I think you have got some things wrong. People got to the Americas Circa 40000 BCE. Before full agriculture, we were Proto farmers that would sow and plant crops but would then leave them to nature and return when it was hoped there would be a crop to harvest. We were in some cases, seasonal hunters and gatherers. If we were in a rich area for food we didn't move far if at all. It is far more complicated that your quick view. Timelines have been pushed back in recent times.
None of the "pros" of agriculture were good things. More people? Cities? So what? Those are just descriptions of the events. Meanwhile, the cons like disease and social inequality are obviously undesirable. I understand that since we live in agricultural societies today, most people have a preferential bias. But I gotta say, I'm sad I wasn't born a hunter-gatherer
RG SHALOM Exactly. People who worship technological and social Progress always argue that wouldn’t have many of the luxuries of modern society like computers, air conditioned homes, modern science/philosophy and penicillin...but most of these things were just side effects of the Neolithic age. Things invented to either manage sedentary life or control the diseases and health conditions agricultural life created. Of course you could still get an infection of killed by a predator in hunter gatherer society...and, and is often argued, your life span wouldn’t likely be as long due to these natural hazards but who is to say they aren’t happier? Anxiety and depression are virtually unheard of in traditional societies and social bonds are close. Modern society is obsessed with quantifying everything but I saw quality > quantity
I'm showing this video to my kids because it does a good job showing the migration of humanity from the out of Africa theory, but I believe the archeological findings show that Jericho is older than Uruk by about 5000 years.
Hello im not one of youre students just wanted to say youre history videos are on of the best most researched on most of youtube you might be good as history youtuber as a permanet part time sidr job great video's
No. 1. This isn't a history video. It's prehistory No. 2. The first claim in the video is wrong. I don't know about the rest. It appears the professor thinks homo sapians are the first humans.
The idea that hunters-gatherers were low tech is untrue. Before the Neolithic, we already developped pottery, carpentry, boats, sewing, the weaving loom and many other things. We were already able to live in all climates, even the most hostile ones such as the Arctic. As a matter of fact, without carpentry and pottery it would have been impossible to develop agriculture and animal husbandry. Moreover, hunters-gatherers weren't "constantly on the move". During Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic, they became semi-nomadic, living in seasonal camps for half a year, and following only the season migrations of game. In certain regions, following game wasn't needed any longer at all, so populations became fully sedentary. Then agriculture was developped as a slow process of domestication of plants and animals, it didn't happen in one day. And it's actually sedentary lifestyle (not agriculture in itself) that led to a demographic booming, since sedentary women could carry a pregnancy to term every 2 years rather than every 4 years for semi-nomads (because travelling even if only seasonal isn't good for a child-bearing woman). Writing wasn't invented in the Neolithic era, but in the Bronze Age. Bronze being an alloy of metals (bronze, tin or others) whose deposits were not necessarily located in the same place, it required the control of trade routes over vast distances (usually through rivers). As such, writing was primarily invented for accounting needs to keep track of the shipment of goods. Writing is key to Historians as it allowed keeping track of what actually happened, but it's not because we are more ignorant about what happened earlier that it means nothing happened.
Well said especially writing. Strange we dont consider cave paintings and rock drawings as writing. They were telling a story through pictures. It makes sense why Egyptians used hieroglyphics as a writing system, if evolved from rock art.
Hell no we didn't have boats 😂 this dude is smoking something lmfao. We invented boats in the past 10 thousand years maximum. And even when we had them they definitely couldn't sail oceans 😂
Good summary, although I wonder why did you put more people, permanent settlements and new jobs in the pros column? What are the benefits of those compared to H/G society?
Some other reports or people tell me that it is not that clear that people were strictly divided in men/hunting women/gathering. Can you explain what is pionting at this theory?
Some of our information on ancient H/Gs are projections from observing modern H/Gs. A portion of my research for this video came from this article on the Hadza people: philosophy.dept.shef.ac.uk/culture&mind/people/crittendena/ And more broadly, this report: hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/hunter-gatherers#division-of-labor-by-gender There are exceptions to this generalization, but it's pretty well-distributed across H/G groups.
The evidence from literally every other part of the world is pointing to this, that's why recent research is pushing more to equal shares in work than division based on sexes.
the tilt of the earth axis does not put the north polr further from the sun. Proof: at the same time the same effect is on the south pole. BUT the inclination of the earth exis reduces the effect of the sun on the poles because of the angle the sun-beams reach the pole region - especially in wintertime and arctic night
MMSN90 Some scholars legit think the Genesis story could be a parable based on ancient stories about the rise of agriculture. The garden of eden could have been the Fertile Crescent just prior to the Neolithic Revolution
@@spectralv709 i belive this to be true.. I would also add that Adam and Eve story is about beginning of self-consciousness in us humans.. It is really fascinating to think about it.
Most accounts of the OUT OF AFRICA THEORY ignores the following: During the Ice age the Red Sea dried out letting humans to walk out over to Yemen, Oman, Baluchistan, Sindh and Gujrat, as the main branch of the migration.
The northern hemisphere was NOT further from the sun during the ice age. It was. though, at a more oblique angle to the sun thus causing the intensity of solar radiation to drop.
You are correct that the northern hemisphere was not farther, however it is also untrue to just say that the more oblique angle caused solar intensity to drop, since that is actually the explanation behind seasonal variations in temperature, and not the long-term climate change that lead to the ice age. That doesn’t mean that the level of axial tilt at the time wasn’t the reason behind the ice age though. Without these seasonal variations, the ice age couldn’t have happened. The more oblique angle causes both brighter summers, and colder winters in the temperate and arctic zones of the northern hemisphere. These effects don’t cancel out, and the colder winters increases the albedo of the earth (ice), which in turn decreases the amount of solar energy absorbed, which in turn increases the albedo. This feedback loop causes an ice age. This explanation is inadequate, since one could envision an opposing feedback loop where brighter summers decrease the albedo, which in turn increases the amount of solar energy absorbed. However, I bet that if you actually did the calculations, and calculated solar intensity at each point, and also calculated the changes in albedo, the effect would be explained. Extremely simple mental models won’t suffice, especially those that don’t account for the fact that the northern hemisphere has more land than the southern.
how the heck humans reached australia by boat 50.000 years ago, when they were hunter gatherers? i's not like you have to cross the river on a few wooden logs... strange.
Ok, those people walked from Ethiopia to Australia and Argentina etc, but why did they walk in a straight line!? Why do not those hunter/gatherers walk in a circle, or from A to B and back to A again? If I had been a hunter I would zig-zagging randomly with no specific goal? If those hunter/gatherers managed to walk from Ethiopia to Australia in 50.000 years and was zigzagging like crazy, what distances did they cover? And how in the wold can you 'hit' that goal so far away by simply zigzagging?
@@Deutschrapfan - so, 100.000 years ago the people said, let's go to Australia, we be there in 50.000 years? Why move at all, or why not just move around a little? I don't get it, if the first people pick the best spot, and their children must move to the next best spot, why do not their children move back to the best spot when their grand parents are dead? Where there such a hich density of people back then people where simply forced to go to Australia?
@@doncarlodivargas5497 They didn't have a target to shoot for, they didn't know the land was out there to be discovered, nobody had ever been there and there were no maps. They weren't deciding to go to a specific place. They were exploring bit by bit, as needed.
@@indoorsandout3022 - yes, most probably, but then I kind of not understand, how in the world do you manage to cover such a distance? Especially if you have backtracked a distance (in the right direction) already?
@@doncarlodivargas5497 Population goes up, you need more land, so you explore the next bit. It just repeated for about 100,000 years or so. We're still not done since there are no permanent settlements in antarctica. When we run out of Earth, the moon and mars are likely next.
This entire “evolution” concept is being challenged, and the migration pattern known as “out of Africa” is challenged as well. It seems humans migrated into Africa and micro evolved to man’s climates. There actually is a wealth of proof for an out of Asia theory, from the caspuan sea region, as well as an “out of Australia” theory that is quite compelling. The only reason why out of Africa is pushed is because reputations and government grants are on the line. Push out of Africa or else you lose your grant money.
NEOLITHIC, or FARMING-HERDING TECHNIQUE must have been invented by those living in DESERT OASIS since there is no jungle or WILDerness to hunt-gather-forage-fish.
grasslands actually as far as Mesopotamia and the Chinese are concerned, and agriculture there actually caused desertification due to erosion. There were 3 tropical centers of Agriculture: Indus, Lacadon Jungle, and the Amazon. Never mind Polynesian methods which are totally different from everywhere else. I think the only true Desert in the neolithic in the old world is going to be the Nile Delta.
How do you know that ist was an egalitarian society? Egalitarianism is ideology and developed way later. Ideology needs scripure otherwise it will be lost after a couple of generations
Actually first humans walked to Australia but boat invasions happend..so aboriginal is a weird term...as who's the original or is the current idea of aboriginal people indigenous or are a they mix of the original and invader Like new Zealand is funny because the Maori got there 400 years before Europeans did...that's amazing fact tbh
This video is out of date, and has been for 20 years if it doesn't know the true routes of American Migration. Not everyone came down the land bridge, and even large
Agriculture (at least in Eurasia) seems to come from the Levant (where Iraq is located), and if anyone was to discover it, is probably wasn't a man who was out hunting animals, but instead a woman who actually handled plants. Of course it may not be a woman from Iraq to have discovered the concept, but it's certainly a great guess as to who did it!
@@karelwolf998 If you google "levant", and look at Wikipedia's map, it is included. Although I agree, I don't typically count Iraq as part of the Levant, when talking about it on my own, I'm just trying to help the person I'm responding to, to understand the video maker's explanation. Regardless of whether or not Iraq is considered as part of the levant, it's bordering it. It's like saying how Mexico is within North America, but culturally, we usually don't refer to Mexico when discussing North America in general.
Hunter gatherers didnt need to write anything down. They transmitted stories orally. Aboriginal Australians' oral history is considered to be factually correct. The first neolithic farmers had crooked teeth and were uglier than their hunter gatherer contemporaries.
Woah. 2 years later and this video has NOT aged well! So racist. Sheesh. This guy never heard of cultural relativism??? This is really bad - I had to stop less than halfway through…..
