The transmission is a basic part of your car. It is mounted directly on the engine and converts the engine’s combustion power to momentum which drives the wheels.
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To effect a gear change, selecting first gear, for example, the driver depresses the clutch, disengaging the input shaft. Using the shift lever, the driver selects first gear, and the linkage moves the shift fork to connect the 1st-2nd locking collar with 1st gear, locking it to the output shaft. Now, when the clutch is released, engaging the input shaft, the output shaft turns because 1st gear is locked to the output shaft by the locking collar.
As the driver speeds up, selecting 2nd gear simply involved repeating the process, but moving the shift lever to 2nd gear. The shift shaft moves the shift fork to disengage 1st gear and engage 2nd gear. Releasing the clutch engages the input shaft again, this time routing power through 2nd gear. Changing to 3rd gear involves using a second shift linkage, shift fork, and locking collar, this one between 3rd and 4th gears.
Because the counter shaft and output shaft turn at different speeds, moving from 1st to 2nd gear, trying to engage a higher gear while the vehicle is moving slower would be like trying to turn the shaft at two different speeds, which is impossible. Synchronizer rings are like tiny clutches, using friction to bring the locking collar and the gear to the same speed, at which point they easily mesh and power can be reapplied.
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