I'm learning both. I hear people say judo is better because judo practitioners are better but I think that really comes down to it being an Olympic sport and a global sport. More global awareness, more competitions, more professional fighters. I dont think there is better style. Judo just has a higher level of athletes due to popularity
As a former Judoka and Shuai Chiao instructor, I found this information to be mainly accurate. I did try to teach submissions with Shuai Chiao (or Jiao if you prefer that spelling), which I think is important. Although we held Shuai Chiao tournaments, the philosophy is more along the lines of a combat style, rather than a sport, hence the smaller uniforms. The throws are, however, fairly similar to Judo, and I saw several Judoka easily transition to Shuai Chiao. I loved both styles.
Shuaijiao can the capability and potential to keep up with Judo but its base lacks the direction to maintain itself against equal or stronger players. Shauijaio just cannot keep up. I know there are some strong people out there but the rank and file do not seem as serious but the lineage thing has been a threat and will continue to downgrade the sport. Treat all equally and the rest will be history!
@@BZY-bu9wr Yup, yup, but there's a whole history of why that hasn't happened yet, despite Chang Dong-Shen's attempts to do so in the 1970's and 80's (which included naming an American as his inheritor, nearly unheard of at the time). Basically, few in the Chinese martial arts want to play by anyone else's rules or "submit" to a higher authority. It's C-SPAN - all politics, all the time.
I have practiced both for more than five decades. Shuai Jiao with Chang Dung Chen and Judo with Mikonosuke Kawaishi. Similarities shared. Both have a place in my heart. Merci bien 😊
This really shows the difference between Northern and Southern Chinese culture, and by default, martial arts. Years ago, my Choy Lay Fut instructor, who was Chinese (he passed away), was so insistent that the idea of Chinese wrestling was (in his words ) "bullshit." He gave many reasons why Chinese grappling "didn't exist." I respectfully told him that Shuai Jiao was from the North, which could explain why he never heard of it (he was Cantonese, from Hong Kong.) "Bullshit!" was his quick response. I of course, out of respect, didn't argue any further, since the subject was brought up when we received a flyer for a martial arts tournament in San Francisco which also included a demonstration in "Chinese wrestling." Years later, I bought a British book on Judo, and the author dismissed the idea that Ju-Jutsu would have any Chinese influence because, in his words, Chinese martial arts are "exclusively based on striking techniques." Well, considering that most Chinese who emigrated to other countries decades ago were from the South, I could see why he would think that. Anyway, ANY grappling pressure tested is effective and valuable, whether that's Freestyle Wrestling, Greco-Roman Wrestling, BJJ, Judo, or Shuai-Jiao (even if some experts were unaware of it's existence!)
@Supermomo2007 The Northern arts I’ve trained are Bagua, Xingyi, and Chen Taiji, but I’ve seen a fair amount of Northern Shaolin. From a technical point of view, Northern Shaolin is fine. It’s got all of the kicks and punches we need, and some cool stuff from weird angles. It’s got some cool takedowns. The problem is, like with most CMA styles, most Northern Shaolin groups don’t spar enough, don’t pressure test enough, and almost never test their stuff with people from outside of their style. Plus, most serious fighter types these days choose MMA, Muay Thai, boxing, BJJ, or Judo, so you’re going to have better sparring and training partners in those styles. Shuaijiao is an exception to that rule, and for my money, it’s the king of Traditional Chinese Martial Arts.
Chinese-style wrestling is divided into three systems: Tianjin, Baoding, and Beijing. However, this is related to the spread of Mongolians to China. It is recommended to refer to Mongolian wrestling. 中國式摔跤分為天津、保定、北京三個系統，但是這是跟蒙古人傳到中國有關，建議可以參考一下蒙古的摔跤。
Takedown wrestling is found all around the world. I'm not convinced Sumo, Jujutsu, Bokh come from Shuai Jiao. There's African and South American indigenous wrestling methods much like it. It's just something people do
Ur right takedown wrestling exists everywhere but I'm more inclined to believe that sumo, judo, jujutsu come from shou jiao based on geography than African and South American arts. China and Japan are literally next door
@@jojotwice8918 there is literally no proof of that at all sumo's development is pretty different,the oldest school of jujutsu has no connection to Mainland Asia the origin is considered an Art name torite-jutsu 捕手術, Judo came from Jujutsu styles, Mongolia is home to one of the earliest evidence of wrestling on the planet, also just a point out Despite what you see on the map Japan as far away from China Then what people think, India and China shared a continent yet there's no evidence of Indian martial arts influencing Chinese ones or vice versa.
@@eagle162 Shaolin Kung Fu comes from Indian monk bodhidharma, so definite Indian influence. Karate comes from Chinese Kung Fu. China and Japan have been trading partners for centuries, not exactly hard to see influence
@@jojotwice8918 that is story that come from a seventeenth-century fictional there is no such thing as Shaolin Kung Fu that's just bad classification the history of the Shaolin Temple is also way different than what people expect. ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-F30JQ2E_M50.html Karate is a mix art created by native Okinawan arts and Chinese influence with later being influenced by Japanese jujutsu. The majority of Japanese martial arts not have origin or even influence from China is the most Obvious in Spears or bows, which there are weapons in Japan that do not exist in China and vice versa.
@@jojotwice8918 wrestling is something literally everyone does. It starts as playful roughhousing and tickle fights as kids. It's the very core of all combat. Everyone from England to Senegal, to isolated tribes in the Amazon or Pacific, everyone wrestles. It's native to everywhere. People adapt it to different tasks on their own intuitively, with or without formalization. We don't always name it anything special. Fighting is fighting.
You mentioned sumo and shuai Jiao’s older forms had different names (but basically still Chinese wrestling) like Jiao di or Jiao Li. One of the names was xiangpu (相撲) which in Japan would be pronounced as sumo (same characters/kanji till this day). From there you can see the deep connections that the two cultures had
Be careful with Kanji. Generally Japanese just borrowed Kanji[Chinese alphabet] to describe Japanese things. So, if there is a chinese martial art called 相撲, 相撲 in China will be different martial art from 相撲 in Japan, which is Sumo.
Lakeboat nice that’s for sure, but we are talking about two different arts. One is Chinese wrestling and one Japanese. I’m not saying they are the same art, just the fact that there is an influence and cultural exchange
@@a.m.4479 they brace their arms against their head, like how you see mma fights block sometimes, elbow up to the front, fist resting near back of head, and then round the body fetal position style almost, basically I prefer it because its more practical off mats, maximizes head protection, in high school I was playing frisbee and running backwards while watching for the disc, I tripped over something and did a judo fall into a fire hydrant head first (I did not know it was there), and it scalped the back of my head open, so I am an advocate of maximize your head protection
@@a.m.4479 I have also seen shuai jiao practitioners do the slap method, so they dont only do the head brace, but the head brace is imo the better option
@@David-wq3dq Very interesting!!! Thank you for your detailed reply, and sorry my delayed answer!! (I don't know why I didn't receive a notification of your replies)
4 года назад
4,790 years ago Shuai Jiao was recorded into Chinese history... That's very old... Reference: Wikipedia - History "...Over 6,000 years ago, the earliest Chinese term for wrestling, "jǐao dǐ" (角抵, horn butting), refers to an ancient style of military Kung-Fu in which soldiers wore horned headgear with which they attempted to butt, throw and defeat their enemies. Ancient Chinese imperial records state that "jiao di" was used in 2697 BC by the soldiers of a rebel army led by Chiyou against the Yellow Emperor's army.[1] In later times, young people would play a similar game, emulating the contests of domestic cattle, without the headgear. Jiao di has been described as an originating source of wrestling and latter forms of martial arts in China.[2] An ancient chinese belt plaque, depicting two dismounted horsemen, engaged in a wrestling match, circa 2nd century BC "Jiao li" (角力) was first referenced in the Classic of Rites[3] during the Zhou Dynasty. Jiao li supplemented throwing techniques with strikes, blocks, joint locks and attacks on pressure points.[1] These exercises were practiced in the winter by soldiers who also practiced archery and studied military strategy.[4] Jiao li eventually became a public sport held for court amusement as well as for recruiting the best fighters. Competitors wrestled each other on a raised platform called a "lei tai" for the potential reward of being hired as a bodyguard to the emperor or a martial arts instructor for the Imperial Military. Jiao li was taught to soldiers in China over many centuries and its popularity among the military guaranteed its influence on later Chinese martial arts through the end of the Qing dynasty. The term "shuai jiao" was chosen by the Central Guoshu Academy (Zhong Yang Guo Shu Guan 中央國術館) of Nanjing in 1928 when competition rules were standardized .[5] The art continues to be taught in the police and military academies of China...."
Jiao di, jiao li and shuai jiao all look extinct already long time ago. That is why the term shuai jiao had to be chosen in 1928 for the takedown sport which is modern creation very possibly.
@@roads6070 so modern katara are not karate anymore because modern karate was 100% a modern creation and the dumbest thing is there are evidence photo about shuai jiao before 1928
My martial arts instructor told me from a martial combat perspective that Judo breaks your back on the Ippon, while Shuai Jiao breaks limb in the air and of course you also break when you hit the ground like Ippon.
Once again, very detailed and thorough explanation of the differences in sport. In actual combat, I'm sure they are almost indistinguishable. Excellent video.
Judo and Shuai Jiao are my two favorite styles of grappling as well as being a tie for my favorite martial arts overall. My first martial art that I ever trained in was Judo and I also draw some of my favorite moves to use in my own methods of grappling (I hesitate to say style) from Shuai Jiao. I aim to one day teach others my methods once I can start my own school. :D
Great 👍 Please do 'Glima' (viking wrestling) next 🙂 I'm acctually in an online Judo seminar at this exact moment, where Yves Cadot has discussed some history and more. His judo thesis is +800 pages, but in French... so sadly I cant read it, but maybe you have it already?
Of course it works, 摔角(Shuai Jiao) is literally THE actual Chinese martial arts used to train soldiers from imperial dynasties to modern days, it's clearly recorded in old military records, imperial guards of both Ming and Qing dynasties all trained in Shuai Jiao, Qing dynasty's palace guards were literally called "善撲營"(Battalion of Excellency in Wrestling). That being said, Xu Xiaodong徐曉東 is still a fking arrogant a*hole.
Thank you for this video! I'm a big fan of both arts and there's not enough Shuai Jiao material out there unlike Judo. Great stuff. Would you ever do a video on Shuai Jiao techniques?
Can you do a video on Kimura Masahiko's short-run Pro-Judo promotion that he ran after he left Kodokan and right before he started doing prowrestling? I read about it somewhere. I know it didn't last, maybe it only lasted a year or so but the rules were a little different from regular judo and they had matches on a Western (boxing/wrestling) ring. I was curious about it and haven't seen much written on it
There are Judo and BJJ guys in my Shuaijiao class. Before the pandemic we trained out of the local gracie academy. A lot of the reaping techniques are similar, but the throwing - according to them - is much different. I think mainly because of the way they like to unbalance. I’m sure Sport Shuaijiao (Beijing style, whats shown in these clips) has more similarity. It’s hard to make rules though. Shuaijiao is not 1 style, it’s many different ethnicities (Han, Hui, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolian, Manchurian, etc) indigenous arts plus varying styles. There are even No Jacket styles (ShanXi). I’ve learned a little bit about the Mongolia styles and their style Bokh has WAY more rules than Shuaijiao but its also a big contributor because they are really good at sweeps. Baoding Combat style, esp the Taiwanese lineages, prob the most popular here in the USA a lot of the setups come off of punches, elbows, knees, and leg kicks. Elbow resting on the side of the neck is definitely one of the more popular setups. Not just for throws, but also for leg grabs - different from a wrestling single leg. But one of the first things you learn is an advancing palm shove (similar to Sumo) linked with a leg capture, and then a C shaped turning takedown (that last part a very popular takedown in San Da) - it actually puts you in position for side control. Or done right, it doesn’t create any opportunity for groundfighting at all. Gotta trust you partner for the second way though, lol they can really Eff your knee up whiplashing you like that LOL Also, What’s interesting, there are photos floating around of both Kano and Maeda wearing a short sleeve gi that looks much more similar to the Shuajiao Da Lian (jacket). The old legends say that “Chen Genpin” taught Shaolinquan in Japan to 3 Jujutsu guys, but, in reality there is no such thing as a, “Shaolin Style”. If he really learned in the villages surrounding that area then he likely knew some Long fist (Hui arts), some Wrestling / Qin na, and that area is of course most famous for it’s Staff / Spear fighters.
You're basically correct about the general rules of shuaijiao. We don't much care about how long you grip, because we interpret a grip or a clinch as either an attack or an opportunity to attack. If someone is dumb enough to give me a point of contact for an extended period of time, why shouldn't I exploit that? Points/winning based on touching the ground with anything other than your feet is universal in SJ, just differs from place to place/fed to fed (as you pointed out). Part of the reason for this general rule in SJ was that, in addition to being considered vital to military/fight training, it was a folk sport, where wrestlers would travel around to different tourneys and events and fight for prize purses. The spectators were usually just gathered around the fighters (no raised platforms in most places), so if the wrestlers were scrabbling on the group, the spectators would complain that they couldn't see what was going on. We can debate which ruleset (Judo vs SJ) best serves battlefield training, but we really can't argue with it being hard to see two people wrestling on the ground when there's a crowd surrounding them.
Its different mentality. Also shuaijiao moves are very economic, fast throw and economic movements and focus on standing are excellent for self defense.
However, Japan has its own martial arts system, so the introduction of Chinese martial arts is only to enrich the content of Japanese martial arts. 但是日本本來就有屬於自己的武術系統，所以中國武術傳入只是豐富日本的武術內容。
Some important points the way I was told by SC guys is the original system didnt use jackets, they used Chi NA which grabs natural handles of the body. The jacket was used for the sport version. Also the original throws are meant to land opponents on head to cripple them. I think this is like comparing Muay Boran to Muay thai. I was also told something like judo is bone against bone where SC is bone against muscle. something to that effect. Great video.
I can see some of the nuances. I love this. I can imagine what the training is like ( brutal). This opens up a much larger horizon for me. I give you my supreme thanks 🙏. Keep up the good work!! I look forward to seeing your next show.
Well-made video! It's very VERY rare to see foreigners discuss about Shuai Jiao(Chinese Wrestling), after all, even many Chinese didn't know this martial arts, when modern Chinese think of wrestling, their first impression usually is modern western wrestling like WWE or Mongolian wrestling . But truth is Shuai Jiao is native in China and probably is the oldest recorded Chinese martial arts which actually is used to train Chinese military for thousands of years till modern days. Modern Chinese military and police forces are still trained in Shuai Jiao(摔角) along with San Da(散打) and Chin Na(擒拿).
Definitely there must be mongolian influence in modern Chinese Shuai Jiao. However, there were records of wrestling martial arts long before Mongolia was even heard of!
How would you compare the falling technique of the arts? It seems to me that Shuaijiao is not "slapping the floor" but fairly often curl the arm around the head. Also it looks like they touch with the bend leg before the straight leg to the floor.
Another difference is Judo is practiced barefoot and Shuai Jiao is practiced with shoes or "wrestling boots". Which shows the connection between chinese and mongolian wrestling
Yeah, you're right about the rules of Shuai Jiao. The rules are a lot less strict about grips and there's not really a penalty for staling. Maybe in some areas the rules might be different, but most only care if you take the guy to the ground. Most Shuai jiao you see today is a mix of boading, Beijing and Tianjin styles. And a bit of bokh too.
I have been doing both Shuai Jiao and Judo since I was 6, and that's almost 50 years. I will say they are both well codified and tested with military engagements aka wars. They are most effective styles in bare handed fighting. I actually updated the wiki entry of Shuai Jiao that you quoted. For styles, Beijing, Tianjin and Baoding are grouped together and called Zhili 直隸 or Hebei 河北 style, after the old and present names of the province that these three cities are located. This is standing style. Inner Mongolian Bökh is closest to Zhili Shuaijiao, Shanxi 山西 Shuaijiao is standing style with no jacket and no belt. Sumo and Ssireum are standing styles with belt but no jacket. The traditional rules of these five styles are strictly standing. Mongolian Republic Bökh allows hands touching ground, so it is not a pure standing style. There is a historical fact that perhaps you should know. There are books writte by Li Bao-ru 李寶如 and Professor Su Xue-liang 蘇學良 from Beijing Sports University on the historical event of Wushijima Tatsukuma 牛島辰熊 visited Beijing and exchanged skills with Beijing and Tianjin Shuai Jiao masters. Wushijima was a Japanese Army officer and visited and lived in Japanese occupied Beijing from 1939-1942. He first visited the Shuai Jiao Venue of Shen You-san 沈友三 in Tian Qiao 天橋, Southern Beijing for exchange matches. The Chinese were reluctant at first and decided to loose as he was a Japanese officer, Being a Japanese champion, he insisted that they gave their full effort and Shen You-san nominated Sun Rong 孫榮 to fight him in Shaui Jiao rules. Sun won 2-1 and Wushijima was very happy and invited them to practice on weekend at the Japanese Club 新民會. This was continued until late 1942 when Sun died of infection, Shen's eldest son was kidnapped by Japanese Intelligence to a labor camp in Japan and subsequently disappeared. Wushijima went back to Japan and was part of the group that tried to assassinated Japanese Prime Minister Tojo. There were a handful of Shuai Jiao champions who beat Wushijima in Shuai Jiao rules, including Sun, Zhang Hong-Yu 張鴻玉, etc. Zhang became Wushijima's Judo student, even though he has beaten Wushijma 3-2 in the official 1940 match. Wushijima also never fought Chang Dongsheng 常東昇 from Baoding nor Bu En-fu 卜恩富 from Tianjin, the two Shuai Jiao Kings of 1930s who were Chinese military Shuai Jiao coaches during the Sino-Japanese War. Sawai Kenichi 澤井 健一 the founder of Taiki Ken was with Wushijima at 1939. Sawai also wrote and told his experience in Beijing to Mas Oyama and his students such as Royama etc. Also, technically Wushijima didn't study Judo. He was from Kumamoto in Kyushu and studied 扱心流 Kyushin-Ryu Jujitsu. Kyushin Ryu is said to be derived from Kito Ryu, ultimately from Shuai Jiao.
Ushijima was not army officer. It is true that Ushijima did not train judo his early day. But later he trained judo. He trained his newaza skill at Roku kou high school Judo team.
@@thejohnnycakes9886 It depends on how one classified 大日本武徳会 Dai Nippon Butoku Kai. Wushijima was a sansei of 大日本武徳会. It was a public organization whose purpose was martial and military trainings for citizens. The first president of 大日本武徳会 was 小松宮彰仁親王, Komatsu-no-miya Akihito, a prince of the Japanese Imperial Family and Field Marshall of the Japaness Army. It had tens of millions of members during its heyday in the 1920s to 1945. The GHQ/SCAP (General Headquarters / Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) dissolved it in 1946. Japan was not US, there was no clear distinction of civilian and military. And the Emepror was Living God.
What are u talking about? There are clear distinction between military men and civilian in imperial Japanese army and navy. U had better study about Japanese history more.
@@m5a1stuart83 That's a sterile debate. Most civilizations developed some sort of wrestling as folk game, sport, training method. It's highly likely that some forms of shuaijiao are either direct descendants or have been influenced by bokh, especially around Beijing.
Chinese women's Judo team has produced a lot of strong players so far, Including six Olympic champions, especially at heavyweight division On the other hand, almost none of men have performed well, Except for Olympic bronze medalist Cheng Xunzhao In the case of Chinese Judo, the gender performance gap is too huge
Anyone know how much crossover there is btwn Shuai Jiao and Judo in China? Like are there any/many national level athletes who compete in both, or started in one but ended up specializing in the other?
I was curious if you ever considered making a video like this about shodokan/Tomiki aikido? Its a style deleveloped by Kenji Tomiki who held an 8th dan in both judo and aikido and even includes competition. He also created the Goshin jutsu no kata of judo. Huge fan btw.
@chadi what do you think of this ancient art historical evidence on submission techniques carved on ancient temples in South East Asian as shown in youtube clip by Burton Richardson Jiu-jitsu or Silat?
I love this shite, but the arbitrary 'rules' make it all 'sport'. I mean, you can grab my clothes, but I can't gouge you? It's tough, even 'no holds barred' eliminates 'pinching and gouging', and that means a lot of Southern gung-fu that is all eagle's claws and phoenix eyes. I adore the leg maneuvers, sweeps and hip throws. Dig the shite out of Chinese Dog Boxing. Hitting the opponent with the Earth seems like a great (can I say 'Grand-Ultimate'?) idea! On ancient American television, Kwai-Chang Caine dispatched cowboys left and right, but once he paused a moment to cringe at the painful results of a leg sweep, "He does not know how to fall". lol
Hi chadi firstly thanks for all brilliant vids and information I'm 60 years old and I've little experience of krav and aikido my question is do think can I start judo I'm not looking for belt or rank just looking for learning those techniques. Thanks in advance.
Not quite chin na. In prerevolution China this was not considered a martial art, but rather an assumed prerequisite of doing any martial art, which is kind of crucial in understanding why so many kung fu practitioners are weak in their art, they literally aren't doing the full curriculum. This means that well practiced Chinese martial arts all have a solid grappling base, which is why many seem to have poor wrestling defence, because it was basic education you were expected to posses. I heard this from Hai Yang, who has amazing material on his channel if you want to learn more about Baguazhang, Tai Chi, or Xingyi.
Would be super cool if you did one of these on Judo VS Glima also. I am of course talking exclusively about the real Icelandic version with the belt grips.
@@Chadi That would be great! Also, if you do please don't fall into the trap of the "reconstruction" work of some Norwegians and some people I've also seen in the US. This is not real Glima in it's modern sense. Glima has a connection to Norway and mainland Nordic wrestling traditions, but not so much in it's modern form. The modern form is the fixed belt grip version from Iceland. Most other than that is not really Glima but merely reconstruction work with seemingly too little actual evidence behind it. For good recources I would suggest this podcast: thousandholds.net/by-law-shall-land-be-built-icelandic-glima/ And his instagram: instagram.com/thousandholds/ His playlist on YT showcasing it: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-cYRaW7jZjHk.html The Icelandic Wrestling Federations instagram: instagram.com/glimaisl/
Shaui Jiao also has a ground variant no different than other cultural groundfighting and submission arts. Plus, it has over 200 different throws, including the groundfighting variant as well. Soft arts like Bagua and Taichi utilize as well, besides chi na. Nearly every Chinese martial art you can think of uses shuai jiao no matter what, in their system.
No they don't, we see even from wrestlers in the past ground fighting was something alien and chi na it's just a generic term for lock. 神道六合流与上海“虹口道场”之谜 梦幻的预见性--民国武术家对地面技之研究① 解密柔术家野口清与天津武术会（1908）
I can't take any Martial arts seriously that claims that it is the root of all other. I heard and read this phrase so often. The origin of all those martial arts was "what shall I do, when I loose my stick on the battlefield?"
Shuai jiao isn't thousands of years old. It only dates back to the 1930s. In fact, Judo and the Bushido physical culture boom of late 19th & early 20th century Japan greatly influenced Shuai jiao development. Check out the Mu Shin Martial Culture channel. He does a great job of dispelling the myth of Shuai jiao's so called multi thousand year lineage.
Negative my friend. What most dont discuss is that shuai jiao is kungfu . It always has been.practitioners of this art make no distinction between the 2 arts. Shuai jiao is in taichi as well. Many shai jiao practiciners train from the kongbu stance
Dam!! Chadi MAN!! You are into everything about grappling from Japan to China!! And God knows what else!!!! INDIA!!! Your knowledge exceeds my expectations!!
Hi chadi, Thanks so much. Great content. Although you argue that shuai jao is older, I suspect that Mongolian culture’s actually had the oldest form of East Asian wrestling. Japanese, Korea are actually descended culturally from protomongolians, not Chinese. I believe they influenced the Chinese due to proximity. Anyway if you have evidence or reasoning to think the Chinese wrestling came first please enlighten. I also really appreciate the breakdown of judo rules. Great content
@Chadi, subscriber and enjoyed your grappling videos for some time now. The picture have on the right is my teach Dr. Weng and his teacher Grand Master Chang, if you like more info feel free to reach out, we are at : United States Shuai Chiao Association. Chiao is the traditional roman translation used in Taiwan for Jiao.
Oh, it's confusing cause in chinese, wrestling is called 'shuai jiao', there's no word difference between western and chinese wrestling or 'shuai jiao' 😂 so confusing
THE MOST POWERFUL POWER IS OUR CREATOR! HE WANTS TO STRENGTHEN US SPIRITUALLY! HIS INTERVENTION IS COMING VERY SOON! DEAR ONES, PONDER ON HIS WORD, THE BIBLE! すぐに神の介入！ 親愛なる皆さん、救いの聖書をお読みください!!
