Intervertebral disc (anatomy) 

Thank you so much for your work, in my opinion you deserve many awards... and ur contribution should be recognized!

Sam, u r absolutly the best!!!!!! Thank u so much!

First, thank you for the informational and entertaining videos about the parts and operations of the human body. As someone who could be a single example of almost all of your explanations of injury’s, especially of the spine (L 2-1/S 1-Diskectomy), (T 2-3 vertebral fracture-not operated on), (C2,3,4,5 cervical fusion - 2 surgeries), Knee (MCL repair), Hand (multiple trigger finger surgeries), CABG w/aneurysm (Robotic Surgery) Acute Upper GI Hemorrhage and two malignant melanoma removals. As you would define…my body has gone “ Crappers”. Anyway, your descriptive and light hearted presentations make dealing with these experiences easier as, they say, knowledge is power. Thanks so much and stay safe.

Amazing video mate! Clear, concise, and humorous. Cheers from California!

For as incredible as your anatomy teaching is (incredible does not truly encapsulate of much you have helped me) I love the interpersonal moments like you closing blinds, or telling us there are builders in the back, or explaining why you are in a different room LOOOOOOOL

Hey guys like the videos if you are watching them.This is the best anatomy channel on RU-vid.

as a NIA dance teacher, we move the bodies way!, thank you so much for sharing your knowledge! I am definately a fan!

I really really appreciate your videos, thank you.

Best explanations ever seen on RU-vid. !!

I love this one such a wonderful presentation I watch all your videos Thank You

you look like dr.house

Always wonderful videos. I wish I could stay a month in your lab

Thank youuu for making things much easier than how it looks

What's your outlook on Chiropractic? Maybe you've heard of Gonstead Method school of thought? Thanks. Great video.

I love you dude. Thank you for this video (and other ones too)!

Amazing video, thank you so much!

Thank you for the help!!

Very good, fine knowledge for the fitness-gym; as a senior I enjoy the exercises, training for my self, with 10, 20 others in the hall, 10, 15, 20 KG the weights, just like the weight watchers ...

love your videos!

Amazing video very thorough. Thank you

Thank you, I am learning lots.

Thank you so much!

This video was really helpful thank you for this see u put abit of physiology in also its really helpful whe you label theses as i can go look into the further

Gracias Doc!

Best teacher :-)

Your lecture are really aswom...

Thanks!

Oh my God ! Amazing !

Waw sir you have so much different type of models Great 🙌🙌🙌🙏

I am not a medical student, but I got hooked on to your videos by chance, as a parent trying to figure out why something was wrong with my daughter. But I must tell u this, the videos are absolutely brilliant stuff, thanks for making things easier to understand. But may I just ask, some reason ought to be attributed to ideopathic Scoliosis, that is do the vertebrae remain intact in such a patient, and if so, what could be the contribution of the intervertebral discs in firstly, rotating and lateral movement of the vertebrae and to remain in that position and possibly also contribute to further worsening. I am not able to understand that. Could you throw some light on it?

Another interesting and informative video but it is missing a vital element. This is because it isn't yet fully understood but there is an aqueous fluid that passes up the spine in leaps and jumps nourishing the vertebrae as it goes. It's target is to reach the sternum and dearthritisise the menubrium. It's early days yet but it is very encouraging because it is vital that we get out of the habit of freezing our menubrium for enormous health reasons.

thank you so much teacher !!!!

Thank you.

Amazing video

The very special architecture of the vertebral bodies determines how they bear compressive load and fail under excessive loading. The walls of the vertebrae (or sides of the barrel) remain rigid upon compression, but the nucleus of the disc pressurizes (the classic work is by Nachemson, 1960, 1966) and causes the cartilaginous end plates of the vertebrae to bulge inward, seemingly to compress the cancellous bone (Brinckmann, Biggemann, and Hilweg, 1989). In fact, under compression the cancellous bone fails first (Gunning, Callaghan, and McGill, 2001), making it the determinant of failure tolerance of the spine (at least when the spine is not positioned at the end range of motion). It is difficult to injure the disc annulus this way (annular failure is discussed later). Although this notion is contrary to the concept that the vertebral bodies are rigid, the functional interpretation of this anatomy suggests a very clever shock-absorbing and load-bearing system. Farfan (1973) proposed the notion that the vertebral bodies act as shock absorbers of the spine, although he based this more on vertebral body fluid flow than on end-plate bulging. He suggested that the discs were not the major shock absorbers of the spine, contrary to virtually any textbook on the subject. Because the nucleus is an incompressible fluid, bulging end plates suggest fluid expulsion from the vertebral bodies, specifically blood through the perivertebral sinuses (Roaf, 1960). This mechanism suggests a protective dissipation upon quasistatic and dynamic compressive loading of the spine. The case study literature abounds with compression fractures of the vertebral body during dynamic loading in which the disc remained intact (e.g., during tobogganing and sledding; Kelly and Robinson, 2003). More vertebral body-based shock-absorbing mechanisms are documented later. In summary, the common statement found in many textbooks that the discs are the shock absorbers of the spine now appears questionable; rather, the vertebral bodies appear to play a dominant role in performing this function. The notion of deformable vertebrae is a new one for many. How do the end plates bulge inward into seemingly rigid bone? The answer appears to be in the architecture of the cancellous bone. Vertebral cancellous bone structure is dominated by a system of columns of bone (shown in figure 3.2) that run vertically from end plate to end plate. The vertical columns are tied together with smaller transverse trabeculae. Upon axial compression, as the end plates bulge into the vertebral bodies, these columns experience compression and appear to bend. Under excessive compressive load, the bending columns buckle as the smaller bony transverse trabeculae fracture, as documented by Fyhrie and Schaffler (1994) (see figure 3.3). In this way, the cancellous bone can rebound back to its original shape (at least 95% of the original unloaded shape) when the load is removed, even after suffering fracture and delamination of the transverse trabeculae. This architecture appears to afford excellent elastic deformation, even after marked damage, and then to regain its original structure and function as it heals. Damaged cancellous fractures appear to heal quickly, given the small amount of osteogenic activity needed, at least when compared with the length of time needed to repair collagenous tissues. Stuart McGill - Low Back Disorders

It would be nice to know what age the skeleton represents, whether it’s male or female, and what level of activity (coach potato, office clerk, athlete, etc).

Very helpful

Could you help to answer the question: What is the classification of the intervertebral discs and the symphysis pubis? a) fused b) suture c)immovable d)slightly movable

Hello, is there any way to keep the right level of water on the vertebral disc ? Gracias Doc!

The IVD's also support the chiropractor. A joke among those in the profession.

I always described the collagen orientation in the annulus as similar to the chinese finger torture toys you win at a carnival game. I love to watch your videos. I am always becoming a better teacher by watching someone else--you! Kudos!

Are the disks a yellow colour naturally?

Thank you sir

Start bingewatching one video every night though i’ve watched some limbs videos for my running🎉

thank youuuu very much sirrrr

re- "the inter-vertebral disc is a shock absorber... a squidgy pad" - are they though ? Reading the Dr Stuart McGill books he says it is the inside of the vertebrae that are soft and squidgy and absorb the shock. The disc is using hydraulic pressure - and that does not squash . He says the nucleus is there to keep the height of the disc to allow movement. .. and you want to be lifting from your hips not your legs

Sir you live in paradise

How much height does a person lose with a lumbar herniation?

Thank you Very much for sharing your knowledge, you are one of the best that I have ever seen teaching and with much knowledge. God bless you.

"For bowing to the Queen and stuff", that didn't age quite well.😅

crossfitters need to watch this

Sam adamımsın! 🙏

wow , that looks like central station .

i'm here looking for an answer to my issues myself because no doctor has anything close to definitive answer for me. if anyone educated here could advise me as to what they suspect it might be or point me in the direction of what to research, please do. don't worry about using terminology or concepts that i may not understand, i've been researching for years so it won't be difficult to understand: i was an active kid n did a lot of sports. my first onset of back pain was at 14, got it checked out at 16 via x-ray and MRI scans and saw that i had very degenerated discs at L4-L5 and below. doctors had not even the slightest clue what would have caused it, and suggested that it was all the sports i did, but i don't think it was. i could name many more people who did more intensive sports more frequently than i did and have no issues. my younger brother was what you would call an elite young athlete and did not have these issues. i'm now 20, have constant pain and live in constant fear of doing something bad to my back. i went from running track and playing football competitively and generally being active, to being absolutely sedentary. i can't even just go to the gym to get fit. feels like my youth was ripped away from me, idk how long my back will last and i'm scared:/

One thing I needed to note is that they're used for bowing to the one God who created them.. and not a mortal worldly queen. Other than that, I love your Anatomy videos

How beautiful and delicate the Creator's creation is.

❤❤❤❤

i like this

why does this dude looks like Dr. Gregory House from series House M.D