Inter-VLAN routing (IVR) is a technique used to allow communication between different VLANs in a network. VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) are used to logically divide a physical network into multiple broadcast domains, and IVR enables traffic to move between these VLANs. Here's a practical guide to set up Inter-VLAN routing:
Prerequisites:
1. *Router:*
- Your router should support subinterfaces on its Ethernet interfaces or have separate physical interfaces for each VLAN.
- It should support routing between VLANs.
2. *Switch:*
- Managed switch capable of VLAN configuration.
- VLANs configured on the switch.
Step-by-Step Guide:
#### 1. Configure VLANs on the Switch:
- Enter the switch's configuration mode.
```bash
enable
configure terminal
```
- Create VLANs.
```bash
vlan 10
name Sales
exit
vlan 20
name Marketing
exit
```
- Assign VLANs to switch ports.
```bash
interface range fastethernet0/1 - 5
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 10
exit
interface range fastethernet0/6 - 10
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 20
exit
```
#### 2. Configure Router for Inter-VLAN Routing:
- Enter the router's configuration mode.
```bash
enable
configure terminal
```
- Configure router interfaces and subinterfaces.
```bash
interface gigabitethernet0/0
no shutdown
exit
interface gigabitethernet0/0.10
encapsulation dot1Q 10
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
exit
interface gigabitethernet0/0.20
encapsulation dot1Q 20
ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
exit
```
- Enable routing on the router.
```bash
ip routing
```
#### 3. Test Connectivity:
- Connect devices to the switch ports in VLANs 10 and 20.
- Set IP addresses on devices in the respective VLANs (e.g., 192.168.10.2/24 for VLAN 10 and 192.168.20.2/24 for VLAN 20).
- Try to ping devices across VLANs to test connectivity.
```bash
ping 192.168.20.2 # From a device in VLAN 10 to a device in VLAN 20
```
Important Notes:
- Ensure that the devices connected to the switch are configured with the correct VLANs and IP addresses.
- The router should have a route to reach devices in different VLANs.
This basic setup demonstrates inter-VLAN routing between two VLANs. In a real-world scenario, you might have additional considerations such as security policies, access control lists (ACLs), and more advanced routing configurations. Adjustments may also be needed based on the specific hardware and software capabilities of your networking equipment.
#ccna
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5 сен 2024
