Hunga Tonga Volcano Update; A 90 Meter High Tsunami

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The destructive eruption of Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai which occurred in January of 2022 was the largest explosive eruption of the 21st century. New research into the eruption has revealed that the tsunami it generated was initially much taller than first expected. It reached a height of 90 meters or 295 feet, just missing the threshold required to be considered a megatsunami. Additionally, this paper revealed that there were indeed 2 separate tsunamis; one was generated by the shockwave and the other by pyroclastic flows.
This video is protected under “fair use”. If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at tccatron@asu.edu and I will make the necessary changes.
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Graphics of eruption dates are courtesy of the Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution. volcano.si.edu/
Images with a list of eruption dates have their dates sources from the GVP of the Smithsonian Institution.
Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers
Thumbnail Photo Credit: NOAA, Colorized by Hotspot.ai commercial license credits
Sources:
[1] M. Heidarzadeh & others, "Estimating the eruption-induced water displacement source of the 15 January 2022 Tonga...", Ocean Engineering, Volume 261, 1 October 2022, 112165, ISSN 0029-8018, DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112165 (paper is licensed under CC BY 4.0 as of the making of this video, was also given permission by the publisher to discuss this paper’s findings in depth)
[2] Díaz, J.S., Rigby, S.E., "Energetic output of the 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai volcanic eruption...", Shock Waves (2022), DOI: 10.1007/s00193-022-01092-4, CC BY 4.0
[3] Global Volcanism Program, 2013. Volcanoes of the World, v. 4.11.2 (02 Sep 2022). Venzke, E (ed.). Smithsonian Institution. Downloaded 10 Sep 2022. doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.VOTW4-....
[4] Global Volcanism Program, 2013. Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (243040) in Volcanoes of the World, v. 4.11.2 (02 Sep 2022). Venzke, E (ed.). Smithsonian Institution. Downloaded 10 Sep 2022 (volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn.... doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.VOTW4-...
[5] NOAA
Special Thanks to: Shane Cronin, @scronin70 (Twitter) for spectacular volcanic sunset photos
Creative Commons Licenses:
CC BY 4.0: creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Note: The main paper discussed in this video (noted as source 1) is currently licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license. Details about the water displacement, tsunami size, and confirmation of a meteo-tsunami are sourced from this paper.
0:00 Hunga Tonga Erupts
0:23 Size of the Eruption
0:43 Sound of the Eruption
1:43 90 m high Tsunami
2:30 Meteotsunami
3:07 Formation of the 2nd Tsunami

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23 май 2024

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Комментарии : 451

@GeologyHub Год назад

For those of you who are wondering how this compares to the initial wave height Krakatau produced in 1883; it is unclear. While the tsunami it generated was overall higher there is not enough information to rather exactly estimate its initial wave height.

@AussieDepresso Год назад

A question thats been on my mid since the estimated VEI 5-6 Eruption, would you be using this as the modern day equivalent to compare older volcanoes?

@joshuathecat-human1247 Год назад

I think hunga tonga volcanic heating caused worldwide droughts and wildfires and no Atlantic hurricane in August here.

@joshuathecat-human1247 Год назад

And forgot one thing. Very high heat in Europe.

@jjMcCartan9686 Год назад

@@joshuathecat-human1247 that's global warming & its been happening all over the world for years now .remember 3 years ago there was droughts ,fires in France, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Italy & Germany, then came the floods then the drought & wildfires in Western Russia so same again last year & now this year so its deffo not volcano related .would take a vei 7 or 7+ to really have an effect on the climate.

@christianbuczko1481 Год назад

That would depend on the depth of the seabed in that tight water channel, and be very difficult to estimate.

@niupala1739 Год назад

I live on the main island Tongatapu about 60km Southeast from volcano, and that explosion was the loudest thing I have ever heard. It was so loud it hurts. I not only heard it, I felt it. That shockwave was so strong it shook everything, the thick curtains of my house for a second looked as if someone punched it and it flung and almost hit the ceiling

@gilian2587 Год назад

I'm glad to hear that you're okay.

@marcouellette4671 Год назад

God bless you. I am very glad you are alright and still have your hearing.

@emeraldcoastgardensfl7323 Год назад

Thank you for sharing your experience. No one in the media talked about the sound wave that hit. Understanding what happens, and then in what order, and the causes, helps raise the knowledge level of everyone. Volcanos exist all over the world, and your eyewitness description can help those further inland understand and find shelter quickly.🙏💖

@barthchris1 Год назад

Wow! That had to be a terrifying experience but in hindsight it also had to be pretty amazing to be “ lucky “ enough to see such a incredibly energetic event and survive the tell about it.

@coreywagar3890 Год назад

Thats wild. Stay safe out there

@shayne109 Год назад

i recorded the pressure spike on my weather station in the south of England! this eruption was quite the event.

@MihzvolWuriar Год назад

Did you know it was the Eruption at the time, when your instruments reacted? Or, lets make it easier, did you know it was from an Volcanic Eruption, rather than this one itself? That spike must've been something unique, right? Like, someone told you one story of something like this happening but it's so rare you've never seen it.

@bsa45acp Год назад

I too recorded a small spike in the recordings of my personal weather station just north of San Francisco at a time consistent with the speed of sound and the distance of the eruption.

@patrick247two Год назад

My weather station also recorded a pressure wave. I live in the south Island of New Zealand.

@shayne109 Год назад

@@MihzvolWuriar yes I was aware of the eruption in real-time and the timing of the progression of the pressure wave from reports on social media so I was waiting for it.

@who-_-Cares Год назад

we felt it in Colorado too

@holtyshideawayhaatafu247 Год назад

As an eye witness who was there on the day of the explosion I can confirm the first tsunami arrived within 30 seconds of the explosion. The volcano was 60 km from us and that is an incredible distance for a wave to travel in such a short time. Foretunately this was what gave us and all the residents of Kanokopolu and A'hau the warning and time to get out as the first was was quite small and travelled only about 150 meters inland. No one was left in the area when the mega wave hit so there is no eye witnesses to the size it was when it hit. I can tell you though it comepletely destroyed our resort and every other resort on the Northwest coast and nearly all of the two above mentioned villages. One of our good friends was killed by the first wave and her husband who miracously survived and spent the night alone and injured in the bush and tells us in total he was hit by 10 waves altogether. To say there was only 2 waves is false. He would know how many there were.

@MJIZZEL Год назад

Wow. I hope he pins this comment. Sorry about your friend. I hope all is well with you now!

@joanhartmangoodknowledge7572 Год назад

No geological warnings ?

@N4CR5 Год назад

The waves would form as the plume left the seafloor and even possibly before, this is why they hit so 'soon' as the eruption, they came with the gasses travelling upwards through the water well before you heard/felt/saw anything. It was crazy loud in NZ here thousands of kms away I can't imagine what it was like for you over there. Sorry to hear of the loss and destruction but you will rebuild :) Cheers

@holtyshideawayhaatafu247 Год назад

@@joanhartmangoodknowledge7572 Well the volcano was having electrical storms above it almost every night for around two months before the explosion. No one seemed to be to concerned about that and with COVID restrictions there was not really anyone in Tonga with any expertise as to what this meant. The whole thing was a schmozzle as a marine tsunami warning was issued the day before and lifted on the day of the explosion. Perhaps if it were not for COVID there might have been some interest and some experts arrive to actually investigate what was ha ppening. You know that volcano was not there eight years ago and only emerged from the sea floor around seven years ago.

@Imtahotep Год назад

Malo e taulava

@peter5.056 Год назад

My cat here in Louisiana definitely heard the eruption. For about 10 minutes she was running from window to window inside the house, hissing, and freaking out.

@mistysowards7365 Год назад

The hunga tonga haapi volcano is an extremely scary reminder of the dangers of poorly studied previously thought extinct/dormant volcanoes pose. I think many are in agreement that these obscure volcanoes are ones likely to erupt fantastically but there's a true knowledge gap when it comes to advanced warning for these larger eruptions. The scientific community did amazing work in 91 & 92 as well as in S. America w nevado del ruiz I think which really warned the whole community of the disaster that di in fact happen. I worry about the usgs and cvo being slightly gun shy on volcanoes like mammoth mountain and clear lake because of the very noisy nature of the volcanoes. Great work thanks

@jakealter5504 Год назад

With Ruiz the problem was communication with the local government. The volcanologists got it right with Pinatubo when they realized that Pinatubo was likely going to experience a major eruption (due to ground inflation, huge gas emissions, and a growing lava dome). They issued a level 4 warning (eruption possible within 48 hours) began evacuation of the red zone. Pinatubo did begin erupting within the 48 hours, the only thing they didn’t account for was a category 3 typhoon hitting the area where Pinatubo was DURING the eruption

@TheAccidentalViking Год назад

@@jakealter5504 I remember that. Many of the resulting deaths weren't directly from the eruption, but from collapsed roofs when the water drenched the ash covered roofs.

@jakealter5504 Год назад

@@TheAccidentalViking it’s bad enough when you have to deal with just one major natural disaster but the philliphines got hit with two occurring at the same time and location

@nortyfiner Год назад

The USGS is relatively on top of things regarding American volcanoes, or at least the major ones. Canada not so much.

@yodorob Год назад

Future major eruptions should be as much in the public radar as future major pandemics.

@edwardlulofs444 Год назад

Lots of good, new information in this video. Thanks. A quick search found that in addition to the financial cost of $95 million, there were some causalities. My heart goes out to the injured and their families. I hope someone was able to provide some relief.

@pkd19 Год назад

That shockwave was also measured in The Netherlands,first the pressure rised by 1Hpa in 10 minutes,then it dropped by 2,8Hpa in the following 15 minutes.

@timothyjones9430 Год назад

I live in American Samoa on the side of the Island facing Tonga. We are about 700 miles away .. We heard the explosion and the harbor had turbulence in it all night .. But the tsunami wave was only about 3 feet. Not what I would expect to be honest. I live on a boat in the harbor here. I watched the entire thing.

@HenhousetheRed Год назад

For comparison, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami produced waves up to a height of 30 meters (100 feet), and the 2011 Tohoku tsunami produced waves up to 40 meters (132 feet) high. These are two of the most powerful tsunamis in the last 50 years.

@andreasknebel7453 Год назад

You can't compare these highly different Tsunamis with each other! The 30 m resp. 40 m were the highest Points the Wave was able to reach on Land. The 1958-Lituya Bay-Megatsunami hasn't got 520 m high Waves but the Water was pressed vertically upwards as it reached the steep Cliff and so it destroye4d Trees in more than 500 m height. It had an initial Waveheight of a few Dozen Meters but shortly before reaching Land this was fallen to just a few Meters. At Tonga you didn't have a high run-up of the Waves because of minor Steepness and the Factor that such Tsunamis loose their Force relatively soon. As you heard in the Video the Amount of moved Water was under 7 km³, during a Megaquake like 2004 or 2011 it's Thousands of km³, so their created Tsunamis destroy Coast Thousands of km away...

@swainscheps Год назад

@@andreasknebel7453 thank you for this clarification - I have always been suspicious of the that claim that the Lituya Bay tsunami waves were 500m high due to there being water damage that high up the mountain...never quite made sense to me. I'd love for @GeologyHub or someone to...er...dive deeper into the topic of tsunami wave height, because for me at least - there is a real disconnect between how tsunami heights get described versus what we see in the footage. Because when I see a number like "40m tall wave", I have an image of the giant breakers surfers ride off the coast of Brittany, or the North shore of Hawaii e.g. ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-QBVt8pzjnL8.html But when you see footage from Thailand or Japan, It's more like a slow motion surge...like a giant puts his thumb on the shore and slowly presses down on the dry land so that it gets inundated by the ocean. Why is that?

@swisstroll3 Год назад

@@swainscheps When a Tsunami reaches land, it’s height and flow is influenced by the shape of the coast as it arrives. The direction that Tsunami is coming from can make a difference as well.

@greenman6141 Год назад

@@swainscheps Wave height is different from run up. But talking simply about wave height ...The 30m tall tsunami of the Boxing Day disaster was not filmed. Those were the waves that hit Sumatra very shortly after the quake stopped. Not the very first waves. Some survivors were able to describe the height, by referencing its height by objects it hit. But everything was destroyed. In Japan there is only a small bit of video of the 100ft wave (could be taller, could be 40m), but it was so big it broke before getting into the bay of the city it destroyed...Kesennuma. The incredibly huge volume of water it brought into the city obliterated it. There's plenty of RU-vid footage. But of the 100ft wave. Only one camera is known to have captured that. The camera operator was standing on a high hill with a view far off shore and a lens that could shoot at a substantial distance. It's the classic "surfer" wave shape. But one can't get a feel for the size. To see the footage there is on RU-vid an upload of a tv programme about this wave and what happened to Kesennuma. The image of the wave is small and doesn't last long. There are plenty of videos of 60m waves very close to the shore of Japan and breaking. Which are totally effing terrifying.

@zeff8820 Год назад

The 30 meters wave from tsunami 2004 is actually the true height of tsunami wave with run-up 51 meters. While japan a 40 meters is just a run-up heigt not a tsunami wave height.

@M3rVsT4H Год назад

I've seen lightning flashes roll through the clouds of a storm.. And I've seen fork lightening hit the ground. But for a couple of weeks after the eruption, on the East coast of Australia, I observed several occasions where fork lightening arced it's way through a stormfront from horizon to horizon.. And I never saw it touch down. It was pretty spectacular.

@Wutzmename Год назад

*_This eruption actually warmed the planet by injecting so much water vapor into the atmosphere as opposed to a land eruption where ash and soot would cause a .5°c drop in temperature._*

@scottowensbyable Год назад

I was wondering if the Tonga volcano is contributing to the drought we are experiencing here in the American midwest. Also for how long.

@carlbenz9807 Год назад

@@scottowensbyable Same question I have for Europe and China. It is highly unusual that all continents on the northern hemisphere experience severe droughts at the same time. The water particles will stay in the atmosphere for 5 to 10 years. Water droplets are known to increase the temperature as increased cloud formation is one of the contributing factors for global warming. While some of the increase due to the explosion might be offset by ash, etc I would find it credible that the increase of water could, at least, significantly contribute to some of the changes in weather patterns. In case anyone found some research for this question I would be highly interested

@joelwillems4081 Год назад

@@scottowensbyable You live in Iowa? That's the only Midwest state currently with a bunch of counties in moderate drought conditions. The plains and west have more of a severe drought. I'm in the great lakes region and we should be rocking for a good fall harvest. Snow and winter temps should also be just average or maybe slightly more severe. It's really the best place to live in North America right now but most non-Canadians are scared of snow and cold so they move away.

@venuselectrificata Год назад

Climate engineering. It’s real. HAARP AND CERN

@scottowensbyable Год назад

@@joelwillems4081 checkout southwest Missouri

@davidc6510 Год назад

Wow that eruption continues to get even more impressive. Thanks for sharing!

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

Krakatoa or novarupta 🤔

@FarnhamJ07 Год назад

Another great little update; many thanks for making and posting it!

@cmcer1995 Год назад

Amazing that something so far away, and small by mass can cause such a large explosion that effected areas around the world. Good information.

@dr.floridaman4805 Год назад

The sun is MASSive

@b.6603 Год назад

I am amazed by how a few dozen meters can be such a huge difference. This eruption was very distinct because of the low depth of the caldera. A few dozen meters higher caldera would not have the huge amount of ocean water above the explosion and would result in a very different eruption. We might have avoided a volcanic winter by sheer luck.

@FSXgta Год назад

Isn't the parts we don't see extremely massive?

@wardaddy6002 Год назад

You ain't seen nothing.

@MarkDenovich Год назад

Heard it here in Pittsburgh, PA, confirmed by our security camera recordings and as a pressure spike by our weather station.

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

Krakatoa or novarupta 🤔

@SN-sv2oc Год назад

Can you share your cctv video on your channel?

@MJIZZEL Год назад

What was the time you heard?

@denverdubois5835 Год назад

Is there any way you could upload the security cam footage to RU-vid?

@MarkDenovich Год назад

Sorry the video has already rolled off the end of our local storage. I didn’t think to preserve it at the time.

@Ronin4614 Год назад

This is probably one of the most underrated eruptions in a long time. One report I came across stated that the mesosphere reversed flow for a bit caused by the water vapor from the eruption. Thank you for the continued updates on the Hunga Tonga eruption.

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

Vesuvius wipes

@williamm8069 Год назад

And global heating by 0.5°C by stratospheric water vapor which may be contributing to world droughts.

@PifflePrattle Год назад

I love hearing you pronounce Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai. I can't even write it without the aid of the copy function.

@davidianmusic4869 Год назад

I heard it in the country side east of Winnipeg Manitoba. A very clear low frequency thud right at the time the shockwave would have passed.

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

@Eperogi Limousine it was a vei 4

@lhaviland8602 Год назад

@Eperogi Limousine We don't know that. Information wasn't instantaneous in the 1880s like it is today so it could've been heard farther away but never associated.

@kevinwalas619 Год назад

I love your videos, I really do learn a lot from them!!! Thank you and keep them coming!!!!

@bohdanburban5069 Год назад

An injection of seawater into the mesosphere means that a lot of element and compounds were also delivered, among them: sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, iron, mercury, chlorine, iodine, bromine, fluorine, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and silica to name but a few. What effect this will have on global weather is anybody's guess.

@davidford3115 Год назад

And that is very significant. Already there is question about the amount of water injected into the Mesosphere by rockets sent to space, so I can't imagine what this volcanic eruption would do.

@TheDanEdwards Год назад

Roughly 100 metric tons of dust falls to Earth every day, so the mesosphere will have trace amounts of elements anyway.

@MJIZZEL Год назад

The entire table of elements will start raining everywhere. That's what effect it will have

@uuzd4s Год назад

WoW, fascinating stuff. I'm impressed at how well that known research methods have been pieced together to get these numbers. It gives something to compare this eruption with and puts perspective on how powerful this Volcano was.

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

Vesuvius or st Helens

@jackienaturelover9761 Год назад

Wow. Thanks for all this information. It was very informative. Greatly appreciated you sharing this.

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

Vesuvius or St. Helens

@mikeystrikes7203 Год назад

THX for the new info.

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

Vesuvius or St. Helens

@davidgrech4574 Год назад

Thank you for your update and hope you know how much I appreciate your channel. Bless you and hope you have a wonderful week ahead too 🙏🌎

@makaioh Год назад

Wow that Hunga Tonga Hunga Haapai keeps surprising me with data!

@paddyt4043 Год назад

Is everyone else getting as much of a laugh saying hunga tunga hugs ha~wapai as me 🤣🤣 or am I just childish 🤔

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

😂😂😂

@baluskisworld Год назад

I heard it in the mountains east of LA in Southern Ca. Sounded like a giant explosion. I assumed LA got nuked.

@ajl2232 Год назад

What did you hear,m

@ViriatoII Год назад

Wishful thinking 🤗

@paddyt4043 Год назад

A ye know some times ye gotta say, screw it, worse things have happened 🤭

@rastiga9196 Год назад

I believe you, I heard it in Glendale AZ. I was like whoa I hope that wasn't a supervolcano. My dog was freaking out. It sounded like thunder that lasted longer but was much lower in pitch. There wasn't a cloud in the sky.

@leetshots Год назад

Hoped*

@legobomber00 Год назад

I was in the state of Georgia on that day and my ears popped after this eruption. I was not travelling. I was sitting at a desk. It was a very loud pop. If not for already being a part of geology youtube I never would have related it to this eruption and never thought of it again. However I found out it erupted minutes later (after my ears popped and thinking it was weird that there was actual force in that pop like I was suddenly up a mountain)

@amaneyugihanako-kunofthesi8849 Год назад

Come to think of it, I didn't hear any explosion, but I also recall an "ear-ringing" noise in my ears at around 12:00 in the Afternoon (Which would have been around 3 or 4 at Tonga).

@MJIZZEL Год назад

How long after the eruption did your ears pop? Guessing you aren't implying minutes later as when you found out about the eruption. Took the sound hours to travel to closer places to the eruption.

@legobomber00 Год назад

@@MJIZZEL correct. The timing was that my ears popped, I thought that was weird, and then minutes later I found out that it had erupted well earlier than I was finding out. That might I had worked out the timing that night but I can no longer remember the time stamps.

@mariapark2374 Год назад

Fascinating, thank you for the technical information. 🙏🏼

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

Vesuvius or St. Helens

@joystone5793 Год назад

Once again, I have enjoyed another professional lecture that helps me better understand my world and the processes at work in it. Thank you so much for the time and effort you spend preparing these succinct presentations.

@claraallen12 Год назад

excellent presentation!

@brentwilbur Год назад

Yup. I heard that shit in Reno, Nevada. I was outside toking and heard what I thought was a major explosion. I went inside and started continually refreshing a local news website, looking for information. Eventually, a different website had a breaking story about Hunga Tonga. I was astonished.

@nortyfiner Год назад

Many people have compared this eruption to the climactic blast of Krakatoa, but I'm now wondering about a different comparison: the Minoan eruption of Thera.

@N4CR5 Год назад

Probably closer to Taupo than any of the smaller modern stuff.

@aron1332 Год назад

@@beepthesheep867 explain

@mnamber Год назад

Most amazing! Thank you! ✌️❤️

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

Krakatoa or novarupta 🤔

@barthchris1 Год назад

To those that are reading and heard the shockwave pass, did you know it was coming in advance? I’m kicking myself in the ass because I knew the eruption occurred, I knew a massive shockwave was propagating across the globe but it hadn’t yet passed my location near Washington DC. I actually had a fleeting thought that perhaps I could hear the explosion when the shock passed but I quickly dismissed it as not possible. Turns out it very well could have been possible. Many variables to account for such as mountains, atmospheric conditions but my barometer clearly register the pressure wave passing my location. Basically, there was a pretty good chance I could have heard it if I actually listened for it. Hell, I probably did hear it so did almost everyone else but it was just ignored as normal background noise of a aircraft or large truck passing.

@kimberleypex Год назад

Thanks . Explanation is great

@irishtino1595 Год назад

Wonderful update, nature never fails to astound.

@eternalfizzer Год назад

Wow! I learned something new today: meteotsunami was not in my lexicon. Thanks for this!

@WindTurbineSyndrome Год назад

Fascinating how shock wave created a small tsunami by atmospheric pressure. Very interesting article.

@pon2oon Год назад

Thanks!

@GeologyHub Год назад

Thanks for your support! I hope that you do not mind if I give you a shoutout in a future video with your name! (If you say yes that I will give you a shoutout :D). You are definitely my channel's biggest financial supporter on RU-vid.

@matthewabln6989 Год назад

Incredible.

@jessicamorgan3073 Год назад

Wow! Thanks

@scillyautomatic Год назад

Wow! This has been a fascinating eruption. Thank you., GeologyHub for all the info!

@SpaceLover-he9fj Год назад

Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai continues to give us more surprises ! That was a massive tsunami, and the meteo tsunami produced by the shockwave of the HTTH eruption reminds me of the extremely violent Hatepe eruption of the Taupo supervolcano. When the massive eruption column produced by the eruption (37-55 kilometers high) collapsed, it collapsed so violently and rapidly that it might have caused a shockwave, forming a meteo tsunami over areas of water. The eruption would later produce massive and violent pyroclastic flows that covered 20,000 square kilometers of the North Island of New Zealand. Finally, I am still seeing beautiful sunsets, They ranged from Fuschia to Maroon in color !

@N4CR5 Год назад

When you drive around NZ you can see the layers left by Taupo. Meters thick hundred+ km away... you ain't escaping that death rain even in a bunker you are going to die because you can't open your door... Was 25cm of ash/ejecta 1000km away on a remote island... enough said.

@sunstrikersunchild233 Год назад

The sunsets have been pretty awesome this winter in nz 🥰

@MihzvolWuriar Год назад

And the dramatic sunsets are still occurring, just caught one last night, here in Brazil.

@bens4446 Год назад

The Hunga Tonga blast has to be much greater than the ~4-18 MT NASA estimate. The cloud diameter was ~90x that of the Castle Bravo bomb (a 15 MT blast); and the crater about 10x deeper. Also, Castle Bravo did not produce a "meteo-tsunami".

@SaoGage Год назад

Do you think this unusual eruptive style should be called “Krakatoan” or “Super Surtseyan” or something similar? It doesn’t quite fit the other categorizations outside phreatoplinian, but that’s inadequate to capture HTHH as well. Krakatoa was larger and played out a bit differently, but was similar enough I think it should be used as the “base” for a new style of eruption with HTHH as the second known example. Like Pele and Pelean (lateral blast) eruptions or Vulcano and Vulcanian. What do you think? Fascinating eruption this was! Thanks for all the good content on it.

@justinsmith4562 Год назад

Shut up

@bnic9471 Год назад

Call it hungatongahungaha'apainian.

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

@@bnic9471 too long

@davidford3115 Год назад

I do think there should be a seperate scale for underwater volanic eruptions. However, this one certainly was the equal of the Krakatoa eruption.

@hamstsorkxxor Год назад

There are also some other known Krakatoan style eruptions, the Mediterranean volcano Thera/Santorini blew up a spectacularly during the late bronze age, circa 3500-3600 BP.

@geangama Год назад

They said at first that it was a mere vei4 or so, I mean not here in this documentary, but scientists the months after the event. But when you see the blast from space, it is pretty clear the cloud is the size of an entire country! When I saw the size of that thing, I couldn't help but think about Yellowstone or Campi Flegrei or Taupo. It's a behemoth! A once in a lifetime event is an understatement! I now believe, explosion itself was as big as a supervolcanic eruption, but it did not throw as much tephra as one of those (actually, it was far, far lower volume). Just that given it was undersea, that reaction of magma and seawater made it blow with a supervolcanic force, without the massive tephra volume a supervolcano would spew.

@scottowens1535 Год назад

Really enjoy your information, Geology is awesome and spectacular. Never ending changes and we look for Clue's and and make inferences from what we find but never actually know the details. A never ending story! P.s. that 6 to 11 time's bigger than St Helens freak's me out!!! I Was right there when it blew it's top and being logger's we knew the roads and went closer. If I'd have been that close on the North side, I'd still be there! We we're looking up at it one Ridgeline from the snowline. Audacious in our ignorance 😉😂😎 K 😙 K Gonna Sub 👍

@michaelw.urbansr.8617 Год назад

Hey i am new as in brand new and havnt even had a chance to look around your page? But i would love to see a weekly update on all active volcano's including Yellowstone. If one of the currently active mega-volcano's go's off we are all up the creek for a while! So it would be good to know how they are progressing? thanks great video

@bigfootsboggybottomlodge4954 Год назад

All that vapor in the stratosphere might be why I'm seeing so many flooding rain events.

@CptCloseCall Год назад

its amazing how when the tsunami finally reached the U.S. mainland, it was measured in inches. it dissipated so much.

@jayyyzeee6409 Год назад

A Hunga Tonga burnin' love!

@peterschmidt1453 Год назад

It's astounding just how deep the crater is now at 750m!.

@Speeder76 Год назад

I know that you have talked about some african volcanoes, I miss some videos about Pico do Fogo volcano, in Cape Verde. After all, it erupted in 1995 and 2014-15 and made some damage, specially in Chã das Caldeiras village. Thanks!

@nagasako7 Год назад

imagine the sight and sound if you were just 5-10 miles on a fishing vassal from Hunga when it blew up.

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

Krakatoa or novarupta 🤔

@Earthneedsado-over177 Год назад

I presume it would blow your eardrums out.

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

@@Earthneedsado-over177 he be dead 🤔

@peterryan6097 Год назад

Fantastic

@tjwiets6691 Год назад

The concept of the underwater explosion focusing the power upward can be seen in a Mythbusters test where they tried to blow a boat out of the water. I wish their test had shown the shore after the explosion because I believe their test also generated an observable scaled down tsunami around the shore of the quarry pit where they performed the test. I happen to believe this concept might have happened at Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai but instead of explosives being the generating force, it was a submerged volcano. The eruption was at a critical depth resulting in upward force being substantially increased by surrounding water pressure squeezing the space opened by the volcanic eruption. This vacated space then produced the tsunami once the water returned into the vacant space from the eruption. On top of this, the eruption also evaporated huge amounts of water into a saturated tropical airmass. This added a meteorological force to the resulting eruption's presentation. Tropical airmasses are already borderline unstable to begin with, increasing the surface temperature and water vapor with the added upward impulse of the eruption instantly triggered a massive convective cell. This eruption had influences from multiple fields of science.

@NGC-catseye Год назад

💞 Still my favourite volcano 🌋

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

Vesuvius wipes

@debriley4918 Год назад

Fascinating! I’m new to your program, very excellent, thanks! I have a theory that is volcanic eruption has created a slight volcanic winter. It sent so much ash and dust so very high that the entire plant has a thin film around it . 🤔

@jamieshawndehner6760 Год назад

Hello! I’ve been meaning to comment for ages and we were talking volcanos this morning so it’s triggered my memory (though it’s now afternoon!). Two questions for you, both of which may seem amateur: First, does one volcano in a chain erupting have any impact on the likelihood of another going off? For example, does the Mt St Helens eruption make it less likely that Mt Rainier or another in the cascade chain will erupt as some pressure has been released or does each volcano function independently in terms of contributing factors? Second question…is there a particular time of year when volcano eruptions are more or less likely to occur, and if so does it vary between hemispheres? We ask because while visiting Larsen some years ago, the date of eruptions between it and Mt St. Helens occurred in different years but around the same time of year. Is that just coincidence or could there be some geological factor at play or an interplay of environmental factors (Here I show how entirely amateur my approach is, but I wondered and thought I’d ask a geologist!!). Thanks for considering these questions. We enjoy your brief program nearly every evening whether we are home or away and have learned a lot! Thanks!

@jamieshawndehner6760 Год назад

Lassen not Larsen!

@rexroad9917 Год назад

If you go down to the Volcano Visitors Center near Bend Oregon, there is a diagram showing the Cascade Volcanoes and their frequency of eruption. If the Cascade range was an old clock, Mt Rainier would chime once a day, most of the chain also once a day, and Mt St Helens every 15 minutes. According to my 1964 Earth Science teacher, Mr Shinki, the next Cascade volcano will be Mt Baker.

@lemmdus2119 Год назад

I live in KC Missouri and my ears popped like I was coming down a mountain. Change in pressure maybe?

@jonathanmalmut2412 Год назад

Is there information on how loud the sound was? Krakatoa is famously known for being the loudest sound in recorded history but it seems like this was heard even farther away (granted it happened in 2022 and we have technology to record this and the globe is well connected now). Is it possible that this eruption was louder? How many times did the pressure wave go around the earth?

@jediknight2350 Год назад

that shockwave was felt on my planet krypton 55 light years away.

@AmazingPhilippines1 Год назад

More information shows how awesome this event was.

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

Vesuvius or St. Helens

@CasuallyCold Год назад

Also on January 15 I heard a slight bang here in Fort Bragg, NC it could have been artillery but there was no other bangs that day.

@stevengill1736 Год назад

The meterologists are saying now that the water vapor blown into the stratosphere is going to cause changes in the weather...

@adriennefloreen Год назад

Thanks! We enjoyed watching the tsunami hit the California coast and filming it on my old iPhone 4 for my channel. Somehow this happened on the day that all other devices got lost or stopped working. Since then we have gotten new phones, new cords, etc and guess what? I am still filming on my old iPhone 4 that I pulled out of an old box to film the tsunami because none of these new things resulted in videos I could download onto my computer and edit. Did the tsunami shockwave generate a small EMP or something?

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

Krakatoa or novarupta 🤔

@marcywolters6402 Год назад

Question. At the 2:35 (!?). Off to the right of the shockwave . I see a little mini shockwave. Quite small. What is that ?

@aron1332 Год назад

Tropical depression intensifying

@kyuheya2067 Год назад

And the saddest thing that no one has recorded the event that day.

@bfrehksdhf Год назад

Yes, where is the direct on the ground footage? We have the January 14th footage, and surely there would have been cameras around for catching further eruptions. Did they all get wiped out or something?

@aron1332 Год назад

@@bfrehksdhf there are videos of the largest eruption

@chiquitathechicken Год назад

I think after the collapse of the area which was unstable, it released the lava from the recent eruptions, not only that, during avalanches it releases smoke during the avalanche, which means much more steam. but its more usually with the lava, since the amount of lava hunga tonga had because of the recent eruptions, lava touched the sea water and flashed to steam, causing a large eruption.

@gamorro Год назад

I know it is hard to measure, but how much is it Hunga Tonga's eruption fault in the dry up and water crisis this year? If we graph a trend, does Hunga Tonga appears as an outlier?

@kruelunusual6242 Год назад

i heard it in Springfield Mo....

@lickkittysplit3871 Год назад

We heard it in Cincinnati just north of Lexington.

@Timesend Год назад

Mind boggling and terrifying

@marigeobrien Год назад

While I am not nearly as well versed in volcanology as many others who follow this channel, I am fascinated by the detailed reports you produce. I have been thinking an event such as Hunga Tonga would impact our recent weather. Is this a good assumption? If so, the further questions are, how and when? Being under water and creating huge vapor clouds, would this not increase the amount of rain world wide? Could this possibly be the reason for so many heavy rains this summer? If so will the impact continue?

@venuselectrificata Год назад

Congratulations. You are thinking in the right direction. This is definitely going to affect the weather. For more info check out Dane Wigington and JW TV.

@brendaross9732 Год назад

I also heard the volcano here in the Arkansas Ozarks. At the time I wondered what the heck it was.

@staticbuilds7613 Год назад

This is the first time I am hearing about this eruption

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

Vesuvius or St. Helens

@methylmike Год назад

Dayum

@guidopahlberg9413 Год назад

I am still wondering if this eruption may be responsible for some of the weather phenomena we are seing this year.

@twyztidbro3929 Год назад

:D you know you like saying that name :D keep up the awesomeness

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

Krakatoa or novarupta 🤔

@branchy7159 Год назад

I was there, I heard it rumbling the day before and felt the explosion the next day.

@marcouellette4671 Год назад

I heard and felt it all the way in Florida.

@thepacifist702 Год назад

1000th like 🎉

@bleachcheeks4837 Год назад

So do these volcanoes make andesite and dacite or is this really just the interaction of less silicous rock with sea water on a grand scale?

@njl51 Год назад

It's scary when nature yells and then takes friends and loved ones in one breath.

@JPaterson8942 Год назад

Pretty sure I heard it in Tacoma, WA. Something woke me up in the middle of the night, but I thought it was just some idiot blowing something up like usual.

@justinsmith4562 Год назад

Sure mate

@AllTheHappySquirrels Год назад

Hi neighbor! I'm in Olympia and generally attribute any explosions to JBLM 🤷

@sophierobinson2738 Год назад

If I heard it here in Alabama, I mistook it for blasting at a local quarry.

@Justin-ee3im Год назад

Pretty impressive result for somebodies new weapon

@aron1332 Год назад

Explain all the volcanic activities in this volcano centuries ago

@interesting- Год назад

Perhaps the high pressure wave effect on the jet stream?

@PrincessTS01 Год назад

What do you think the 10% of increased water vapor will do this year to the storms? A paper said this volcano added water vapor to the atmosphere and should affect the climate over the next year.

@chacmool2581 Год назад

Topic suggestion: the creation of Bali and its present geography and vulcanism.

@stage6fan475 Год назад

Did the nearby islands absorb this tsunami? A large tsunami didn't seem to make it anywhere far away.

@ristube3319 Год назад

1:38 Isn’t it crazy that you can have a 50ft tsunami on one side of an island, and slightly down the same side coast, it’s only 6ft? It’s a tiny island, it’s unfathomable to think there’s that amount of difference within spitting distance.

@margaretnewton6625 Год назад

We heard it in Australia on the east coast

@marypatten9655 Год назад

wow. so why was there not more main stream news about this?

@lhaviland8602 Год назад

My father may have heard it here in central Vermont.

@mari3489 Год назад

I have often wondered if this eruption was the cause of a weird phenomena I observed in Mumbai India. Around 8 - 10 hours after the event and for 36 hours thereafter the stray animals; dogs, cats, goats; and birds - pigeons, crows and parrots- were restless- crying, racing , flying - unable to settle. Could this be the cause?