How Pagan Was Medieval Britain?

Подписаться 276 тыс.

Просмотров 98 тыс.

50% 1

Did paganism survive all through the Middle Ages, as scholars once thought, remaining the religion of the common people, while the elite had embraced Christianity? Or did it die out earlier?
This lecture will consider a broad range of evidence, including figures in seasonal folk rites, carvings in churches, the records of trials for witchcraft and a continuing veneration of natural places such as wells. It will also compare ancient paganism and medieval Christianity as successive religious systems.
A lecture by Ronald Hutton recorded on 7 June 2023 at Barbican Centre, London
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:
www.gresham.ac.uk/watch-now/m...
Gresham College has offered free public lectures for over 400 years, thanks to the generosity of our supporters. There are currently over 2,500 lectures free to access. We believe that everyone should have the opportunity to learn from some of the greatest minds. To support Gresham's mission, please consider making a donation: gresham.ac.uk/support/
Website: gresham.ac.uk
Twitter: / greshamcollege
Facebook: / greshamcollege
Instagram: / greshamcollege

Опубликовано:

15 июн 2024

Ссылка:

Скачать:

Готовим ссылку...

Добавить в:

Мой плейлист

Посмотреть позже

Комментарии : 379

@anthonyvictor3034 11 месяцев назад

It is ironic to see the hostility among some observers to Prof Hutton regarding his interpretation of historical evidence. From what I have read, he is personally sympathetic to paganism. But his task is not to evangelise for the tradition but to explore a historical question. Such an approach should be judged according to evidence not personal preferences. He gives an interpretation of evidence and should be judged by the standard of his research and not by what we might like or dislike.

@Jumpoable 11 месяцев назад

Well I mean, Christians do NOT appreciate the history of Christianity, just the mythology of it.

@violenceislife1987 11 месяцев назад

Agreed

@Dischordian 11 месяцев назад

I didn't see any hostility - they were simply subjecting the matter to scrutiny.

@lacolocha75 11 месяцев назад

That really wasn’t hostility it was very polite academic discusssion!!

@johninman7545 10 месяцев назад

There's no debate. People used to debate not scream at each other

@JOHN----DOE 11 месяцев назад

Lovely to hear an articulate, rational scholar going into granular primary sources instead of pushing some wish-fulfilling ideology. Please keep it up. Real scholarship is endangered.

@sbentler6830 2 месяца назад

I could listen to Prof.Hutton endlessly. What a treasure! Even his asides are crammed with knowledge you just won’t find anywhere else.

@martinm.6459 11 месяцев назад

Even as a half German and half Hungarian guy (whose mother tongue is not English) is a joy to hear professor Hutton's beautiful and sophisticated English.Last but not at least his lectures are highly interesting !!! 👍 Greetings from Hungary🇭🇺

@madeinengland1212 8 месяцев назад

He is an arresting sight if you cross paths with him, as i did in Oxford one day. Totally unique style. Historical style but not reproduction. I think his dress says “we have something to learn from the past. Don’t throw it all away. “

@davidchurch3472 2 месяца назад

Have you ever noticed how, if someone else were speaking so slowly, it would be either frustratingly annoying, or soporifically boring, but Prof Hutton's inflections make it draw you in to a deeper interest and understanding, as we have longer to understand the information and take it in. It is a marvellous skill.

@melissarey2973 Год назад

Ooooo! A new one. So excited! I enjoy Ronald Hutton's presentations on these topics so much more than others out there. Thank you, Gresham, for posting and Ronald Hutton for another excellent lecture.

@trishriederer1857 Год назад

266 views in less than an hour.. He is a favorite of mine too

@stufour Год назад

Couldn’t put it better! Thank you Gresham!

@Padraigp Год назад

He's a Marvel....loved when he would visit Ruth and tom and Alex on their historical farms and provide for the social aspects1❤

@christophersmall4603 Год назад

And next year, Magic? Right on!

@GeorgeEH 11 месяцев назад

And keep them coming, Gresham College!

@jasonhatfield3084 Год назад

10 minutes in, and I already feel the urge to put on some Jethro Tull (Songs From the Wood; "jack o' the green") and some PJ Harvey ("sheela na gig"). Thanks for the new Ron video.

@seande1855 4 месяца назад

Thank you Gresham College , and thank you Prof.Hutton for all you bring us , but most of all just being ; You . Brilliant !

@authormichellefranklin Год назад

Love Prof. Hutton. What a treat his classes are! Please have him on again!

@SirVashtastic Год назад

Perfect lecture for the summer Solstice ☀️

@kellysouter4381 Год назад

Winter solstice here in Australia! Pork and apples. Pine, cedar, frankincense and juniper smells in the house. Giving of gifts, chocolate actually 😄

@benjaminwalker5750 11 месяцев назад

Superb presentation, well marshalled facts, arguing for a conclusion that is probably disagreeable to many members of the audience. Hutton is a great scholar, and we're lucky to have him.

@jrojala 11 месяцев назад

This talk was so enjoyable! I adore Prof. Hutton’s work and I love his style. Sincerest thanks for sharing it with us here. This midwestern millennial has the opportunity to benefit from talks I wouldn’t normally have access to simply because cool people share them online! It’s one of the few benefits I have noted as a person of a certain age… haha

@cookiessprite Год назад

Yes! I love the Prof's lectures. Thanks for giving us another one.

@giuseppersa2391 Год назад

Always exceptional to see our favourite Prof gracing us ❤😊

@llassahllassah3983 Год назад

What I like the most here is that the introduction to the lecture makes a point to acknowledge that there are beliefs and traditions which were misattributed to a pagan past but are still nonetheless important to people right now, so the misattribution has had an impact on how we now see the world. I cannot wait for a talk on Edwardian paganism, which was delightful!

@megamanusa5 Год назад

That was a great lecture! My tuppence observation is that it's interesting that although the names of Germanic deities are preserved in the days of the week, and in the festival of Easter, and of course we still have Roman months, this wasn't enough to protect the deities from being abandoned.

@Cat_Woods Год назад

I was hoping for an explanation for how these came to be preserved, despite the elimination of paganism.

@megamanusa5 Год назад

@@Cat_Woods I think Portuguese is the only language that replaced the pagan names of the week. The Portuguese must have been serious pagans to have had their days of the week taken away from them! Also maybe Russian does this as well.

@Cat_Woods Год назад

@@megamanusa5 Interesting, I didn't know that. Thanks.

@Neilhuny 11 месяцев назад

Prof Hutton explicitly excluded anything pagan absorbed by Christianity (26:18) and discussed only paganism where it existed solely as an alternative belief system.

@hughcrosthwait5497 11 месяцев назад

@@Cat_Woods Prof Hutton spoke briefly about this in the earlier lecture in this series about Anglo-Saxon paganism. It's at around 51.00 in that lecture

@HLBear Год назад

Thanks to Ronald Hutton and Gresham. I enjoy all of his lectures!

@thishandleistacken 11 месяцев назад

Every time I see this man I cant help but smile :) Thank you professor and thank you Gresham.

@barbararowley6077 Год назад

A Professor Hutton lecture is always a highlight! Fascinating and absorbing as always. Thank you!

@Mirrorgirl492 Год назад

Fantastic, fascinating. Professor Hutton, as always, had me hanging on every word.

@christopherhowse1217 Год назад

Bravo Professor Hutton, informative and entertaining as always!

@merlapittman5034 11 месяцев назад

Again, a marvelous lecture. Professor Hutton is just so very interesting and informative, and I really like his lecture style

@b.hammersley6247 11 месяцев назад

Being interesting isn't enough. You need to be accurate too. See my comments 7 days ago.

@susanscott8653 11 месяцев назад

What a delightful and educational lecture. Thank you so much.

@kimberlyperrotis8962 11 месяцев назад

❤ these history videos from Gresham College, more, please.

@peterzarelli1432 Год назад

Loved him on Philomena Cunk! And also this lecture

@alexwood3251 10 месяцев назад

I have thoroughly enjoyed professor Hutton’s lecture series. I eagerly await next years series.

@genier7829 Год назад

Thanks, I found the unraveling of symbols and created historical roots very interesting.

@Shineon83 Год назад

….A new Professor Hutton lecture? 1. Ringer “Off” …. 2. “Do Not Disturb” on Doorknob….3. Cup of Hot Tea in Hand……❤

@KevinArdala01 11 месяцев назад

These lectures were brilliant, enjoyed every single one of them. 👍

@MAPolomski 11 месяцев назад

On the matter of yew trees in church yards, I believe there is mention in Gerald of Wales of while doing a preaching tour to raise recruits for the Crusades that they were encouraged to plant yew trees for the making of Longbows.

@I_hate_roads 10 месяцев назад

Great as always, if but a bit strict in the definition of Paganism. A bit more emphasis on folklore and traditions would have painted a better picture

@Matlacha_Painter 2 месяца назад

Brilliant! I never knew Hutton during my time at Oxford although I saw him about town. He undoubtedly belongs in All Souls like the “rest” of the world’s best. Make me scream; “eureka!”

@thegroove2000 Год назад

This man's knowledge is very impressive. Thanks for this..

@jimbothewan 11 месяцев назад

Stumbled across this and thoroughly enjoyed this informative lecture.

@kellysouter4381 Год назад

My favourite lecturer. Always interesting, thank you.

@TheDailyWitch 9 месяцев назад

Fascinating! Dr Hutton always delivers well researched and informative talks.

@naomiseraphina9718 Год назад

Well, the story of an unbroken Pagan tradition may only be a fantasy, but obviously there has always been something that people have needed from the old Pagan ways. Something in our hearts kept them alive, if only as a sort of dream, throughout the years of their obscurity. The proof is that we, the Pagans of today, are here. We dance to the tunes of the Old Gods even if we have to compose them all ourselves. And thanks be to the gods that this is so!

@Wotsitorlabart Год назад

Sorry, but your 'Old Pagan Ways' are just 18th/19th/20th century made up stuff.

@MarmaladeINFP 11 месяцев назад

The beating of the bounds, wassailing, etc probably originated in paganism.

@Wotsitorlabart 11 месяцев назад

@@MarmaladeINFP No evidence for a pagan origin for either. Or the etc's.

@bugzyhardrada3168 11 месяцев назад

Considering that everything christians is unoriginal and derives from something and somewhere and someone else, I think it's safe to say all things have an unchristian origin. A plagerized, erroneous work of theological fiction is perhaps something that is best described as wholly unoriginal.

@bugzyhardrada3168 11 месяцев назад

@@xunqianbaidu6917 I'm not. Please explain what you mean?

@bearhustler 11 месяцев назад

Thank you for bringing up the facts about aging Yew trees.

@curtiswfranks Год назад

If Hutton, then click the like button.

@eamonnobroithe2988 Год назад

Wonderful lecture. Sheila-na-Gig is obviously an Irish term, I wonder if in origin it was "Síle an Ghogaide" (Síle on her hunkers)

@Padraigp Год назад

Oh well done you that makes a lot of sense.

@LuciThomasHardylover-qx6ts 5 месяцев назад

He did actually talk about how the image came from France and Spain, how the Irish developed their own story for her and earlier the usage of the Irish name.

@Woodwalker219 10 месяцев назад

Informative and very relaxing.I use to cure insomnia.

@rodeastell3615 11 месяцев назад

Excellent video ... well done Prof. Hutton.

@jenniferlevine5406 8 дней назад

Wonderful teacher! Thank you for sharing this!

@tracyrupp4882 2 месяца назад

Hi Ronald. I have a degree in horticulture and have never heard that Yew trees do not have rings. This is fascinating! Is it because of the density or growth rapidity of the Taxus wood or do rings develop, but they're just absent because the original trunk becomes gutted over time? Really intriguing. Sadly, there are few ancestral Yews in the US, but, fortunately, a very old one in Spring Grove Cemetery about an hour from me.

@rachelsanger8629 11 месяцев назад

Interesting to learn that church-going was not compulsory in medieval times.

@faithlesshound5621 11 месяцев назад

It all went wrong (in England) with Henry VIII. The church had gathered great wealth, so he seized it all for himself and his friends, while switching from being a devout Catholic to an equally devout Protestant. The religious nuts (on both sides) made church-going compulsory, but they never managed to hold onto power for very long. Fortunately the hard cases decided to emigrate to America, where they have been given their head to do their worst.

@rjmun580 11 месяцев назад

Thank you, another lecture both educational and entertaining.

@kaarlimakela3413 11 месяцев назад

Happy find! My dude! 😊

@louisemay974 11 месяцев назад

Thank you so much for sharing this wonderful lecture.

@mauroacastello6351 Год назад

Fascinating lecture!

@robertr7569 Год назад

Enjoyed this lecture a great deal.

@Benjamin.Jamin. Год назад

Fantastic as always. Thank you! It's nice to imagine a continuous line of folk tradition and paganism, but the evidence clearly doesn't bear that out.

@williambranch4283 Год назад

Irish Christianity, and Welsh and Scottish were considered barbaric while not under the control of Roman priests. Roman Christianity substituted the superstitions of one semi-pagan people for another. That underlying non-roman-ness fueled the heresies and eventual Protestantism all over Europe.

@Wotsitorlabart Год назад

Only in neo-pagan wishful thinking did it somehow survive. But then actual historical evidence is not one of their strong points.

@MarmaladeINFP 11 месяцев назад

The beating of the bounds, wassailing, etc probably originated in paganism.

@Wotsitorlabart 11 месяцев назад

@@MarmaladeINFP No they didn't.

@GoldenKaos 11 месяцев назад

@@MarmaladeINFP”probably” doing a lot of heavy lifting there

@jackdawes1965 Год назад

Always love the profs lectures My observation being a Brit is that we are and probably have never been a very religious population in general

@megw7312 11 месяцев назад

The Britons of the 1st century were apostolic Christians. The Anglo / Saxon arrivals eventually adopted Rome’s version (Augustine). It has been said that Edward 1st wore a Papal ring, etc., etc. So, whereabouts, and who, are the Britons in question?

@Vandelberger 11 месяцев назад

@@megw7312They also fought very hard to keep their Druid traditions alive, according to the Romans.

@grimble4564 10 месяцев назад

I think the British have never been big on centralized religion, but to me the point of this lecture is that people had very strong local traditions that were more concerned with everyday life than the abstract theology of the parish or monastery.

@edgarallenjoe6494 5 дней назад

@@grimble4564 I suspect this is true of a wide majority of people all over the world.

@Spielkalb-von-Sparta 4 месяца назад

Thank you very much indeed for this lecture! Coming from Germany raised in a protestantism area I never was exposed to any kind of the worshipping of saints. The connection between those and the former pagan polytheism was an eye-opener to me. This approach makes a lot of sense to me in understanding of the transition into the new religion.

@Vandelberger 11 месяцев назад

Well the first question brought up a whole new line of questions.

@graybeard101 5 месяцев назад

thank you well explained interesting and informative.

@treegoblin5479 10 месяцев назад

Great stuff , love it

@malcolmdouglas5476 Год назад

Superb.

@Albinojackrussel Год назад

Anyone who's interested in the stuff about medieval atheism/scepticism there is another lecture on this channel about exactly that. It should come up if you just search "Gresham medieval atheism"

@rachelsanger8629 11 месяцев назад

Yes, that's a really interesting lecture too!

@waynemcauliffe-fv5yf Год назад

Ronald does it again

@helenamcginty4920 Год назад

So nice to see Prof. Hutton drinking water from a glass rather than glugging from a plastic bottle.

@tbjtbj7930 11 месяцев назад

I wish I could remember where I read this, but whilst studying Hardy I found an account of a village an early 19c traveller had stumbled upon deep in the woods. To his amazement it had no church, no minister and the inhabitants 'knew nothing of the gospels'. The evangelisation of Britain seemed to have missed them out completely.

@kenofken9458 11 месяцев назад

That would be interesting to document. I think it's fairly unlikely as it's very hard to conceive of any area of Britain so remote and wild in that time period that it would have remained untouched by Christianity. It's a big island and prior to railroads had it's less traveled areas, but it wasn't like the farthest reaches of the Baltics or Siberia.

@tbjtbj7930 11 месяцев назад

@@kenofken9458 That's why I've remembered it. I suspect the writer might have been being a bit Romantic, and the villagers were just totally neglected by the local church. But without the source who knows.

@faithlesshound5621 11 месяцев назад

@@tbjtbj7930 You suspect the Victorian poet Thomas Hardy might have been "a bit Romantic?" I suspect he might have had his novelist's hat on at the time.

@kattkatt744 10 месяцев назад

This is an authors ghost story told at the fire place. The Sami where the last population to be converted into the Abrahamic religions in Europe. They where converted as late as the beginning of the 18th century and even with them living in the Arctic and many of them being nomadic as late as the 19th century, Christianity reached every nook and cranny of their society. That there would be a place in the the British Isles overlooked by Christianisation in 19th century is so extremely statistically unlikely that you got to guess that is exactly why the story was enticing for Hardy to tell because if he could get you to belive that he truly would be the master of storytelling.

@kenofken9458 11 месяцев назад

How Pagan was medieval Britain? Not as Pagan as Britain today😁

@PetroicaRodinogaster264 2 месяца назад

I would have thought that summertime was the very time that chimney sweeps would’ve had the most work. The fires not going would’ve made it so much easier to clean the chimneys, ready for the winter when they would be burning again, but what do I know?

@kristjiannne 2 месяца назад

My family celebrated May Day by going door to door with flowers and with a Maypole in the backyard.

@dominicrooney5638 Год назад

Invented tradition and the historicity of historical investigation - delicious!

@blackstonewielder19 8 месяцев назад

It might be worth studying saint's lives very carefully, because in other countries Christianized pagan gods aren't always as obvious as St Brigit. In Russia, a story featuring St Nicholas and St Elijah seems to be very much a Christian veneer over a story about the Slavic gods Veles and Perun respectively.

@johncourtneidge Год назад

Thank-you!

@user-pt3gi5ul2e 11 месяцев назад

Is Sheela Na Gig why "Sheila" is coarse slang in Oz?

@Y2KMillenniumBug Год назад

We started with the King and I, followed by my fair lady, then there is Oliver twist begging for food and Annie with Uncle Starbuck. Than there is the Sola scriptura from sound of music, oh let's not forget about Mary Poppins that warned about the Bank going bust. Hahaha

@lacolocha75 11 месяцев назад

As I understand it current academic view is that Sheela na gigs did not in fact come from france

@paulvonhindenburg4727 11 месяцев назад

There were prayers to Odin found in some north English Barn deriving from the 18th century.

@PILLOWKVLT 11 месяцев назад

source?

@paulvonhindenburg4727 11 месяцев назад

@@PILLOWKVLT I wish I could remember. Some book having to do with folk beliefs.

@ianchristian7949 11 месяцев назад

As always a very entertaining and informative lecture from D̶r̶ ̶W̶h̶o̶ ProfRonH but... I may have missed it as I was cooking dinner while listening but the title of the lecture on RU-vid was How Pagan was Mediæval (that's my style, what's yours?) Britain but there was no mention of Wales or Scotland. And the mediæval period is generally taken to run from the end of the Roman occupation to the start of the Renaissance, rounded to 500-1500 AD. So early mediæval Britain was very pagan.

@robturner3065 2 месяца назад

11:00 what? No one cooked or heated water all summer? As someone who grew up in a house with a Rayburn and remembers it blazing away all year...

@jean-lucpicard5510 11 месяцев назад

His voice is familiar. Has he ever been in a historical documentary about the English civil war?

@williampo8304 5 месяцев назад

Actually "Mary" is really the Goddess Juno whose Name in ancient Etruscan ( according to Cicero) means "She Who Aids" ...now known as "Our Lady of Perpetual Help".

@luminous3357 Месяц назад

➡️ So, the origin of the green man was medieval ppls belief in a wild man of the forest, and that belief just popped up out of nowhere? Puts me in mind of the subject of the archetypal wildman creature that appears in the folk history of many cultures across the world, a belief which goes far deeper into history than the middle ages and touches on the subject of sasquatch/yeti type entities. I'd love to see someone do serious research into the history of folk beliefs around this subject.

@gwynapnudd9199 11 месяцев назад

Welsh saints, reaching the parts you didn't know you had since the 5thC

@christiericardo3101 11 месяцев назад

Fantastic lecture!

@diegooland1261 Год назад

Isn't Pagan used to describe religious/spiritual practices pre-Christianity? If so, doesn't that make everyone pagan before the Christians came along?

@InTheRhettRow Год назад

Yes. Though it pertains more to the polytheistic religions brought in by Indo Europeans (Celts, Anglo-Saxons, Slavic, Greek, Latin) as opposed to the religions pre-Bronze age, though they were most definitely nature based polytheistic.

@jrd33 11 месяцев назад

The word Pagan was introduced in the 4th century by Christians to refer to people who aren't Christians. I wouldn't try to use it as a general term outside of Christian cultures.

@rachelsanger8629 11 месяцев назад

Not "everyone" ! there were already other religions like Judaism and Hinduism. Not everyone turned to Christianity.

@petrapetrakoliou8979 11 месяцев назад

Of course yew trees do have tree rings! This may just have been a slip of the tongue of Prof. Hutton. Every real tree of the temperate climate does have tree rings. Maybe he heard that it doesn't have any resin canals. Yew has exceptionally conspicuous rings that you cas easily count to tell the age of the tree... In churchyards they are often several hundred years old.

@BoerChris 11 месяцев назад

Only one thing I would take issue with: Would not May, and the beginning of summer, represent the start of the busy season for sweeps? After all, sweeps cannot do their work while hearths are in use.

@megw7312 11 месяцев назад

Not many chimneys in Britain in medieval times. In simple homes, the smoke wafted through the thatch or a hole in the roof.

@sarahmillard6401 11 месяцев назад

@@megw7312Prof Hutton in the lecture stated that the Jack-in-the-Green phenomenon started in London in the late 18th century, when most homes would have a chimney. It was not a medieval phenomenon.

@Wotsitorlabart 11 месяцев назад

@@sarahmillard6401 And in the warmer months no fires means no soot, means no work for chimney sweeps.

@Y2KMillenniumBug Год назад

And where is the fantastic garden? I don't see any yet. I think the bible was documenting places where you can find western food like Colliseums and Eden where you get western style food settings like those we see in the movies.. Western form of Acupuncture.

@CartledgeJohn 7 месяцев назад

I wonder if some of these folk traditions influenced the mind of JRR Tolkien? The Elvish realm of Lothlorien is ruled by a beautiful white-clad lady called Galadriel, whose husband Celeborn is a very secondary figure in the regime.

@Eriugena8 Год назад

Thanks but I'm not touching anything today unless it's Ron Hutton. Oh wait, it is!!

@16252 11 месяцев назад

cool thanks

@elizabethmcglothlin5406 11 месяцев назад

It seems that paganism just seeped into English Christianity in an organic way, with later crackdowns leading to a fragmenting effect.

@MrRobertFarr 11 месяцев назад

❤ As Pagan as The Witchfinder General !❤

@Y2KMillenniumBug Год назад

Now now that's why I said we are mixing true documentarian and mixing it with gaming role playing. The carpenter guy does have an actual person and face. I am sure Bruce Lee has it's origins. So dies Lucy, Twitty Birds Homer and Bart Simpsons family.

@violenceislife1987 11 месяцев назад

25:05 oh my

@violenceislife1987 11 месяцев назад

2:13 seems logical

@davepx1 3 месяца назад

Re the witch trials of the 16th-17th centuries (53:35), my understanding is that it wasn't Christian (at this stage Catholic) theology that mutated from the late 15th century, but rather that the cause of witch-hunting was taken up by some oddballs and opportunists in the face of opposition from the Church hierarchy, then adopted at the height of the frenzy by some local episcopal rabble-rousers and their Protestant counterparts as central ecclesiastical control waned during the Reformation, the authorities in Rome throughout resisting the notion of evil being able to manifest itself through human supernatural action. There may have been some dilution of the official line as the hysteria took off, but the pre-Reformation Church was unreceptive to such lunacy. I suspect Prof Hutton' would say much the same, and the formulation just came out a bit garbled in answering a question "off the cuff", as often happens.

@miyojewoltsnasonth2159 11 месяцев назад

4:30 The Sheela na Gig here looks a little bit like an alien. Do most Sheela na Gig representations have this alien-like appearance?

@asherroodcreel640 11 месяцев назад

Did you know we evolved from aliens just look at hithight man

@JelMain 11 месяцев назад

With no reference to Graves' White Goddess, Fraser's The Golden Bough, and the wider Victorian creation of a very rough estimate of history, there's no way to treat the possible fabulation fairly.

@kimberlyperrotis8962 11 месяцев назад

Oops, YT unsubscribed me! I fixed that right away.

@van3363 11 месяцев назад

How did my grandmother have a green man on her wall in 1968? In Missouri, USA. She did. And she called it such.

@chendaforest 11 месяцев назад

Well it was popular in Britain so it likely influence other parts of the English speaking world.

@van3363 11 месяцев назад

@@chendaforest well thats not matching the times in this video and it doesn't explain things like folk magic she and her friends taught me. Folk magic from Appalachian hills. Handed down generation to generation. The craft is real, always has been and servivives today.

@chendaforest 11 месяцев назад

@@van3363 I don't doubt that area has a rich tradition of magic, which likely had many influences.

@seastorm1979 11 месяцев назад

I`m sure that many old pagan customs and traditions survived in medieval Europe without people even thinking that they were pagan traditions! It`s well recorded that here in Finland the people brought bear pelts to churches as offerings and making other offerings to forest fairies and the Church had a really tough time convincing everybody that they were not supposed to do that! And many such traditions survived well into the 19th century. So people didn´t even think that they were doing anything "pagan", they were just doing what everybody had been doing all the time.

@adrianaslund8605 11 месяцев назад

Back in iron age roman times they straight up freaked the romans out. One time they made landfall and women were throwing themselves on them attacking them. So the romans cut them down. But then the women gathered in a pile and a briton came out of the woods with a torch and lit the pile on fire. They were greased up in pitch or something and the romans had unwittingly participated in human sacrifice. Which freaked the romans out.

@Y2KMillenniumBug Год назад

Now I don't know if they were supposed to look for Blockchain One or Two. Or 3? I dunno cause I am in hiding.