couldn't decrease in entropy also occur spontaneously without external input of energy when a reaction decreases in enthalpy at low temperature? wouldn't such explanation not require the invocation of net increase in entropy?
Although, I can’t really top a video about foreskin. The novelty of someone with glasses talking like that guy on that FBI show I watched accidentally a few times is enough to pull up after ignoring what is being said for a while without getting enlightened or anything. Next glasses nerd video recommendation: how alcohol affects...people without choosing it(? -culture...?) I have fasd and spent lots of time growing up looking at medical books trying to find what was wrong without being able to really comprehend sentences. I’m not trying for attention points, bully stereotype are in lots cultures could be from exposure to alcohol, facial features only occur in first few months of gestation of drinking, and the report of drinking is so much lower then I think we could know, so many people have it without knowing, I think it’s a possibility it could be interpreted as autism when it isn’t (gasp!) and I’m curious if it has trans generational effects. Did royal families have access to alcohol and are their lines worse? I don’t think we understand how mind blowing it would be to find some kind of indicator in our genes (DNA’s?) The amount of people who have been affected could be very unexpected. People might not understand that someone might not be an alcoholic but still may have had a period of weakness. Especially as a ladie that is pregnant. Make a video and make it sciencey. Thanks Sci People
0:32 -- "imagine you have given a bag of glitter to a toddler." Me, 20 years later: "I'm still finding glitter *EVERYWHERE!"* I'm guessing that Hank's toddler got hold of a bag of glitter at some point in the recent past... That analogy was *way* too specific to be just some random analogy. LOL!
Impresive how there are so many scishow haters watching a scishow video. Also, if you don't understand the importance of amenities during stressful times read up on WW2 or go play some Civilization 5...
@@EverythingScience I like Sci Show, I don't think anyone here is a "hater" It's just annoying how people are constantly complaining that they have to sit on their a** when that's usually what they do anyway, but now it's bad cause you are "forced" to do it.
2:38' "fleshy sacks of mostly water" is totally a paraphrase from Picard's encounter in TNG (episode: "home soil") with a species of mineral sentient life occuping a thin mm-thick band around a small planet. "Ugly bags of mostly water" - the indigenous sentient mineral-based-life.
@@stevethecat9934 I'm afraid that what you just wrote wasn't very coherent, if you want anyone besides yourself to understand it you might want to try restructuring it.
More likely that you were too busy being a child to pay attention in science class. This is also a very simplified version of what you would learn at graduate or post-graduate level biology.
You can't beat entropy, which is why macro evolution is impossible and the universe had a creator. Don't believe me, do an experiment that conquers entropy. Lmfao
I wish I had the link to share, but I recall watching a presentation about why life formed in the universe at all, given the thermodynamic entropy law. What it discussed was that, on a micro-scale (i.e. our level) it appears we are violating the entropy law, at least for a time. However, when they studied the overall radiant heat (i.e. entropy) output of a planet with life (like earth) with a comparable planet but without life, they calculated that a planet with life is actually more efficient at turning the Sun's light energy into radiant heat, meaning that if you take the Earth system as a whole, the life on it has INCREASED entropy from a universal perspective. This means that not only does life not violate the entropy law, it is practically inevitable that life would form given that it seems to optimize the overall increase in entropy of the system over time.
@@diamondgajurel9633 so I don't know if this was the specific one I remember, but it touches on most of the points. ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-GcfLZSL7YGw.htmlsi=R-rC9W-w9KQ0BQnd
That was also my understanding, however, I dare questioning the principle of entropy overall. I mean, I'm sure it's a correct rule or principle that exists, as it's probably been kinda proven already by many scientists. What I mean is, that we probably don't fully understand why things are moving to a less orderly state and how they're doing that (why they're getting more orderly on the way sometimes) and most importantly, why they were ordered in the first place. Why do planets or stars form at all? Why is their energy concentrated in one place? I think entropy is a too simple attempt to describe our observations of the world and the universe, but there must be something behind it, we don't yet understand. Maybe life jumped into existence by chance, trying all possible combinations and forming those cells, membranes, proteins or whatever. First by chance/probability/trying all different combinations, then somehow structured. Or maybe there's some force behind it, that works differently than how you and me look at entropy... maybe science has figured out more than I know, but in the video they don't explain exactly why and how life hacks entropy. So I think there's much more to figure out here.
I had always considered the concept of entropy patently absurd since living organisms are so obviously defying entropy. Turns out, living organisms were using entropy to defy itself!
I would argue that there's no force "hacking" entropy, but that every component of reaction in the universe, has an opposing purpose, to maintain balance.
Entropy can only be reversed locally. the NET entropy of the closed system must be positive, but locally, it can be negative!! Life does this. The tiny negative entropy from living things on earth is MUCH MORE counterbalanced by the SUN's ENORMOUS positive entropy. The entropy of the earth-sun system is NET positive. This occurs whenever an ordered system receives external energy sources.
It honestly bothers me that the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics is considered a "Law". The 2nd "Law" is a statistical phenomenon, not a physical one. There is no low of physics that demands that entropy _always_ increases, it's just so unlikely to spontaneously decrease that it's not worth considering at human scales. At atomic scales, dealing with small numbers of particles and possible states, it's actually pretty common for entropy to spontaneously decrease
"Entropy always increases" is a dramatic simplification of the 2nd law. And, its not based on empirical data as much as it is a consequence of complex math predicting the behavior of generally macroscopic systems. However, it stood the test of time experimentally , and the math checks out. So if you would kindly elaborate on your point, it would be most helpful.
That's the thing, though. Scientific, or more accurately, mathematical laws are the formulas used to describe the physical processes of nature. If those formulas include probability, so be it, that's math. The idea that laws of nature are immutable is kind of true but only in the sense that the math behind it doesn't change. It doesn't mean that the watered down version that laypeople can understand is exactly how things are.
@@lordgarion514 If it's the episode I'm thinking of, that's not exactly what they said. If you're talking about the statistical possibility that the randomness of energy may suddenly and inexplicably concentrate on one spot rather than spread out, that still fits the math. Other cases can be attributed to factors that are normally considered "outside the observed system" because really, there's no such thing as a closed system. The universe as a whole is as close to that as we can get.
@@OtakuUnitedStudio Of course it fits the math, that's why they explained the law wasn't really a law....... The law is the words, not the math. This isn't complicated. Go away.
@@Th3Nigma Nah, Natural Selection will pass those Hacking gene to next generation.. Any trait which ensures or promises accumulation of more resources with minimum involvement or risks is going to increase fitness of the Individual/Specie possessing the trait so naturally that Group/Individual will survive and thrive
I can attest to the fact that the moment you introduce glitter to a child you will never know the world without glitter. Glitter will remain a part of your life forever.
We had a glitter "disaster" the first year we lived in our town house, eight years later when we moved we were still finding glitter. Silver, red and green to be exact. I am sure some came here with us.
Of all the amazing content you guys have put out over the years, I think this may be the most fascinatingly elegant topic yet. If I understand it correctly our bodies build the structures of membranes and proteins like a model ship. The build all the pieces fold them up and tie them to strings (bonding to water) then entropy pulls the strings and they pop into shape? That is absolutely mind blowingly elegant. I think I'm going to go hydrate.
Dan Ryan yeah! I don’t remember if they had a name. Just that they were little glowing lights that turned into that larger crystal. Not to be confused with the giant crystal that killed Guinan’s people, I think.
Yes, you want to do that now, but if you're not good at math, mentally strong against abuse and uncertainty, and don't have $200k to spend on college and grad school, good luck
listen to the cynics because it’s true but don’t give up. there are affordable ways to pursue the career of a scientist and there is fulfilling work in science, whether you work as a scientist or apply it to people
That random protein quote though. All the highly specific designs of life there are in the world all happening on the same planet are mathematically impossible, unless the universe was literally eternal, which it isn't. The idea of randomly developing life is so unscientific, it's mind boggling. ...and yet so many assume it to be true.
My first and gut reaction to this is that a 6 minute video may have just explained the way in which life can originate scientifically. Not sure that was the point. But basically if the creation of cellular life is in fact a state of HIGHER entropy, its development would occur naturally and predictably.
In sum, life accelerates the process of entropy creation. Life transforms energy inefficiently. Food is transformed into chemical or mechanical energy with a high level of warmth loss. At one point, there is only low-order energy left in form of warmth radiation which will increase entropy in the universe. So the question is: Is the formation of life fundamental in the universe?
Even recently i still think the most realistic theory of the first forms of life are a fluke combination of panspermia and white thermal vents. It used to be believed that they were just spewing chemical fumes and minerals rapidly cooling as they mix with water, but looking closer the minerals and enviroment created in white vents isnt happening below the surface it is happening between the burning hot nutrient rich thermal pressure and the water itself. Which means if something as foundational as minerals are a chemical reaction happening way below sea level, our understanding of the purpose and creation of volcanos, the earths deep core and geographical plates could be way off
They would have to manufacture it in the biolab level 4+ in positive pressure hazmat suits and still would probably be contaminated from time to time ;)
The relationship between life and entropy is one the deepest aspects of, well... Everything. If you're looking for a philosophical first assumption to build all your beliefs on, that's the the most fundamental one there is. Entropy creates disorder, and life creates order.
This is exactly what happened when I watched this video for the first time. I had an epiphany and understood everything all at once for a brief second. It was beautiful and turned me from an Atheist to Love god
Life is the result of disordered things becoming orderly and suddenly becoming a mix of both worlds for no true purpose but to maintain such level of disorder to a point where it can continue being itself due to a similar content of order. Life is the opposite of entropy, what will maintain our Universe alive, until it doesn’t
I learned early in my pet parenthood that cats can do this to glitter as well. Because they have leveled up from toddler, however, they can also accomplish this with glitter that is actually, physically glued to another surface. Also, getting glitter out of cat fur before they manage to eat it all while grooming is a lot like trying to spin straw into gold.
The increase in entropy is not a real law but rather a statistical observation. Nature does not care where the energy is "really" going, it just gets pushed wherever it fits.
This video raises more questions than it answers. It seems that when theyre about to tell us a scientific answer, they just plot twist us saying "no one knows really", or " it just works idk"
I remember either a This Place or a Minute Physics video on entropy that said that, at least in the middle of the road, increasing complexity in a system can be a way to increase entropy in a system. Using the mixture of coffee and milk in a cup, forming complex swirls of patterns before eventually setting in a homogeny
Recently I have been reading the book "The Vital Question - Why is life the way it is" by Nick Lane and in there, a topic similar like this was discussed.
I think this was the first time I watched a video seconds after it was uploaded (I don't use notifications).... I feel special... and now that I said it, less so.
@SciShow you've made a mistake on the diagram at 4:34. The final shape should not be at the bottom of the entropy graph, but slightly above that area. Proteins change shape based on their environment, with in the limits of their function. Enzymes, for example, will change shape when their substrate binds to the active site. Because of these slight changes in confirmation shape, the entropy of a protein cant be at the bottom of the graph.
One way I've heard it explained why the existence of life isn't a violation of the 2nd law, is while a living organism is itself a temporary point of low entropy, it actually /increases/ the entropy of its environment more than the entropy within it is reduced, such that life has a net positive impact on entropy in the physical systems that contain it.
In my biochemistry course we still had to understand that life doesn't go against entropy per say, but should be viewed as entropy machines. A cell will still consume larger energetic molecules and metabolically reduce the molecule to a smaller less energetic molecule through catabolism. The energy liberated is used for anabolic processes like generating ATP for example in energetically favourable pathways (glycolysis for example), but the math still results in larger more energetic compounds being reduced to simpler less energetic compounds, and anabolic (non energetically favourable) pathways require enzymes to catalyze the reactions from lower to higher energy. In general; catabolism liberates energy Anabolism requires energy. Both occur at the same time in different pathways. The resulting energy of the entire system will be still be less than was initially "input" (as food), thus still conforming to the natural tendency of entropy, but just in a very complicated roundabout way...
Sounds like you learned to understand the Calvin Cycle. Have you linked it to ethnicity via food energy and the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans?
@@jameskohl7959 I never really touched on Calvin's cycle because my degree is a double major of biochemistry and zoology (not a lot on plants where Calvin's cycle is more relevant). My comment refers more to the very basic bioenergetics of living organisms. The closest thing I learned to Calvin's cycle is probably the TCA cycle (more commonly the Kreb's cycle).
Entropy and the universe is like skateboarding down a really, really long slope. You can move and get useful energy from the slope only while you're moving down it, but the slope will eventually end. Along with your ride.
The way proteins (are thought to) gradually settle into the desired configuration sounds a lot like the annealing process you described in another recent video!
Entropy is a function of the number of different microstates that objects in a system can occupy. To that end, just by random chance, there is a possibility that the toddler could randomly spill glitter into a perfect pile, though the chance of that happening is so remote it is practically zero.
I'm wondering how gravity affects this. If all molecules in the universe were spread out in some maximal entropy state wouldn't random changes favor groups of molecules that would then be more likely to attract other molecules because of the very slightly increased gravity due to their very slightly increased mass?
Short version : animal takes in low entropy molecules(food), outputs entropy as heat and high entropy molecules. Plants : energy from sunlight to make low entropy molecules.
By using energy, entropy can be locally reduced, but with the cost that the energy source tends to gain more entropy. You can plug a vacuum cleaner into the wall and use that energy to pack the glitter back into a smaller space again, but the result is not as useful as the original because of other contaminants.
if I remember anything from back when I did "proteins structure and function" a lot of the correct folding can be attributed to the nice little chaperone helpers ...right?
I had a name tag made back in the early 1970's which said "Entropy Pump" which I figured I was. Life is an entropy pump which works like a heat pump, localizing areas of low entropy instead of localizing areas of low molecular motion (heat).
If the glitter lands on the floor, creating an effective film along a plane, isn't this more ordered than when the glitter is in the air? And would this imply that gravity itself behaves in a way that seems to reduce entropy by forcing masses together?
@@RickySTT They've uploaded a few videos there in the last couple of months again. Although it does not seem to be regularly updated as much as this channel.
My personal favorite entropy hack is in DNA polymerization. Where the reaction making this huge ordered molecule is energetically driven forward by the entropic favorabilty of product pyrophosphate's subsequent hydrolysis
I wonder if there is an information time travel like component in entropic self-assembly. For instance, microscopic cellular activity has a very high "entropic leverage" - Meaning tiny changes in microstructure result in a breathing, running, talking, reproducing macrostructure. Perhaps the high entropy outcomes "pull" us through time. The probability of a human popping into existence whole is low, but the probability of a single lipid molecule to move through a liquid medium and align in a way that results in a high entropy increase in the future is perhaps not so low.
Only Hank Green would take a Disastrous situation that (probably) happened to him (child with a bag of glitter) and turn it into a SciShow episode on Entropy. That example felt oddly specific to be random ... 😆
And the question posed was this: "How do I put the glitter back in the bag?" The Multivac fell silent Then suddenly the machine sprang to life,five words were printed: INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR MEANINGFUL ANSWER
Maximizing the entropy isn't directly correlated to minimizing the energy. In a closed system energy is conserved, but the entropy can still get down when things mix and interact. Glitter in the bagg does not have more energy than glitter in the bag; to get glitter out of the bag you still need an external energy source, like a toddler.
God's Creation of UV light did that. academic.oup.com/mnras/article/467/4/4802/3001962 President Trump linked that to ethnicity via the effect of UV light on viruses. Light-activated plant growth and food energy biophysically constrain the pheromone-controlled genetic processes that link the physiology of reproduction to all biodiversity on Earth.
@@rstevewarmorycom What is your area of expertise? Nobel Laureate, Ben Feringa and President Donald Trump put it into the perspective of Biblical Prophesy. See: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-a-Srug9oFwU.html The Future of Chemistry - Schrödinger at 75: The Future of Biology "Disabled were walking again, the blind were seeing again, and the death rose from the grave. 2013 was the year in which prophesy from the bible became reality. -- De Correspondent dec 2013"
I don't really agree with Entropy being a law and all. It really only applies to closed systems, so within that system energy is always lost. My disagreement stem from things like planet and star formation, if you look at when a star explodes sure energy is lost as that star wont reform, but another star will, so will planets so looking at those systems they gain energy not lose it. Maybe I just don't understand the 2nd law correctly. Also an astronaut did his own experiment of putting sugar in a zip lock bag and shook it up. Within zero g he found that the sugar comes together to form clump. Isn't this the opposite of entropy?
Life is nature's way to speed up entropy. I remember the this idea is quoted in Westworld but i think it comes from a physicist. Sadly i can't remember his name but i've heard him in a podcast making a very strong case for this.
Wanna know how it can do it so fast and perfect most of the time? Simply put that when something microscopic with no conscience does not behave like the "laws of physics" tells us and therefore can try all possible formations "at the same time" , time for it does not exist so it "seems" like it does it fast. All measurements require a conscience
