100 steel bolts 🔩 would weigh around 1 kilogram. Imagine on a space ship 🚀 there may be a need for 20,000+ of these bolts. That's 200+ kilos of steel. Titanium literally offers nearly the same strength but cuts the weight in half. This is significant.
@@eriklarsson4121 They´ve used a 8.8 steel bolt. Titanium would be pretty much in par with a 10.9. But they could´ve used a 12.9 that would be stronger. But again, titanium is way lighter.
For a proper sheer test you really need to use a torque wrench if you are going to bolt plates together. The tensile force creates friction between the plates which counteracts the sheer force. Without them being equally torqued you cant be assured they are facing the same sheer force.
Cringed heavily while wathcing that part. Even more those washers and nut on the titanium bolt. For this test you idealy want to set correct preload to the fastener. 8.8 is most widely used fastener in Europe friend. Chinesium tools most often used inferior 5.8. 10.9/12.9 are high strenght fasteners not used for basic construction work, you will not buy these readily in hardware stores.
Aerospace guy here. I honestly think the friction between the two plates is negligible when under a shear load. If you're relying on the friction between the two plates to aid the strength of the fastner than you're already in big trouble. The gap in the two pieces of metal only exists after the bolt has already has already begun to yield. Not in every scenario but typically the fastner is weaker than materials plus when you torque a fastner the torque value changes between shear or tension. The same bolt and nut will be torqued to a higher value in tension than in shear. I would like to see the numbers with the free running nuts hand tight and then torqued. I could be completely wrong...
@@mmholling87 depends.. there are commonly used friction joints with single bolt transmitting tens of kW without any slipage. Bolt only provides necessary joint pressure, there are no keys. So that tells me there is significant friction for this to work. Also the jointing planes are not machined, just simple somewhat flat parts-still works.
titanium alloy grades are infinitely variable. making something from titanium does not make it stronger than steel. the most necessary component of the titanium is it's light weight to strength in flight applications as well as being non magnetic for flight instrument interference. your shear test was not equal / or sterile. the threads of the steel bolt were being sheared while the unthreaded shank of the titanium bolt was under shear stress. bolts intended for shear load have the applied load shearing on the shank - not on the threads.
Melting point is another factor that favors titanium. You can get titanium a lot hotter than steel before it loses substantial strength. In aerospace and spacecraft heat tolerance is crucial. Another big advantage, in terms of marine applications, is when titanium oxidizes its "rust" is a strong layer that effectively seals the metal beneath. Iron, on the other hand, makes rust that is very brittle and porous, allowing the rust to keep eating deeper and deeper.
@@criticalmass6249 we are currently mixing alloys in artificial gravity that cannot be mixed in natural gravity because they would separate by their periodic specific gravity. using magnets and centrifuges previously un mixable molten alloys are being mixed in hybrid alloy combinations that are both stronger and lighter than ever before. next up - helium bearings.
First of all, you cannot compare bolts with different diameter, seems like we have a dia. 4,8mm steel bolt and a 6,35mm titanium bolt. And of course you must use a torque wrench for tighten bolts at same Nm value
Steel is stronger(slightly) than titanium, however titanium is much lighter. Tthe steel bolt is clearly a little skinnier and seems to have a different heat treatment than the titanium one.
It’s a misunderstanding that titanium is extra strong. It’s the strength to weight ratio that is superior to steel. Not the overall strength. A lot of this has to do with what alloys you’re talking about too but generally steel is stronger than titanium. Class 8.8/grade 5 is a medium strength steel bolt and that’s why titanium outperformed it. Had it been a grade 8 bolt it would have easily outperformed titanium.
This. Volumetrically, steel outperforms titanium every time - and alloyed steels usually beat alloyed titanium, too, especially with the right grain structure. But weight-wise, titanium usually wins, and easily. You can get a lot more strength per unit weight from Ti.
Stainless steel beats titanium at everything except weight and chemical reaction. Stainless steel its also refractory up to 1400 C while titanium its not( just up to 700-900 C).
Steel range from something like 300 to 2500 MPa of ultimate tensile strength depending on the exact alloy and treatment. Titanium resistance can also vary a lot depending on the alloy. So it depends... And the tensile strength is far from being the only criterion.
I agree. We must consider also both bolts' diameters. Titaniums' is larger than steel's; shape has also influence in performance, all this without considering manufacturing process. Regards!
Yeah, the steel bolts used in this test were a pretty weak grade. 8.8 bolts are only 800 MPa UTS. 11.9 bolts, which are pretty common are much stronger than titanium bolts.
8.8 screw : maximum traction 8 daN / mm² elasticity 80% of 8 daN / mm² in traction so if you use a 10.9 steel grade, it's strong as titanium. but heavier.
This is a cool test, although in the shear tests there are some unwanted effects. As the press pushes down on the upper plate, the offset force causes the plate to pivot outward, creating a gap that gets bigger and bigger as more force is applied. So the plate effectively turns into a pry-bar, pulling the bolt head in tension and bending it in addition to applying the shear force. I think the test would be more representative of true shear if the shear load was applied by pulling on the plates, similar to the setup used for the tensile test. Also titanium is about half as stiff as steel, so it stretched about double the amount before yielding, so the upper shear plate pivoted about twice as far, meaning the titanium bolt received more tension and bending load than the steel bolt during the shear test. Despite this, titanium still came out on top in the comparison!
Nice. Also, in the sheer test, when load was on, the bolts slipped over eachother causing a sharp yank which would've stressed the bolt suddenly affecting the results.
The shear test was not optimal for the titanium as the washers needed to space it out didn’t provide enough support to keep the plates from deflecting. There’s a shatter test for titanium fasteners, from what I have heard steel has a better shatter resistance.
Thanks. I’d love to see a pipe vs a concrete filled pipe. The concrete filling should prevent the pipe from failure due to folding, but I’m curious just how big the effect would be.
@@blankblank2345 I think the empty pipe will fail much faster because once it starts to bend a crease can form and it will fold. It seems to me that the concrete filled pipe would be very resistant to folding because it would have to compress the concrete to do so, and concrete doesn’t compress. I suppose to get the full benefit of that you would have to cap the ends to keep the concrete in the pipe. In any case, I’d like to see it put to the test.
People don’t get it that Titanium is harder and stronger by weight. This means that a strength comparison should be done for equal weight. Not happening in this video.
I'm a blacksmith and had my tries at armor making. In buhurt (medieval armored combats), steel and titanium armors are used in competition. The thing is, titanium is less protective than steel. Titanium, with the right alloys and tempering can have the strength of steel, for less weight. BUT it does not have its ductility. Titanium will flex, but will not bend, it will snap instead. Steel will flex too, but if overloaded it will deform, thus absorbing the energy like the chassis of a car. The strongest alloys of iron will be stronger than the strongest alloys of titanium however, but it's insignificant for most applications. Titanium is good for saving weight. But it is expensive as shit, and very hard to forge (weird heat treatment, springy while heated etc), steel is cheaper, strong too, but heavier. But it will bend when overloaded, wich can be life saving in some situations.
The grade 8 that is being used is also a vented bolt. It is used in vacuum systems to prevent creating a virtual leak and to allow the bolt to be removed without it having a trapped vacuum underneath. The shear test in this case is very inaccurate due to this and the other reasons people have pointed out already.
Replace all steel screws of your mountainbike with titanium and spend 200 Euro, makes 100g less. Replace the 2 tires with steel wire bead by kevlar foldable tires, cost about 20 Euro more and reduces weight approx. 1 kg.
При испытании на растяжение стальные болты разорвались по телу болта, а не по первому витку резьбы. Интересно... In a tensile test, steel bolts ruptured along the body of the bolt rather than along the first thread. Interesting...
ох... преимущества титана эт антикорозия и вес но по крепости и без всякого эксперимента можно было обойтись... особого преимущества не дает иначе бы везде титан ставили.
@@rockcaver Зависит от сплава, любой метал можно закалить от прочности до твердости. Когда закаливаешь сталь слишком сильно она трескается как стекло и разбивается так же
@@yasakha2967 Согласен с вами. Но титан почему-то все склонны переоценивать. К теме данного теста, автор поставил стальной болт не самый прочный, а почти строительный 8,8. Если взять хотя бы 10,9, то титан проиграет. И это будет не самый прочный стальной болт, и тот дешевле титанового и намного
Ya, a LOT of factors in this are bogus. The type of steel is obviously low quality. Steel is stronger in almost EVERY factor than titanium. Low grade steel, high grade titanium alloy, of course steel will come out 2nd best.
Ok interesting, but why not test with 10.9 and 12.9 as well as weaker ones and stainless bolts. I'm sure there would be quite different results from all of them.
Was expecting something like "hydraulic press channel's" test, but was positively surprised when I saw that this was a more scientific test. Slow loading (not just going full speed, like HPC does) and you also tested the bolts in tension. Nice to see a test like this on youtube, where almost everyone's main goal are views. Maybe another test with 10.9 and 12.9 strength steel bolts? Thanks for posting.
@@robbiejames1540 I think they do exist, but they're hard if not impossible to find. The ones on ebay are fake (check the description and it will say something like 4.6 or 8.8 at best).
What type of steel was being used?? What type of stainless steel was being used?? What grade or type of Titanium alloy was being used?? No detail facts being mentioned at all in the video...
I am a reel life mechanical engineer ( so i must be an idiot ) but that is not the scientific way to do this kind of testing that is why we have specific apparatus to do it and we can repeat test and result with accuracy every time.
How would I compare the usual screws to titanium, I would use harder ones - 10.9 or even 12.9. Maybe it is better to make a film with steel screws in the same DIN in different hardness classes?
Now you know why titanium is the go to for aerospace stuff, pretty much on par with steel but far lighter. You should try some beryllium aluminum alloy spacecraft bolts. They are about 2x as strong as most high strength steel alloys and super featherweight. They are used for applications where they cannot come loose, and the aluminum tends to bind the nut or threaded hole so they are in essence one time use, as is the stuff they are used for 🤓
A grade 8 bolt is superior to titanium. What alloys were used in that 8.8, also, using washers and the flat face of the titaniun bolts distributes the load along the surface of the metal plates, where the 8.8 bolt had a small surface area retaining it on both ends.
also he could have used higher grade steel bolts, and the shaft on those titanium ones were thicker, you can see they stick out further from the thread and they broke on the thread while the steel broke on the smooth part
Nice test. Final results are little bit misleading and show smaller difference then it is in reality. The moment bolt starts to stretch or deform in anyway is considered a mechanical failure because it stopped doing its purpose. You can clearly see at 3:20 bolt is already starting to stretch at about 3000 on the display, so if just kept this force constant bolt would have snapped eventually as well. The fact it lasted all the way to 5000 is completely irrelevant. Titanium on the other hand barely malforms at all until it fails. This makes titanium probably twice as good over steel. Not just 20% better the shown results would suggest.
To get the true results in your shear test, it's important to have the proper size hole to fit the bolt. Also, you sheared the 8.8 bolt on its weakest part, its thread. The full shank of the bolt should go through both halves of the material, and it should be brought to proper rated torque for the test.
At 1:13 the bolt clearly had a left hand thread. So did the titanium bolt at 1:52. This is the opposite thread from the bolts he showed us a few seconds earlier. The bolts at 35 s are both right hand thread. Similarly at 2:54 the bolt is a left hand thread but at 2:18 it is being done up as a right hand thread bolt. Now I can only presume that someone reversed the video frames at various times but it instantly looks all wrong to me.
The yellow and black tape on the press clearly shows that some shots were mirrored. Some shots may have been recorded with a mirror to avoid placing the camera in the direction of flying metal.
Probably filming at 90 degrees looking through a mirror set at 45 degrees so as not to put his camera in the line of fire through the hole cut in the safety shield. Said all that in one breath.
Titanium is soon to be a Jewelry ahead to the silver, since Titanium is hypoallergenic and also small weight but stronger than silver, stainless or even gold. So i think titanium is not good to use as space craft since Titanium is limited supplies than to silver.
It depends on which steel and which titanium. Titanium is around as soft as iron. But titanium alloys can be way harder and way stronger. Some titanium is about as hard as a coat hanger. But in general Steel gets harder and tougher, titanium is generally more ductile and shock resistant.
you better had used 10.9+ graded steel bolts. Your bolts looks like 4.8/8.8, which in fact be as weak as stainless steel (as you can see). 10.9+ graded bolts will have way more shear resistance as well as tensile strength as titanium. In fact they would resist double the load of titaniums when compared in same size (like you did). Compared by weight, titanium bolts would even exceed 12.9 grade steel bolts.
I would love to see steel grade 50 vs stainless steel vs phosphor bronze. though I don't know if you could get phosphor bronze easily. You would probably have to lathe down a chunk to compare it. tungsten and Inconel also are candidates.
Titanium is only really necessary for weight reduction or some other small reason. It's better to say that titanium has a better strength to weight ratio than aluminum than to compare it's strength to steel. Steel overall is stronger and stiffer. Stay with steel. You may have noticed that the titanium bends more before failing which is not what you want. It means it's softer. Titanium is also crazy expensive by like a factor of 3 or 4 since it is a novel material that's difficult to mine even though it's plentiful in the world. Not worth the cost.
Ой, у нас такой 8.8 продают в строительных магазинах, что там и 6 не пахло. Надо сразу автомобильные покупать, где хоть производитель честно указывает класс, БелЗАН, например. К титановому желательно указать сплав, ибо разные бывают. К нержи тоже, 304 и 316 сильно отличаются.
for a more accurate test use a torque meter that determines how much torque ther is on the cross test, because more torque means more friction = better performance so for a fair comparison use the same amount of torque for both
Weird I had always heard that titanium was much stronger than aluminum but still not quite as strong as steel then it pretty much gets its reputation from non-corrosive and long lasting and light weight
Titanium is stronger, didn’t this video show that? I know for a fact that Titanium grade 5, what’s commonly used in spacecrafts is much stronger than stainless steel.
@@eriklarsson4121 I believe you are taking about Tungsten which is roughly 2 to 3 times stronger than steel but more brittle to break if applied enough force and it’s also heavier. Titanium is close to steel but it’s still lighter.
These bolts are not pure titanium, I guarantee it. And the steel bolts aren't pure, either. Don't take these to measure anything other than their respective alloys and tempers.
@@alphaduck2926 Why would I be talking about tungsten? Ti Gr.5 is a lot stronger than most of the stainless steel grades. (tensile, yield etc.) And much lighter as well. So to use a strong Ti alloy over steel is a no brainer for space crafts.
I know this is just a basic test for RU-vid, but a proper comparison would have two bolts of the same design. These bolts have different heads and thread lengths. Also the specific alloy of each bolt should listed, along with any heat treatment that may have been applied. These parameters can have huge differences in the strengths of each metal. A general comparison of cost would be nice too.
I can't believe I never knew there was a Russian (or Soviet) space shuttle. I read about it and it sucks it never really got a chance. Fun video though.
Something a lot of people also don't think about with space craft is that you need not just strength but many other aspects as well such as weight, corrosion, properties in a vacuum and other things
What an lot of nonsense! This NOT a sicentific 'fair test' at all. 8.8 grade bolts are specifically engineered for AUTOMOTIVE application, and inside the engine 10.9 grade is used, at similar weight, but higher shear and tensile strength (and cost). BUT WAIT, in AERONAUTICAL engineering, the prefered steel spec is 12.9g, even stronger (weight for weight0 than 10.9 or 8.8 grade. This video essentially compares Balsa wood to Cedar, or Pine to Eucalyptus. What a poor attempt to show WHY titanium is used at all in space....the video is a joke.
Minute 1.00 ... the cylindrical part of titanium bolt works into plates well (needs washers to tighten the nut) Minute 1.07 ... the cylindrical part of normal iron bolt is shorter, so the part into the two plates doesen't make the same job (thread is weaker !). *THE TEST IS NOT RELIABLE*
Lol, sorry but steel is far better in strength, and I'll prove it. For starters Titanium is a great material with a very good strength to density ratio, it also has a very high melting point and is very corrosion resistant, but this test is trash. They're using a schedule 8.8(mild steel) bolt vs space grade Titanium. Atleast use a schedule 12.9 steel bolt and it would win by far and that's still not even close to the strongest steel alloys available. Use Micromelt 10 steel and it would utterly destroy the titanium in terms of strength. To give you an idea the schedule 8.8 bolt has a breaking strength of around (120000 psi) Micromelt 10 tool steel has a breaking strength of (750000 psi) I'm not harping on Titanium, it is a great metal and has very useful applications, but in terms of alloys with overall better strength, hardness and modulus of elasticity steel is far better. Titanium is an incredible metal, but it's not better than steel in overall strength, hardness and toughness, not even close. I'm so tired of people thinking it's some metal of the gods. The strongest Titanium alloy has a breaking strength of about (182,747 psi) just for comparison, albeit higher than many steels there are certainly far better steel alloys.
Thats stupid putting a bolt under compression!!! Not only that, but its EXTREMELY dangerous. I am a veteran technician in a materials lab and there is no way we would test bolts other than in tensile strength or hardness. Your intro page/picture paints a bad impression and a dangerous one as well. 💥👎👎👎👎👎
Titanium versus Steel? What alloy of each are you talking about? There are so many. What application are you talking about? So many variables. A simple comparison is entertaining but doesn't apply when actually engineering for an application. I like that you are educating the public here with these videos. Keep it up.
There is so much wrong with this “testing” it’s ridiculous. You’re not even taking cross sectional measurements or endurance the same clamping force for absolute starters. Not to mention, but the shear, tensile, bending, torsional, etc strengths of each material and many of the nonproprietary versions of these materials are available on google by just searching for the AMS number of the alloy you’re looking for.
What a dreadful video! The shear test was utterly invalid for the reasons described already by many, plus - bolts are never used in shear like that anyway! If you get to the point where the shear strength of a bolt matter - the joint has already failed! The tensile test was not a lot better and, if you are going to compare Steel with Titanium at least use 12.9 or 14.9 steel bolts not the common or garden, cheap as chips 8.8's! As other have also pointed out - the ultimate tensile strength is not the issue anyway - it is the yield point that matters. As a spectacle - OK and information, to an engineer - the video is meaningless
I hate stainless. Hate it hate it hate it. Almost every piece of Chyneesy junk that people want on their vehicles come with stainless nuts and bolts. Yea, you can put stuff on them so they dont gall but thats just more work and alot of people bring trucks in with stuff they did themselves and all the stainless nuts and bolts are basically fused together. Ever remove tie downs with stainless bolts from an enclosed steak pocket on a truck bed? .....Nightmare
Comparing a very weak class steel screw with a super expensive titanium screw is a nonsense. a 12.9 class steel screw would carry a much higher load and would be several times less expensive. Also comparing screws with different type of thread and therefore a different stress distribution is also not and objective way to compare those screws. Yo ushould also compare prices of such screws .
Titanium's name is well deserved. But in the end, it's the alloys that make the difference. Pure Ti is about as usefull as pure iron. If I ever get married, I know what my wedding ring will consist of.
Cylinder head capscrews are rarely available and used in 8.8 grade. The standard is 12.9... Why not using a 12.9? It has much higher tensile strength... Oh, stainless steel bolts are brittle and weak.
@@JustinCrediblename Ha. I knew I should have checked back around the 2 min mark! But I thought nah, why would they want 1/2 when they could double? Doh!
What was the ASTM rating for the steel bolts? Grade 2?, Grade 5? Grade 8? Did the engineer doing the testing also use the same grade of hex nut to match the strength of the steel bolt? Too many unanswered questions.
I already knew this ,I'm a machinist ,chemist , Try corbive, Try cobalt, Try , Irinferit , Solid , ,, There is one more that's even stronger, But that is classified,,,,
