How Do Hydrogen Fuel Cells Work?

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Hydrogen fuel cell cars seem great: hydrogen and oxygen in, nothing but water out. But if that hydrogen comes from dirty, carbon-emission spewing power plants, your sustainable car might not be so green after all. #fuelcell #electriccars #emissions
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Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Alex Dainis, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Jay B. Benziger, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Sources:
How internal combustion engines work
www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/....
www.caranddriver.com/features...
www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/....
Hydrogen combustion engines
www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogen...
www.motorauthority.com/news/1...
Fuel cell chemistry
afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/how-...
Natural gas reforming
www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells...
96% of hydrogen made from fossil fuels
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/f...
The production of hydrogen for all kinds of industries, not just fuel cells, is responsible for 830 million tonnes of carbon dioxide each year
www.iea.org/fuels-and-technol...
Energy production more efficient at a central plant
www.forbes.com/sites/enriqued....
EV more efficient than fuel cell
theconversation.com/hydrogen-...
Benefits of hydrogen powered cars
www.lexology.com/library/deta...
Green methods of producing hydrogen
www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/consumer/h...
www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells...
What is U.S. electricity generation by energy source?
www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.ph...

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7 дек 2021

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Комментарии : 472

@ACSReactions 2 года назад

If you’re going to drive a fuel cell car, you need a way to carry around all that hydrogen. Currently, that’s done with big, bullet-proof gas canisters. But metal organic frameworks (MOFs) could someday be more efficient storage solutions. We talked about MOFs in our recent video on extracting gold from seawater: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-j5eomDz4Z0E.html

@guidogaggl4020 2 года назад

nice that was one of my questions. Pure H2 somehow brings some negaitve associations with it. Hindenburg Images sit deep even if containment procedures improved since then . Gotta have a look at that video than

@shaneoneill2254 2 года назад

U need to make one that is on demand, making more then enough, simples

@MathieuDeVinois 2 года назад

One could use Armonía. It would contain even more H2 than H2 itself compared by volume. Also a German university created a gel like substance what could store H2 cheap and sustainable. One would then fuel the care with water and separately that paste. Interestingly, they claim that if one extracts the H2 from that paste actually H2 (from the water) is created as "waste" in addition. So one gets more H2 out of that paste than one stored in it. Which is also a brilliant way to lower H2 production costs. -- sadly I haven't heart anything new about Armonía or that H2-paste lately.

@tauceti8060 Год назад

What about mining the gas Giants for hydrogen

@rolo5782 11 месяцев назад

Metal hydrides shouldnt be so expensive, but still weighs less than a battery im sure. Hydrogen is the future

@ClarkyXPH Год назад

Just started looking at this subject and I found that you covered a large array of topics very succinctly making it easy to understand and consume. Thank you very much.

@dwaynezilla 2 года назад

I wasn't expecting that fan to start up so quickly and spin so quickly as well! Very nice. Sure it used up all the hydrogen, but there wasn't very much to begin with, and at the power level shown it makes sense that it was used up fast!

@albertolando5268 2 года назад

Great video as always! Really engaging and with the right amount of detail to help understand the topic while still going straight to the point. Personally, exactly as I wouldn't give up on hydrogen even though (as for now) much of it is made from steam reforming, I also wouldn't give up on carbon as an energy carrier; I really hope that projects like Eni's Ecofining (hydrogenating oils up to actual green diesel) take off (as processes they go with a single reaction straight from biomass to fuel, so they are also quite energy efficient), but maybe some breakthroughs in mass oil production (like algal oil mass production) are still needed to render carbon-neutral carbon-based fuels an economically viable option!

@robienjustinedejesus4269 11 месяцев назад

Great simple explanation of how Hydrogen Fuel Cells work and a little bit of an overview of the process of Electrolysis. Great vid as well!

@udonwadon2045 Год назад

Love your explanation and I feel like there are definitely optimizations we can do to make it efficient for hydrogen fuel cell unlike how a lot of people are being downers at Toyota investing into hydrogen without understanding. I like how you broke down the cost of producing and transporting hydrogen but if we could make those efficient, i think the future is looking amazing.

@alec4672 Год назад

This was super helpful to me, I'm into electronics and know quite a bit but I guess hydrogen fuel cells just passed me by. I never paid any attention to them thinking they were out of my realm of obtainability. I never knew I could just buy a small one to play around with and this was a very good in depth introduction 🤙

@JusticeAlways Год назад

NASA's use of them during the Apollo space program caught my attention. 👍

@vincecox8376 Год назад

Learn that the center of a magnet is by far the most powerful part!! Just as it separates N and S it can also do much more. If VIBRATED at the correct frequency it can separate the H2O

@EL-bw3xe 9 месяцев назад

sounds like some ed leedskalnin information right there@@vincecox8376

@nemuzko Год назад

I wish our government had even a little bit of the intelligence and knowledge this person has. Awesome video!

@jamesvandamme7786 4 месяца назад

"Our government" does, but the average politician hasn't a clue.

@XtroTheArctic Год назад

I wonder... Have I ever watched a better explanatory video on any subject than this video??? I don't think so. At least, I don't remember one. Thank you for the amazing video!

@user-de3ez9lf3e 3 дня назад

Thanks for your explanation and teaching

@d.i.y.erjohn494 Год назад

This is a great video. I am in the auto supply industry and heavily involved in electrification. We are also tracking Hydrogen, as it will be more sustainable for long haul trucking. I would love to see a similar video breaking down the true carbon footprint and effect on the earth that EV is creating. We seem to only be looking at zero emission output from the vehicle, but ignore the impact on the front end.

@jacobekker 2 года назад

I work for a transportation agency as part of a group researching our future fleet (alt fuel busses). Fuel cells have very appealing traits, but from the perspective of building out infrastructure, this technology has a lot of maturing to do. A transit agency using this to power a fleet would need either very convenient hydrogen stations nearby (3rd party operated), or the agency would have to build out infrastructure to make their own fuel. That raises questions about mission creep for a transit agency's role and quite a few sunk costs for safety provisions alone. Keep in mind as well, compressed natural gas busses must be re-certified by a qualified 3rd party before returning to service for any collisions over 4-5mph. I'd imagine similar safety requirements for vehicles carrying compressed hydrogen. That's just one more drop in the bucket where fuel cells' impressive initial features are 'watered' down in real world operating conditions.

@hafizzulqarnain5379 Год назад

Thanks for explaining fuel cell in the easiest way

@StrapDLBStyle Год назад

Great video. It's easier for regulatory agencies to stay on top of power plants than individual vehicles. Also in power plants we can capture / filter/ scrub pollution's from the plants much easier than individual combustion engines. Electric, hydrogen electric, renewable fuels like biodiesel are all what's needed. We have areas in the US the naturally exhausts a ton of hydrocarbon gas, might as well use it to produce power then to just have it gas off into our atmosphere. All in all leaving the O&G to shift it's focus into power or newable fuel generation is the absolutely correct thing we should have been doing decades ago instead of trying to immediately replace them. Especially with the fear of losing our hydroelectric dams in the water states of US.

@dianapennepacker6854 8 месяцев назад

I agree with you for most of it except for bio fuels. They are a scam! Seriously they are not eco family due to how much it takes to grow the corn. From water, to nutrients to the land it requires. It just isn't efficient or a good use of our resources even if they burn cleaner. There are better options overall.

@sureshkanna1159 Год назад

Nice DIY fuel cell you have shown. So how many minutes it took to produce the required hydrogen from solar.

@dwaynezilla 2 года назад

Hydrogen could probably bootstrap itself through grid-scale storage projects. The nature of storing hydrogen and the purity requirements for the fuel cell are something that wouldn't really matter a lot at a power plant (just another thing they have to monitor and control), but those requirements are a pain in a mobile application like in a car!

@devluz 2 года назад

0:24 That is some great commitment by the presenter. Almost lost an eye to showcase some chemistry!

@AlexDainisPhD 2 года назад

I'm nothing if not dedicated to the experiments!

@greglumley8249 Год назад

Great video! Thank you.

@Little-bird-told-me Год назад

This is the best science channel I ever found

@cruisinonmybizzle Год назад

The efficiency of the power plant is true but what she did not mention is that there are considerable transmission and distribution losses from electrical power plants. Their efficiency and a car’s efficiency wind up being about the same. Excellent video none the less!

@fatsquirrel75 2 года назад

I work for a green hydrogen producing company. Pretty exciting. Hopefully this becomes huge (I'll be rich 😂).

@emmanouilachladiotis5272 11 месяцев назад

Where can we invest ?😂

@saltydogg 2 года назад

By pumping oxygen into oil wells we can oxidize the crude and separate hydrogen from carbon while its still in the ground. The hydrogen can be extracted through a filter and mineral ions can be added to the carbon dioxide to create a solid carbonate that just stays in the ground. Does anybody have any ideas to get rid of some billion dollar oil refineries?

@mikeconnery4652 9 месяцев назад

Excellent production

@danielbarron9466 11 месяцев назад

Great video to let you know how a fuel cell system works. 😊

@sebastiand9 Год назад

What happens if you don't use water at all, but just suck air through the cell, by using an air pump? Does that result in very dry O2?

@Noneblue39 2 года назад

Very informative!

@jameswhatsit 2 года назад

Please more hydrogen fuel cell content!!! As methane is a greenhouse gas itself, are the CO2 emissions of the conversion process to H2 less than just burning the methane? If so, it could actually be an amazing tool to allow governments to convert gradually (ie. build bulk hydrogen fuel cell infrastructure, and supply it with H2 produced via methane conversion, but gradually convert your H2 production to solar/electrolysis and bio-production over time).

@MrTruckTube 4 месяца назад

Great Video, don't worry about the existing way we use H² clean ways are available and are scaling up rapidly. It will all be made using 100% Green methods eventually. This will take time but none the less we are finally heading in the right direction to 100% Green which is the ultimate goal! Renewable resources are growing everyday. Thanks for such a fun and great learning video.

@hmongia01 Год назад

Nice interesting Video, can you share the link, from where you get this smaller fuel cell used in the video

@roshanlalsharma3995 9 месяцев назад

@ACSReactions, which pem has been used in your fuel cell ? I worked on Fuel cell in my University, will be happy to see more detailed video of fuel cell component kinetics.

@shannone9000 Год назад

Another good outcome of replacing combustion engine cars with hydrogen fuel cell cars that wasn't mentioned could be reduced vehicle pollution within cities --> better health outcomes and quality of life. Maybe the future is to switch all shorter distance city driving to EV/hydrogen, but we keep combustion vehicles for long haul transportation. Thanks for the super informative video, in just 8 minutes you answered most of the questions I came with! Also loved the demo!

@durragas4671 2 года назад

What a great video! I just found out about the Toyota Mirai and became interested. It uses a fuel cell, but I can't find why it can't be used in reverse, plugging it into the mains to produce hydrogen overnight. Anybody know more?

@Mr371312 Год назад

Added cost & weight to vehicle, added complexity and low efficiency vs industrially produced hydrogen. You can make oxygen at home technically very easy, look up "hho generator"

@filipe_brito Год назад

what elements did you mix in the water for the reaction to take place?

@RandomGuy0022 Год назад

This helped me Alot!

@hovercraft313 Год назад

CNG Fuel cell pros and cons , will be a good topic and more practical

@kaursinghi6030 8 месяцев назад

What an amazingly produced video. No unnecessary talk. All the useful and important talk and well explained.

@gert_kruger 11 месяцев назад

You have to compare apples to apples. What is the C02 release for battery production?

@gkhreish Год назад

This is a great video, I would love to learn your view on the lifetime carbon impact of the production of an electric vs hydrogen vs traditional combustion vs PEHV I have seen videos and articles claiming that if you take into account manufacturing and recycling costs traditional combustion and PEHV are the best over their lifetime. Electric being the worst? I have no opinion or data on this, would love to hear more information on this topic that is unbiased.

@webapprequiringsign_in3406 9 месяцев назад

How was it that the hydrogen remained in beaker (and didn't escape) as you disconnected the solar panel to connect the dc motor?

@barachielling8245 Год назад

Great video!

@melaniemallette8260 Год назад

Hydrogen could simply be made at any hydro electric dam like James bay or Hoover dam through electrolysis. The hydrogen could then be sent through an additional cables system with the existing infrastructure of the power lines than sold to hydrogen stations at gas stations or to individual houses for profit for the power plants and then taxed for the Government.

@scottbarber9374 11 месяцев назад

Why do the positively charged protons flow through the membrane to the positively charged cathode?

@mdrafiqul3358 5 месяцев назад

Thank you.

@cavemann_ 22 дня назад

Thank you :)

@harleyjordan7668 Год назад

Can you give us a like to where we can buy the tiny fues cell? What power can it output?

@sandracordoba6090 Год назад

Great Explanation

@ACSReactions Год назад

Glad you think so!

@Blue2x2x 2 года назад

I don't know if there's any reasons not to but why not use geothermal methods or heat from open volcanoes?

@eduardodaquiljr9637 7 месяцев назад

Will it not frozen the fuel cell since hydrogen at liquid state is around-257 deg.Celsius?

@josepeixoto3384 Год назад

Thanks; liked & subscribed; »»»»»that immersion of 2 electrodes directly from the solar panels into water to get the H and O2 may be interesting..

@akinolaemmanuel3968 9 дней назад

Is there a way to get a mini hydrogen fuel cell likr the one you just showed us😊

@seanrogers8355 Год назад

How much does that fuel cell cost? How many Watts were consumed when powering the fan? Given an infinite supply of hydrogen and oxygen, how long will that fuel cell last?

@robertogambaro3401 7 месяцев назад

Very clear lecture! Question though: why not using the electricity produced from the solar panel to charge car batteries ? Is it less efficient than a fuel cell?

@logitech4873 6 месяцев назад

That's much, much more efficient. But it's not the point of this video.

@rajguru97 6 месяцев назад

Is this product available commercially? I mean how to buy this tiny fuel cell

@macky0140 3 месяца назад

Av no idea how i ended up here but love it

@MhdAliAlashkar 25 дней назад

حياكِ الله محتوى مفيد

@XSpImmaLion 2 года назад

That propeller is still flying somewhere out there... xD

@ACSReactions 2 года назад

If anyone finds Alex's fan propeller, please mail it to our Washington, DC office.

@500features 2 года назад

Can you guys go a video on lithium mining and rare earth metals in general?

@kleofernandes1991 3 месяца назад

Hi could please send me the link of the fuel cell your using here as i desperately need it for conducting an experiment

@bammalife8387 Год назад

Real science……. Thank you

@ricardasist 2 года назад

Why is anode negative and cathode positive? Arent they supposed to be the other way around?

@ilookatnews9745 11 месяцев назад

How was your solar panel made and how will you dispose of it at end of life? How do you refine the materials for your battery , how do you dispose of the battery, how long does the battery last and how do you make the electricity to charge your battery right now.

@radostinvasilev599 5 месяцев назад

Link to buy the kit, please?

@polagerges8336 Год назад

please. Where can you get all this components?

@davidwentzel1560 6 месяцев назад

This sounds perfect for stuff like wind and solar which arnt as reliable you can stockpile hydrogen and use it as needed

@13965082 10 месяцев назад

Sorry you can’t use linear motion as I got marked wrong for using that term in my apprentice test by the marker. You have to use “reciprocating motion”.

@aguyinavan6087 4 месяца назад

where did you get ath fuel cell?

@shaneoneill2254 2 года назад

Designing a wet or dry cell, U must make them, perform, in it own area. So to do this, it must have the most area, of surfaces, and facing the right way.

@avicool1 11 месяцев назад

What is membrane material of construction

@mattharvey8712 7 месяцев назад

Bravo.........now build one.......full circle.......or also none as a ion transfer membranes.........and how they make them........cheers

@bongkumtim420 10 месяцев назад

great video and informative. and there we go, there is no renewable energy at all. EV use mineral that need to mine as well

@jamesvandamme7786 4 месяца назад

EV batteries are recyclable, and there is plenty of lithium in the world. Making green hydrogen, and hydrogen fuel cells are much less efficient than just charging a battery with the same electricity. Hydrogen cars are electric cars, using a battery and motor for regen and even out the output of the fuel cell. Basically they are a terrible idea, with the only advantage being faster refuel time. Batteries being developed cut that advantage way down.

@allanallansson9532 8 месяцев назад

Does the fuel cell contain iridium and platinum? If so, would scaling this technology be possible with the availability of these exceptionally rare metals? If this is a real problem, would it really help if the hydrogen was "greener"?

@BlurryFace-zz2ro 2 месяца назад

Lol, most of that went over my head but the fan trick was or pretty cool.

@sum1sw 7 месяцев назад

4:02 "...natural gas is reacted with high pressure steam..." The process actually favors low pressure. Low pressure gives higher conversion. Take a look at Le Chatelier's principle.

@jabadahut50 4 месяца назад

It'd be added weight and complexity, but I wonder if it'd be viable to just build a closed loop hydrolysis system INSIDE the car that runs off of electric car chargers. You'd lose the refueling speed benefit, but you'd gain the benefit of a vastly greater network to refuel from. The extra weight might reduce your range a bit, and you may need to top up the electrolyte and water occasionally, but I think as long as the complexity and weight isn't too much it'd be a viable way to do hydrogen fuel cell cars.

@ts25s.prabhavathi66 Год назад

How much does this fuel cells cost? And how much energy (in KWH) is produced from 1 kg of hydrogen.

@HashknightGaming 8 месяцев назад

Couldn't we harvest the hydrogen from a nuclear power plant?

@SampannaAryal 10 дней назад

Harvest? nuclear power plant dosent create hydrogen

@jengasias Год назад

So why can't you use an alternator to provide energy for electrolysis?

@petersellers9219 4 месяца назад

Thanks for the video. I like to ketchup on renewable sauces.

@ACSReactions 4 месяца назад

Alright-I loled

@vikeshsingh37 Год назад

Can’t believe that this video has just 1.1k likes. This is such a great and informative video. The demo was awesome!

@staceykersting705 Год назад

Everyone else is addicted to watching the Kardashians.

@anirudhsindha540 Месяц назад

Where can we get this fuel cell?

@Daniyoyo 11 месяцев назад

I am a hydrologist and I will say she is spot on with everything within her video outside of the concept , admittedly unspoken, that natural gas is dirty. Natural gas is actually extremely clean and is the cleanest of all fossil fuel types which is why it is used so heavily within the industry. Hydrogen cars compared to electric cars within all supply chains considered , electric cars are very “dirty “ especially through the mining process and still using gas to produce the electricity at every fill up. Hydrogen technology has greater potential to be cleaner throughout the entire process

@blavkadam2153 4 месяца назад

So you are going to need to depressureize it constantly, or use low pressure = less torque. In the event the depressureizers get clogged/fail, you want a backup, because if the hydrogen goes past a certain temperature, 50 molecules = 3 mile blast radius, and what you would be using is a lot more than 50 molecules

@donalddeschamps1 8 месяцев назад

Where can i get that tiny fuel cell?

@wendyking9759 5 месяцев назад

Decommissioned off shore drill rigs could all solar, wave and wind power as well to make hydrogen from the electrolytic ocean water

@san1368 Год назад

how can i find hydrogen fuel cell module ?

@avolink 5 месяцев назад

The problem with Hydrolysis is that it requires scarce and expensive materials, like platinum, but in theory, we could use nuclear reactors to directly power Iodine-Sulfur Cycle, then mixing this Hydrogen (Called Red Hydrogen) with atmospheric Nitrogen to industrially produce Ammonia through the Haber-Bosch Cycle (Called Red Ammonia), which can be mixed with water and easily transported there where it's needed, like metallurgical, chemical and fertilizers industries, seaports, airports, land transport terminals, and so on... That's what we call a Red Ammonia Energy Matrix... I'm actually working in an investigation project to simplify this Matrix and someday scale it up to industrial level, hopefully.....

@wendyking9759 5 месяцев назад

Photovoltaic superstructure and covered maglev win turbines as well

@kritikasoni3934 Год назад

Where can I buy one for myself

@JamesJohnson-kw9gh 4 месяца назад

Ok here is a thought .Electric car takes several hours to fully charge and burn it rather quickly and must be charged to continue to travel . Hydrogen car takes seconds to fuel from station and can be fueled while driving if set up to do so .1 takes a very heavy load off the grid while the other puts a heavy load on a grid that is heavly loaded, now what makes more since. Just a thought, what will you do when a governor tells you not to charge your car do to an overload on the grid.

@omegaman7456 Год назад

There are electric cars that use H/O fuel cells, as a battery, then there are internal combustion engines, that burn H2, usually stored in a metal hydride.

@johnnym6700 Год назад

Here is a question. At the point where the water is split into the two gasses how are the two gasses separated and sent to different sides?

@Shabbymannen Год назад

There is a membrane that is permeable to cations (positive ions), in this case H+, the positive hydrogen ion, but not to negative ions or neutral molecules. It's called a proton exchange membrane. When an electric charge is placed on the cell it splits the water and pulls the H+ ions through the membrane, reduces them (gives them electrons), and there is your H2 molecules. Using them for electrolysis is really running them in reverse, and I'm honestly not sure about the details, but that's the gist of it.

@jonohoffman5034 Год назад

pretty girl explaining some cool science 😊 it'll be interesting to see what they develope in the next 20 years as far as making these sorts of processes more efficient!

@ygjugrdgbjn777 Год назад

Interesting: So we can generate hydrogen in home using sun light and use the hydrogen after sun set!

@technocrat4613 6 дней назад

One more point. Have you ever seen a gas cylinder explode. The idea of a pressure vessel with enough hydrogen to get some running range, means a hydrogen storage tank could be a BOMB. Hydrogen vessels tend to leak. So we could see houses explode and vehicles burn like flare (EVs already can).

@s.h7124 Год назад

So do electric battery charging system from the grid and the grid power from where !!!????

@Sebastian_George 8 месяцев назад

I like internal combustion engines more than electric engines. The thing is engines are like musical instruments for me that singing notes/rhythms and then internal combustion engines sounds best. So if that works with hydrogen cells to fuel in the future with just water in exhaust gases, I'll be so happy to hear that engine singing music in my ears. 🔊🎼🎺🥁🎶💧🌲🇸🇪❤😁

@ndxinv933 8 месяцев назад

Isn't it easier to connect directly the solar panel to the fan?

@thryce82 2 года назад

If we used nuclear and fuel cells it would be golden. Huge problem with electric cars is that the electric grid is really inefficient. A lot of electricity is lost from resistance in the lines. If u are just simply using fossil fuels then my geuss would be it's more energy efficient to just run gas cars... But smaller more scale reactors and this storage tech would be a great solution

@nikolayputin4408 9 месяцев назад

I am a huge fan of hydrogen energy, and I appreciate how you explained its operation in the first part of the video. However, I would like to point out that the second part of the video contains some inaccuracies and misconceptions. There are methods to convert plastic waste, car tires, and other organic waste (from the oil industry) into hydrogen energy using a closed-loop process called Pyrolysis. If done correctly, this process will not harm the environment since there are no byproducts that are released into the air. Your video is a “fly in the ointment” since it takes a great concept and makes it look bad. Pyrolysis can convert oil spills or any products from fossil fuels into green energy using “Green Way” technology. This technology exists, but some corporations may want to create confusion around this great concept. Finally, we need to concentrate our resources on storing H2 in dry cells instead of liquid, this will resolve the storage issue and make it more convenient. As well as releasing it to the public.

@merlin1346 Год назад

Take a petrol generator with 110v and 240v output, from the 110v connect an invertor to use for the electrolysis cell to produce hydrogen/oxygen for the generator which can then run for free to produce 240v.

@jamesvandamme7786 4 месяца назад

As long as you steal petrol from somebody's gas tank, yeah, it's free.

@merlin1346 4 месяца назад

@@jamesvandamme7786 You obviously missed the point of what I stated. It starts on petrol then starts producing hydrogen/oxygen by its electrical output, the petrol is used up but continues to run on the gas it produces. A buck converter would be ideal for this.

@jamesvandamme7786 4 месяца назад

@@merlin1346 So, burn petrol in an engine, drive a generator that makes 240 VAC, feed an AC to DC power supply (with an ideal buck converter), run an electrolyzer to make hydrogen, then feed a fuel cell to make DC, then an inverter to make 240 volts AC? OK, now what kind of efficiency do you expect out of this?