How did EAST TIMOR Win Independence?

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In May 2002, East Timor finally won its independence from Indonesia. But it had been a long hard struggle. In the end, the country won its statehood through a combination of international pressure and domestic changes. So, just how did East Timor become independent?
Hello and welcome! My name is James Ker-Lindsay. On this channel, I take an informed look at International Relations with a particular focus on territorial conflicts, secession, independence movements and new countries.
While many rightly view East Timor - more formally the Democratic Republic Timor-Leste - as a case of a successful independence movement, there is in fact some confusion about its status. Unlike most other independence movements around the world, it was not in fact secessionist in nature. Instead, it fell into a small category of territories fighting for independence after decolonisation. Rather similar to Western Sahara, and with parallels to Palestine, it was instead occupied by a neighbouring state following the end of colonial rule by a European power - on this case Portugal. And yet, despite international condemnation of Indonesia’s invasion and occupation of East Timor, at one point it looked as though it was destined to become another forgotten independence conflict. In this video I look at th path to independence and show how following a period of relative obscurity it came back onto the international agenda and how domestic developments in Indonesia eventually meant that it was able to secure full sovereign statehood.
CHAPTERS
0:00 Introduction and Titles
0:46 Secession vs Thwarted Decolonisation
2:05 Background Geography and History
4:29 Portugal's Decolonisation and Indonesia's Invasion
7:04 Indonesia's Occupation
8:10 The Path to Reclaimed Independence
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East Timor: A Nation's Bitter Dawn amzn.to/2HHu5En
Secession and State Creation: What Everyone Needs to Know amzn.to/2MPY3W2 [PRE-ORDER]
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The Foreign Policy of Counter-Secession amzn.to/2Qinm5t
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KEYWORDS
#EastTimor #TimorLeste #Independence
#InternationalPolitics #CurrentAffairs #InternationalRelations
#Secession #Statehood #Independence
#InternationalLaw #InternationalHistory
#Indonesia #Portugal #Decolonisation
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16 июн 2024

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Комментарии : 253

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

It's been a while since I have done one of my origins of countries videos. But last week's video on Western Sahara made me think how I have wanted to do a video on East Timor for quite some time. The two cases have a lot in common. But which other countries would you like to see me cover? And why? Let me know below.

@peacefulworld1717 3 года назад

Nice work. Please kindly check your mail box I have sent some messages. Thank you.

@peacefulworld1717 3 года назад

I wish to understand something, it appears for a Nation to be independent she need to fight in arms! Is there any non violence way? If Yes what are they?

@mandilakhekolisile5157 3 года назад

Should Canada merge with the United States? Daine Francis makes a good point for it in her book Merger of the Century. And I'd like to know your opinion on South Africa and Lesotho as one country? Thank you.

@isseihyudou194 3 года назад

Create video about west australia independent.

@ProximaCentauri88 3 года назад

Please talk about West Papua. Thank you sir.

@tlslks4169 3 года назад

As a timorese, i'm glad to watch this video. You explained prety well. A lot of people around the world don't know exactly how difficult for east timorese people in their struggling to gain it's independence. Many people were killed, too many families were lost their love ones, etc just to seek their freedom.

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Thank you so much. It is an incredible story. Even after all these years, it must still be very hard on all the families affected by what happened. But it is important for people to know the what happened Wishing you the very best from London.

@safuwanfauzi5014 3 года назад

next Goa Portuguese in India, and macau in China will be independence too, i hope Portuguese will be offical language.

@ProximaCentauri88 3 года назад

Boa noite irmão desde Filipinas.

@DaengKulle795 2 года назад

It doesn't mentioned anything that what happened actually was civil war and Indonesia had to invade because they keep sending refugees to west timor. Timor leste was so good playing victims in fact their the one who killed their own people and their rebellion act was funded by Australia who stole their oil after they got independence nice one.

@kerehore2868 2 года назад

Bagaimana nasib negara anda saat ini? Apakah kalian masih membenci indonesia? Apakah bantuan dari indonesia makanan dll masih sangat deras mengalir ke negara anda?

@arvil8571 3 года назад

Few days back I watched a short video of East Timor by Guardian Australia. This is in fact on another level and has intricate details and analysis. Thank you professor!!

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Thanks so much! It is such an interesting case, but also largely misunderstood. I’d wanted to do this video for ages. I’m so glad you found it useful! I hope all else is well with you.

@kevinrwhooley9439 3 года назад

Very interesting and informative, as usual James.

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Thanks so much, Kevin! Always appreciated. I know most people seem to prefer the current affairs videos, but I do like to do these ones from time-to-time. It’s nice to know some viewers like them. :-) In any case, I hope you are well.

@filippoardizzone8216 3 года назад

So glad, as a catholic, that one of our bishops has helped to resolve this issue and restore peace. I would like to see more of this kind of videos, they really have a high informative value. As usual, you did a great job James! I encourage you to keep going! (It would be quite cool if you talked about the origin of the italian microstates; the Vatican & San Marino)

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Thanks so much, Filippo! I’m glad you liked it. I really love doing them too. Unfortunately, they tend to perform badly. (I actually seem to lose subscribers from them. People really seem to prefer the current affairs videos.) But I will continue to do them from time to time as I like to think it does appeals to those who are interested in how various principles in international relations and the creation of states fit together. On a related note, I really should try to do more on Portugal’s decolonisation at some point. It is so interesting and unusual. And thanks for the suggestions. I’ve always wanted to do a video on Sam Marino. How did it manage to keep its independence despite the unification of Italy?

@filippoardizzone8216 3 года назад

@@JamesKerLindsay Well, it has to do with the fact that they once helped Garibaldi (one of the great Italian statists) and he in return let them be their own country (plus they had some sort of protection from the pope and nobody wanted to medle with that)

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

@@filippoardizzone8216 Thanks, Filippo. That should have come with a spoiler alert! 😀

@filippoardizzone8216 3 года назад

@@JamesKerLindsay oh, I'm so sorry!! 🤦🏻‍♂️🤦🏻‍♂️

@ProximaCentauri88 3 года назад

I'm also very interested to the Vatican and San Marino.

@pedrojunior9158 3 года назад

I really enjoy your videos. Greetings from Brazil! 🇧🇷

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Thank you so much! That’s so kind of you to let me know. And it’s so brilliant to think the videos are being watched over in Brazil! 🇧🇷 Very best wishes from London. Have a great weekend!

@pedrojunior9158 3 года назад

@@JamesKerLindsay If you want, look for Ouro Preto. It is my home city in Brazil and has an incredible history. Have a great weekend too!

@mogwaifan7094 Год назад

Thanks for that video about East Timor. Here in Ireland a Dublin bus driver campaigned for years to get help and recognition for East Timor, Tom Hyland. He went to live there after independence. Thanks again

@anastasiak2491 2 года назад

this was explained so clearly thank you!

@JamesKerLindsay 2 года назад

Thank you very much!

@prabunusantara 3 года назад

Glad that Timtim separated from Indonesia, they were never been part of us since the beginning. It was a wise decision to made by president Habibie back in 1999 🇮🇩❤

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Yes, I think it was a very good decision. It really was harming Indonesia’s international reputation. But it also raises a lot of very interesting questions about the nature and effects of European colonisation.

@s21b0b 3 года назад

@@JamesKerLindsay And also the Cold War. The invasion of East Timor is certainly inseparable from the Cold War.

@riel5197 2 года назад

Never part of us? So you only take it from colonialization standpoint and denying the native Austronesian things going on since 4000BC? News Flash: People in the East and West part of the Island is of the same Ethnic Group. So i'm wondering what's your definition of "Us" there. But indeed, what's done is done. We(most of Indonesians) don't really want them back.

@ScotlandForever0 2 года назад

@@riel5197 but isn’t Indonesia a colonizer in West Papua? No different than the British here in Ireland.

@riel5197 2 года назад

@@ScotlandForever0 1. We didn't invade them(the natives) we ward off dutch and others from the region. 2. We don't force them to pay tax to us, on the other hand we subsidized alot of things for them. 3. The only violence come from west sponsored and poor neighbour countries incited separatists. 4. Papuans actually one of the highest buying power community in the country. Indeed infrastructure fell behind, but we are working on it. It would be much easier if such separatist stop ambushing development projects. 5. We put natives in the head regional gov't. That's nothing surprising actually, it's the same all over the country. That's 5 off the top of my head. But i think the differences are quite clear already. Melanesians are our people. We coexist long in the region. Some blending in together in maluku and nusa tenggara timur.

@MrBigSuperStar 10 дней назад

as a carrascalao, born in australia. my family founded the UDT. thanks for your video. this educates and teaches people about east timors history. being east timorese, especially coming from a family that played a huge part in its history we carry a lot of pain and suffering. it’s important that people know what happened in timor.

@JamesKerLindsay 10 дней назад

Thank you so much. I completely agree. It is so important for people to know what happened there.

@brunosarmento4138 3 года назад

Thank you for your video talks about our country of East Timor

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Thank you. It is an incredible story. Please do share it with anyone else who might be interested.

@theconqueringram5295 3 года назад

East Timor was a rare an unique success story.

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Indeed. It is an interesting case for all sorts of reasons. But it really could have been different. It wouldn’t have taken much for it to be continuing to this day. I didn’t mention it in this video, but the West Papua situation, which has some key similarities - but also some crucial differences - is continuing. I hope to take a look at that at some point.

@DaengKulle795 3 года назад

@@JamesKerLindsay success? In the 2020 Global Hunger Index, Timor-Leste ranks 106th out of the 107 countries with sufficient data to calculate 2020 GHI scores. With a score of 37.6, Timor-Leste has a level of hunger that is alarming [See overview of GHI calculation].www.globalhungerindex.org/timor-leste.html After 20 years of independence timor leste manage to become the world's most hungry country. Keep it up. You can be no.1. You can beat Chad!

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

@@DaengKulle795 Very true. But that doesn’t take away from the fact that it was denied a say on its future. I hear this a lot from Moroccans over Western Sahara. “They should be grateful that they get economic development.” Yes, that jay be so. But people want a chance to determine their own future. That’s why the notion of self-determination (in its complexity) is written into the UN Charter and stands as a central principle in international relations.

@DaengKulle795 3 года назад

@@JamesKerLindsay yeah self determination for poor people who can't even read. People who doesn't even understand what autonomy means. Once they found out what they choose means higher prices, no more subsidy from indonesian central government, no more job opportunities for their children, no more better healthcare and education for their children they start regretting their choices. They were fooled by their portuguese descent elites which propapagandized that once they were independent their oil money will only be for themselves and they will be like Brunei in no time. And look at where they are now. 20 years of independence with only 1.3 million population 42 percent are still live under extreme poverty. Many old people still can't read and children are malnourished. Where are all the money have gone? Gone to portugal and australia in the form of luxurious houses of timorese elites. Yeah a success story.

@abcddef2112 3 года назад

@@JamesKerLindsay The explanation really is quite simple and often overlooked in the West (im looking at you interfet people) the willingness by Indonesia (B.J. Habibie) to let East Timor go and his vision and conception of Indonesian identity. Because of this Habibie is considered hero by east timorese not some interfet leaders, and the relation with Indonesia are very good and seen as brotherly. One family might have soldiers serving in Indonesia and other serving in East Timor. In the process he ‘backstab’ the east timorese militias who then went on riots. People seem to always link the riots that followed as by Indonesian soldiers which is not the case. Indonesian soldiers and Interfet were allies and both fight attacks by militias. They coordinate with each other. Though yes those militia was not prosecuted in Indonesia, though the disarmament process leads to violents fights between militias and indonesian army and casualties, which is strangely not covered in the western media. Lastly the conception of Indonesian identity excluding east timor. Most Indonesian accept that east timor was not Indonesia and the invasion aftermath were blamed on Suharto regime killing communist. (Fretilin was communist though they soften. Which is why Indonesia on the other hand will fight to the death to keep Aceh and Western Papua. Tldr. the willingness by Indonesia to let East Timor go. Pragmatically, the breakup was also quite easy where only 30% of east timorese moved to west timor so not a huge full refugee crisis.

@maikash007 3 года назад

U are doing a great Job. Just a suggestion: plz add screen Text and rely more on Maps. Becuz one loses interest while listening to immense quantity of knowledge without graphics, text and maps.

@rolfsuege1284 3 года назад

Hey James, I’ve ran into an interesting case I can’t really find much info on. Karakalpakstan. According to Wikipedia, “The Republic of Karakalpakstan is formally sovereign and shares veto power over decisions concerning it with Uzbekistan. According to the constitution, relations between Karakalpakstan and Uzbekistan are "regulated by treaties and agreements" and any disputes are "settled by way of reconciliation". Its right to secede is limited by the veto power of Uzbekistan's legislature over any decision to secede. Article 74, chapter XVII, Constitution of Uzbekistan, provides that: "The Republic of Karakalpakstan shall have the right to secede from the Republic of Uzbekistan on the basis of a nationwide referendum held by the people of Karakalpakstan."” I was astonished to see both veto power and the right to independence written directly into the constitution. How did this happen? Is independence likely? Are there other similar cases?

@dimazandhika 3 года назад

In the end how did australia seized up timor leste oil resources, until now timor leste govt failed to get back their national resources lol

@GeographyWorld 3 года назад

Great video about East East, thats what the name Timor Leste really means. Timor Leste a very interesting yet tragic story, it's nice that they got the independence they deserved.

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Haha! Thanks. Indeed. East East. So true. It is one those good news cases in international politics. I’d also like to cover West Papua at some point. (The Indonesia trilogy along with Aceh.) Not such a great outcome there. It’s also a really interesting case as it could sort of be regarded as a very rare hybrid of secession and a decolonisation dispute.

@user-ze2cv7ye6s Месяц назад

Thank you professor. Keep up the Great work. You should do something on Bougainville and Papua New Guinea on Bougainvilles plight for Independence.

@JamesKerLindsay Месяц назад

Thank you. I really must do a video on it.

@jorgeluiscapiello414 Год назад

Fascinating presentation. I didn't understand the reasons behind this island being divided into two parts.

@JamesKerLindsay Год назад

Thanks. Yes, it’s a fascinating story. And the history explains why East Timor eventually gained independence while so many other territories haven’t.

@davidlandsnes326 3 года назад

As always, this is a fantastic, educational, comprehensive and enjoyable presentation. It is surprising that the U.S. and U.K. voted in favor of the Security Council Resolution 384. Is it possible that the communist leanings of the newly declared Democratic Republic (in 19075) were not that strong? Or did the west covertly support Indonesia's occupation of East Timor? Also, this brings up the concerns of expanded violence in the lead-up to referendum. I seem to recall significant violence during that time, even leading to an eventual trial in Indonesia of the pro-Indonesian governor Jose Abilio Soares, for war crimes. (The exact details of that trial are quite murky, leading one to believe it was primarily a show trial to find a scapegoat for that violence [which Indonesia may have tacitly condoned anyway.]) Such pre-referendum violence, tactics of intimidation, and full-scale ethnic cleansing in order to influence the results of a referendum are always a concern, I presume, as they had been in some of the League of Nations referenda for disputed Central European territories (like Upper Silesia, Allenstein, Memel, etc.) and which may frighteningly become an issue with any future referenda, (like Western Sahara, should that become a reality.) I'm wondering your opinion on this. Thanks. (As an aside, it always seems that treatment of the topic of Portuguese decolonization usually overlooks tiny São Tomé e Príncipe. Maybe its small size and (enviable) relative stability make it so easy to be overlooked. But, hey, if you ever decide to traverse the globe along the equator eastward from the Prime Meridian, (don't know why you would) it's the first country you'll hit.}

@teknologicanggih3126 Год назад

A great video, West Papuan is facing the same problem. It has given independence by Netherland, but Indonesia invaded them. I hope you will talk about it as well.

@Jblah Год назад

How can the netherlands give away territory that does not belong to them? They colonized indonesia for centuries and they fought heavily to keep it colonized. But you think they were going to help you to independance? lol

@nurnur-qo5sx 3 года назад

Anyway here's my two cents. If we talked about geography, timor island is not a fertile island. Their land is basically ocean rock with no volcanoes. Dry season is longer in east timor than the surrounding islands. Even since pre colonialism time, Indonesian kingdoms like Majapahit never try to claim timor island. Even dutch didn't care about it. The one thing east timor can survive is exploiting their oil. But today, nickel is way more profitable than oil due to the development of electric car. Palm oil make oil cheaper since country like indonesia try to make fuel from palm oil. The other thing that can be east timor source of income is tourism. But the problem is, there are already Thailand, vietnam, and Bali in the region that will make east timor suffer. East timor future is not bright. Even Australia, their helper is depend a lot on mining.. not big tech like northeast asian country. If you study southeast asian history .. you will realize that this region was always poor.

@Seri-tt3tf 2 года назад

Yup wich is why i was happy that east timor can get their independence so it wont bleed the national's treassury dry by providing them with ealthfare and subsidy like in papua

@dariojunior5672 3 года назад

Im from East Timor , and such a great video to describe short history about Timor Leste.

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Thank you so much. It was such an incredible story to tell. It’s also a really important case in international relations and has some very interesting parallels with Western Sahara, which, sadly, hasn’t been able to secure its independence.

@dariojunior5672 3 года назад

@@JamesKerLindsayI dont really know about Western Sahara issue, but Thanks to BJ habbie for the opportunity. and Yes we are deserve for the freedom . :)

@technetium9653 3 года назад

Indonesia has a long problem of shooting itself in the foot, it's biggest enemy Is itself the Santa Cruz massacre and it's harsh crackdown on Timor larosae was one of the most counterproductive attempts I've ever seen, it galvanized the Timorese making them fight, it angered the international community pressuring them and it weakened it's strength during the referendum, at every juncture indonesia made it harder for themselves, and the worst part is that they never learned the some thing is happening in West Papua and if their stance doesn't change it could loose the territory and they've got no one to blame but themselves

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Yes. It is incredible how that one incident may have changed the whole course of events. But it is interesting how countries will often fight on. As I mentioned, I see so many similarities with Western Sahara. And good that you brought up West Papua. I hope to look at this at some point. It too has some important similarities. That is a case that gets barely any international attention.

@technetium9653 3 года назад

@@JamesKerLindsay Indonesia is at a knives edge it's on the brink of a Santa Cruz massacre 2 it Papua, and it's not restraining itself to not make that happen

@busulik4525 3 года назад

@@JamesKerLindsay west papua part of indonesia 🇮🇩✌️

@andriwahyudani1302 3 года назад

@@technetium9653 Actually the situation in west papua (and Papua) are more difficult than it seem. While OPM (Free Papua movement) armies claim to only kill TNI/ Indonesian Armies, they also kill innocent workers, civillian and even native west papuan that is pro indonesian government. This act makes TNI had no choice other than secure some danger places. Yet, at the same time, OPM use this strategy to shared wide spreade false information that TNI were the one who genocide West Papuans. About Journalism, there were a lot of peoples can come to West Papua now. Maybe yes, in the past, in New Order, before Reformation, western journalists are forbidden to enter west papua, but now it is different

@technetium9653 3 года назад

@@andriwahyudani1302 Fretilin wasn't clean either, but that didn't matter, Santa Cruz mattered,from a proper military tactic indonesia needs to win hearths and minds, which it's doing better now, but it must never repeat a Santa Cruz massacre, it will lose domestic and international support, it needs to guarantee itself in a case of a referendum that it will win

@carolynt5445 3 года назад

Personally, I don't know much about East Timor/Timor-Leste, so this video was fascinating to watch. I guess I assumed since they are neighbors, Indonesia and East Timor would have a pretty smooth history, but it seems not. It truly is comparable to the Western Sahara situation at the moment, with the apparent dictatorship the Sahrawis face. Hopefully, this gets solved soon. It's disheartening to see the violence is starting again. Especially noe that Egypt is in the mix... Anywho, lovely video again, East Timor seems to culturally thrive now, and sorry I went on a tangent haha. XD

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Hi Carolyn, lovely to hear from you. Thanks so much for the message. The parallels with Western Sahara are striking, aren’t they!? In fact, I read somewhere that officials from the two are in close contact with each other. I hope all else is well with you. Very best regards from London.

@mikeledorta Год назад

The huge difference between both cases is that Portugal had been in East Timor for over three centuries. The people had been hugely influenced by the Portuguese as evidenced by their religion and even surnames. Moreover, after the Indonesian invasion, Portugal tireless championed the cause of East Timor in international fora. Compare this case with Western Sahara. The Spanish were there for less than a hundred years (it was the last scrap of Africa available before the Berlin Conference during the Scramble for Africa). The people were hardly influenced by Spanish colonialism (they remained Muslim, never embraced much of Spanish culture compared to the Timorese). Moreover, Spain quite simply handed the keys over to Morocco and that was that. At best, Spain has been cagy about defending Western Saharan self-determination but when push comes to shove, Morocco has won out in Madrid. Moreover, France and now the U.S. actively support Morocco. Now, the majority of Rio de Oro, now Western Sahara, is populated by Moroccan settlers and their descendants. The outlook for an independent Western Sahara, at this juncture, doesn't look good. You can't overlook all those people who were born in Western Sahara (of Moroccan settler families) who look to Morocco as their country. A veritable mess with no clear-cut peaceful solution.

@wombat3455 3 года назад

An excellent briefing that very accurately describes these events. (Instead of speculation about Australian motives, security concerns about secession, oil exploration in the Timor Sea etc.) This intervention has lessons for atrocity prevention today - that even a regional power like Indonesia was not immune from international pressure.

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Thank you. Yes, certainly not Australia’s finest foreign policy decision. It will be interesting to see how the East Timor model now plays out with Western Sahara. The US decision to recognise Morocco’s sovereignty has parallels.

@mikeledorta Год назад

You left out the fact that Suharto did not invade East Timor until he got the go-ahead from Henry Kissinger et al. This may be easily looked up on the internet. A very important omission. The U.S. always had to give the go-ahead to the Indonesian military. The precedent was the grab of Dutch New Guinea. The Indonesians needed a U.S. go-ahead and turning Dutch New Guinea over to the Indonesians was a favour granted by the real power in the area.

@lusydiel3742 15 дней назад

I'm indonesian, when east Timor gained independence I was still in college,my senior from east Timor bragged about the referendum draft (he got scholarship to study in Jakarta by Indonesia government) . Even as indonesian we support the freedom of east Timor as we seen our government not capable to handle the conflict. I'm glad east Timor little by little thriving, we'll be forever brother and we'll be support them in anyway. I hope Israel and Palestine get the same resolution

@blinddig7525 2 месяца назад

i have to thank you doing my school's finals papers is much easier from this exposition of the timeline i wish our history teacher would explain events like you did instead she barely taught us anything

@JamesKerLindsay 2 месяца назад

Thank you. I am so glad it helped. I am sure she is trying her best. It isn’t always easy being a teacher.

@blinddig7525 2 месяца назад

@@JamesKerLindsay i hope so!

@blinddig7525 2 месяца назад

@@JamesKerLindsay Never mind, i just found out the news that she recently stole from a big skincare shop My already negative perception of her just plummeted

@richodulio7550 3 года назад

I hope you make a video about the claiming of the Philippines to Sabah. You

@johnjackson9003 2 года назад

You should do a video of the Ogaden Region of Ethiopia

@JamesKerLindsay 2 года назад

Thank you for the great suggestion. I certainly plan to look at it as it crosses over two topics that I have covered separately in a number of videos.

@johnjackson9003 2 года назад

@@JamesKerLindsay Please do it I guarantee it will be one of your more popular videos because it’s such a rarely covered topic

@seberangjaya 3 года назад

Timor is a Malay word which means east, while Leste is a Portugese word bearing the same meaning. So Timor Leste in English means Eastern East. So Timor Leste or East Timur or East Leste, all of these names, they carry one and the same meaning which is Eastern East. Greaf job prof. I just found your chanel less than a month ago when looking for updates on Karabakh (by the way Nagorno as I understand is a Russian word which means 'mountanias'). So fascinated with your lecture, I then watched a number of your previous videos and subscribed the channel. I intend to watch all of them when I have free times. Again, great job and keep it up.

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Excellent point! Thanks for raising it. You are quite right. It is a bit strange when you think that the full English translation of the country is literally 'East East'!? (And you are also right about Nagorno-Karabakh. I actually use this term in the video because this is how it is more usually known internationally and it's what people search for. However, the real purists actually call it Nagorny Karabakh.) And thanks so much for the subscription. That's very kind. I hope you enjoy the videos. And do let me know if there are any topics that you would like to see me cover. I am always really pleased to hear suggestions.

@ProximaCentauri88 3 года назад

Great video sir. Australia is still f**king Timor Leste by exploiting its gas. Australia and Indonesia are currently exploiting West Papua. Please discuss West Papua soon. Thanks a lot!

@anggapermana4167 2 года назад

west slave

@pandepanda31 3 года назад

Hey James! Indonesian here, your videos are really insightful indeed, and I'm taking an interest in helping you to reach a wider audience, are you open for submission for Indonesian subtitles? Thanks!

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Thank you very much indeed. That’s an incredibly kind offer. Unfortunately, RU-vid have now stopped community contributions on videos. Apparently, it wasn’t used enough. It was a great shame as it made adding translations relatively easy. I am not sure how it can be done now.

@s21b0b 3 года назад

@@JamesKerLindsay I always loved that feature. What a shame RU-vid removed it!!!

@ShubhamMishrabro 3 года назад

Damn first Indonesian who surname pande I saw

@pedrosousa9780 3 года назад

this is interesting because Portuguese was forced to give away all their colonies but a lot of Ingles colonies still reminding until this day, so where is the decolonization from the European.

@joketime5995 3 года назад

FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1958-1960, AFRICA, VOLUME XIV 62. Editorial Note On July 1, 1960, the Somali Republic became independent, uniting the former U.N. trust territory of Somalia with the former British protectorate of Somaliland, which had become independent on June 26. For text of a message dated July 1 from President Eisenhower to President Aden Abdulla Osman, see Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1960-61, page 550. Secretary of Commerce Frederick H. Mueller, who represented President Eisenhower at the independence ceremonies, delivered the message. The Department of State announced on June 30 the elevation of the consulate general at Mogadiscio to an embassy on July 1, with Consul General Andrew G. Lynch as Chargé d’Affaires; see Department of State Bulletin, July 18, 1960, page 118. Lynch presented his credentials as the first Ambassador to Somalia on July 11. The United States did not extend formal recognition to Somaliland, but Secretary of State Herter sent a congratulatory message dated June 26 to the Somaliland Council of Ministers; for text, see ibid., page 87. An Operations Coordinating Board report of July 13, 1960, entitled “Report on the Horn of Africa (NSC 5903),” states that formal recognition was not extended because Somaliland’s period of independence was to be of such short duration and was timed to permit it to unite immediately with Somalia when the latter became independent. (Department of State, S/P-NSC Files: Lot 62 D 1, NSC 5903 file)

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Thanks a lot for the extra information. Always appreciated.

@alimuyghur7397 3 года назад

Now it is time for East Turkistan to restore it is independency from china!! Free East Turkistan!! Free Tibet... I m very happy for the people if East Timor bravo .. it gives us hope to the future that once day all the freedom lovers like uyghurs and Tibets will reestablish their own independence county East Turkistan and Tibet!!

@andriwahyudani1302 3 года назад

Yeah, like how East Timor is even poorer than our most poorer provinces. Guess that is what people think independence right now

@MrHighis 3 года назад

pro ker-lindsay one thing that I keep asking my self without getting good answers is why UN doesn't pressure somalia over sovereignty of Somaliland professor not even UK intervention on this matter I don't get it at all

@MrHighis 3 года назад

@Adam Jaroszewski thanks but allow me to remind you that Somaliland was a country before somalia Somaliland got her independence exactly on 26 jun 1960 it is not also about tribe or clan thing in Somaliland their about 6 tribe I think is totally something else and this problems only happens in those Commonwealth Nations not in those former France territory Senegambia Mali federation south and north Sudan I mean those are few example that France they can't let their former territory in pain like UK

@MrHighis 3 года назад

@Adam Jaroszewski funny thing is Eritrea and south Sudan they we're allowed to be their own country even though they we're not before but no not Somaliland that was a country before what a game and rape of pure clean democracy at it best I believe like many lander's fight for recognition is still on like never before until international community recognizes the sovereignty of Somaliland republic aluta continua

@tauceti8060 3 года назад

@@MrHighis I know that Somaliland has its own currency but can somali shillings be used there too?

@MrHighis 3 года назад

@@tauceti8060 I don't think so every country has it own currency

@truthspokeneternally7132 3 года назад

Please do East Timor and Cyprus cases' comparison (Indonesian and Turkish invasion and occupation respectively, etc)

@ardysports5208 3 года назад

The choice has been made, now it becomes the poorest country in Asia!

@heromail2903 2 года назад

As an Indonesian I am grateful that Timor Leste separated from Indonesia. Timor leste was heavy burden for Indonesia, and now the burden lifted from our shoulder, what a relief....Indonesia had nothing to lose at all from Timor leste

@JamesKerLindsay 2 года назад

Thank you very much indeed. Interesting perspective. Do many other people feel that way? It is interesting that Morocco is in a similar situation with Western Sahara but seems determined to hold on to it.

@heromail2903 2 года назад

@@JamesKerLindsay Oh yes, I believe majority of Indonesians feel the same way I do

@amorsemlimite4427 2 года назад

Indonesia was forced to leave Timor Leste. Indonesia did not go out on its own will, but forced to go out from Timor Leste. US and Australia backed and even supported their invasion that time.

@heromail2903 2 года назад

@@amorsemlimite4427 You are definitely wrong, after president Soeharto stepped down from power, most Indonesian wanted Indonesia to get out of Timor Leste.

@heromail2903 2 года назад

@@amorsemlimite4427 And president Habibie made it happen without significant resistance from people

@prisilaakilasbelay5932 3 года назад

If two not agree how could They go togther?

@tauceti8060 3 года назад

It should of been given the whole island anyway as indonesia has lots and lots of islands.

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Ah, that opens up a whole different can of worms! But I can see you’re point. But it does raise some very important questions about the impact of European colonialism around the world. Historic communities divided and then imprinted with very different European cultural overlays that estrange them from one another. I think about this a lot. We see it so often. This was actually really bright home to me in the Western Togoland case. But I also see the near impossibility of trying to reverse these situations and redraw borders. And, as we’ve also seen, when communities that have been divided by colonialism are reunited the end results are often very unhappy. Just consider Somaliland and Yemen.

@tauceti8060 3 года назад

@@JamesKerLindsay True

@s21b0b 3 года назад

Colonialism ruined that...

@andriwahyudani1302 3 года назад

West Timor island are colonized by the Dutch, and feel more connected to other fellow Indonesians than East Timor. Yes, maybe they closer with culture, but by nationality, it's not. In fact, West Timor join Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, and Flores islands to form Lesser Sunda Islands provinces in 1945, seeking independence from Japan in WW2. This is not the case with East Timor, where they immediately ambushed by Portugese armies to regain the territorries.

@skywalker5170 3 года назад

@@JamesKerLindsay But Poland is a success story where the country was divided by 3 (Russian Poland, German Poland, and Austrian Poland) but they able to unite as 1 country Poland not West Poland, East Poland or South Poland.

@robinindam6983 3 года назад

🥰😍💓💓💖💝

@rekamjejak8969 Год назад

Yeah, you right ... West always right

@AddiOfficial 3 года назад

Like from me Aceh, Indonsesia

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Thank you! Greetings from London.

@bowlampar Год назад

Gaining independence from colonialism is a totally different issue to solve for a newly independent nation compare to its ability holding on to independence from a neighboring brutal dictatorship. So many were killed by Indonesian dictator inside East Timor up to present day Timor-Leste .😞😞

@Jblah Год назад

You guys are so backwatered you dont even know your original culture and language anymore smh. Is that indonesias fault? smh

@osheridan 8 месяцев назад

@@Jblah What do you mean? Tetum is the dominant language

@omaralkayal7598 3 года назад

This was very difficult and the road to independence killed so many people For all we know that Indonesia are pretty much resilient and strong and they do not tolerate independence movements look how they brutal fought Ache region to keep them from seceding and if the Indonesian aka Western Papuans want independence am afraid they might lose a huge chunk of their population in the process, something they may never afford to do

@andriwahyudani1302 3 года назад

West Papua will not be easy to ge independences like East Timor. First, they are part of Dutch East Indies. Second, a lot of ministers and armies came from West Papua. Third, there are a lot of major investors that had business in West Papua.

@DaengKulle795 2 года назад

West Papua is formally recognized by UN resolution and the Dutch also recognized them as past of Indonesia. It is different from east timor who was not recognized by UN as part of Indonesia and Portugal their previous colonizer.

@AR-bh3mn Год назад

After becoming an independent country, it seems that the country does not have a good future......... Apart from gas and oil which will surely run out, this small country has absolutely nothing that can be an alternative source of income for them. East Timor is in Indonesia's Eastern Territory which is difficult to access by ships and maritime sea routes. This country is almost like Papua New Guinea which was isolated for many years. Even if there was a bit of a miracle, it seemed that there would be little possibility for this country to progress....... They are not Brunei or Singapore which is richer As an Indonesian. I hope they won't blame us for the poverty that will happen to them....

@amorsemlimite4427 2 года назад

Indonesia that time fell to the trap set by Australia by invading East Timor.

@sskuk1095 Год назад

How Indonesia can just take over as the de facto occupying / colonizing power is beyond me!

@kubli365 4 месяца назад

This is what Duterte is talking about? Bruh...

@user-eo4nx1wm7n 7 месяцев назад

You failed to mention that Portugal actually gave independence to Timor in 1975 just before invasion and that Australia recognized the legitimacy of Indonesian power for abject financial interests linked to control of gas and oil in the sea of Timor. The subsequent peace keeping force is just a pathetic fig leaf for its previous crimes. In the over 25 years of Indonesian occupation only Portugal staunchly supported the rights of the people of Timor. Carlo Pesce

@MartintheMetalhead 3 года назад

I'll never forgive Aussie PM Whitlam, Fraser, Hawke, Keating for arming the Indonesians!

@JamesKerLindsay 3 года назад

Yes. As I noted in the video, many observers felt that this was a real stain on Australia’s reputation.

@s21b0b 3 года назад

I honestly do not even get what was Australia thinking about! Supported both invasion and independence? Literally shows that Australia does not care about whoever is in power or control near them and just do anything that results in benefitting them.

@nurnur-qo5sx 3 года назад

Lol. You guys are funny. Now your country join Quad. Don't you realize that Australia is part of the US imperialism project? You will support any country that attack communist country. Why you surprise? If war happened between china and the us, you will support the US. And some years later you will regret like this.

@ProximaCentauri88 3 года назад

Australia is still f**king East Timor by exploiting its gas. Indonesia and Australia are currently exploting WEST PAPUA. I hope Sir James Ker-Lindsay talk about West Papua soon.

@hussainali5669 Год назад

Hi professor, The world's hypocrisy especially, the USA, UK and Europe is explicit in the case of Kashmir. The world was interested in Timor because of its Christian population and the only Christian state. Kashmir was occupied by India and genocide is still going on but UN is sleeping. because Europe , USA and UK have stakes and morality is not something matters in International Relation.

@azuaraikrezeul1677 Год назад

e.timor=singapoor

@DaengKulle795 2 года назад

It doesn't mentioned anything that what happened actually was civil war and Indonesia had to invade because they keep sending refugees to west timor. Timor leste was so good playing victims in fact they were the one who killed their own people and their rebellion act was funded by Australia who stole their oil after they got independence nice one.

@amorsemlimite4427 2 года назад

This is just a false accusations trying to hide the truth. Typical Indonesian.

@DaengKulle795 2 года назад

@@amorsemlimite4427 false accusations? So why there are now 200 thousands east timorese refugees still living in Indonesia? Why your country does not take them back? Because they were those who against communist Fretilin in 1975. Fretilin changed their ideology to nationalist to gain support from the western country in 1984 and they never wanted to admit that they were communist once. But all clues were still there like east timorese flag, the name of the county republic democratic and their close relation with Cuba.

@amorsemlimite4427 2 года назад

@@DaengKulle795 🤣🤣🤣go, read and understand about the history before you comment here, it is embarrassing yourself dude. How come you don't know the history🤣

@DaengKulle795 2 года назад

@@amorsemlimite4427 another ad hominem argument. No wonder your country is still poor having human resources like you 😂

@amorsemlimite4427 2 года назад

@@DaengKulle795 It is joking when considering your country is a rich country 🤣🤣day dream all the time 🤭

@FlagArmadaProductions 2 года назад

Free Papua

@shaniagunasekara8345 Год назад

Indonesia illegally occupied west Papua and East Timor East Timor people were killed, women were raped and their resources were looted Finally East Timor got independence. But, west papua is still under Indonesian occupation