Horner Syndrome - anatomy, causes, pathophysiology, investigation 

I’m at my fifth year of medical studies and we’ve always seen this syndrome in different modules but I’ve never understood it that well, thank you very much !!

I had a hard time following this topic during our lecture but you made it easy with incredible illustrations! Thank you so much!

amazing..but where are the colourful pens? I miss it

Thank you, this video is really well- explained, especially the clinical parts helped. I wonder if you could make an episode on II and III cranial nerve damage and it’s clinical symptoms, or eye nerves in general

great video. You explained it better than any of my professors ever did.

You are an inspiration for me. I wish one day people will find my videos as helpful as yours.

I have this after spine surgery No one has ever seen this happen. I’m devastated

Fantastic explanation deserve my salute

00:00:00 Horner's syndrome is described as a classic neurologic syndrome characterized by three distinct clinical signs on one side of the face: ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), meiosis (constriction of the pupil), and anhydrosis (no sweating) on the affected side. The syndrome is caused by a lesion anywhere along the sympathetic pathway that supplies the head, neck, and eye, which includes three neurons that arise from the hypothalamus, descend through the cervical spinal cord, and ascend through the superior cervical ganglion and internal carotid artery to innervate the iris dilator muscle, Muller's muscle, and sweat glands. 00:05:00 the causes of Horner syndrome are discussed, which is a condition characterized by the loss of sympathetic nerve function. The causes are classified into three categories: lesions in the first-order neuron, second-order neuron, and third-order neuron. Lesions in the first-order neuron can be caused by hypothalamic strokes or tumors, brain stem strokes, brain stem tumors, and spinal cord lesions. Lesions in the second-order neuron can be caused by apical lung lesions, pancreatic tumors, subclavian artery aneurysms, and mediastinal masses. Lesions in the third-order neuron can be caused by cavernous sinus issues, internal carotid artery aneurysms, and pituitary tumors. 00:10:00 the diagnostic process for Horner's syndrome, highlighting the importance of the "drop test" in localizing the lesion and distinguishing between third-order neuron and first- or second-order neuron lesions. Additionally, imaging tests such as MRI brain, neck, or CT angiogram are necessary to identify potential underlying causes, including tumors, carotid artery dissections, or lesions along the sympathetic pathway.

Thanks a lot for the explanation .

Very well explained! Great job.

Very nicely presented. Much appreciated.

Good summary👍

Hey, man. I'm so glad I found out about your channel.

One of my eyes was always uneven than the other, and eventually thought I had a lazy eye. But then I found out that I had Horner’s syndrome because I have Right brachial plexus palsy which affected my right eye, which was why my eye shape was uneven after doing research and looking it up. And I never knew this my whole life till about 4 months ago lol. Crazy how my brachial plexus is a reason my eye is more slanted and droopy than the other. I thought that was pretty interesting. And great video 👍🏽

most beautiful explanation on youtube for horner

Thank u..Happy new year💐

Thank you so much, this is amazing

Very well and throughly explained in short time ❤

Excellent presentation Thanks

Just amazingg!! Hats off!

I WILL BECOME A GOOD DOCTOR INSHA'ALLAH.

Well explained... thank u 🙏

Nerve block for right shoulder surgery, droopy eyelid and burst blood bruise on left of my nose between eye and high area of nose, why?

Great video - as usual! I do have a question: At 6:50, you say the 3rd order neurons that supply facial sweat glands travel with the External carotid, then later state that 3rd order neurons travel in the Internal carotid adventitia. Do you mean JUST nerve supply of the sweat glands...or the entire 3rd order neurons? that travel with the ECA . I hope my question is clear and Thanks again for this Video

Great explanation of a complex syndrome...Thank You

thank you!

Armando ...ur videos r spectacular, so can I ask u to do video on the anatomy of the cartilage 🥺

I recently had a ADCF operation on C4/C5 and C5/C6. After many tests because of all of the symptoms as described in this video, the surgeon said while my spine was exposed with the help with retractors they believe it restricted blood flow because of the time the tool compressed the nerves and arteries. I have not heard of this problem before and I was first diagnosed with having a stroke, this was a very hard thing to comprehend but after many tests it was confirmed as Horner syndrome. Finding information on doctor Google it can revert back to normal but not in every case. I will have to wait and hope I return back to my pre- op state.

Thank you. Have been waiting for this. ❤️

thanks sir

Thank you man ❤

This is a beautiful video but one point is missed here which would make this video super complete and perfect and that congenital horner's syndrome

Always great

well explained everything

I've had this ever since my tumor was taken out visine or any redness eyedrops in the effected eye helps even it out.i also don't sweat out of my hand it makes it look very dry and cracked and even gets a certain smell from not being able to sweat and the the other side sweats even more to make up for it.

HELLO , what is the app name you use to make these wonderful videos

thanks

Amazing

I really miss the colourful pens

Parabéns

I just found out my daughter has this. I’m so nervous cuz she has weak muscles. 9 months old and can’t sit on her own yet.

I’m trying to figure out why my dog has Horner Syndrome. The ophthalmologist we saw found a foxtail in my dog’s ear. I’m hoping the constricted pupil goes back to normal now.

I still remember the lecture I was taught about this syndrome more than 10 years ago. Sadly my professor passed of COVID this year. Thank you for sharing your knowledge.

Great 😳🙌

Nice explaination on horner syndrome ☺️ But I think order of neurons is reversed 👀

Interesting topic. I would interested to see how you approach syringomyelia. I have idiopathic SM with cervical, thoracic and lumbar syrinxes. It has been a wild ride.

I have this

Wow.

Hiii hope you are well. Im hoping to study pharmaceitical sciences masters at aston I have a question If my chemistry is weak like iv forgotten a lot of it will i struggle on the course im planning to refresh chemistry A level before startng the course

🙏

👍

I get very horner sometimes... Could I possibly have Horner's disease?

👍👍👍👍