Kaliningrad is the only part of Russia geographically separated from the rest of the Federation. Wedged between Lithuania and Poland it is more than 300 kilometres from the rest of the Russian Federation. Strategically vital for Russia as the headquartered of its Baltic fleet, the enclave came to international attention in June 2022 when the Lithuanian government imposed tough new EU-mandated restrictions of good crossing its territory into Kaliningrad. This has sparked a furious reaction from Moscow, which has vowed to retaliate and take actions that will have a negative effect on the Lithuanian people. But what exactly can it do? And what effects are the sanctions likely to have on Kaliningrad?
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Kaliningrad was founded in 1255 by the Teutonic Knights, a medieval German crusader military order. As Konigsberg, it would grow to become the heart of the German Kingdom of Prussia. However, after the First World War, it was separated from the rest of Germany under the Treaty of Versailles. However, everything changed in 1945. Following the end of the Second World War, the city was annexed by the Soviet Union, becoming an oblast or region of Soviet Russia. In this capacity, it became a strategically vital war warm port for the Baltic Fleet. But following the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, it found itself geographically isolated from Russia. This isolation has been compounded following Poland and Lithuania's membership of the EU and NATO and deteriorating relations between Moscow and the West. All this raises serious questions about Kaliningrad, including the question of whether it could even look to secede.
CHAPTERS
0:00 Introduction and Titles
0:34 Enclaves and Exclaves in International Relations
2:10 Background to Kaliningrad
3:00 From Konigsberg to Kaliningrad
4:40 Kaliningrad under the USSR and Russia
7:48 EU-Lithuania Transit Restrictions on Kaliningrad
9:30 Russia Retaliation over Kaliningrad
11:16 Kaliningrad: A Russia-NATO Flashpoint?
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23 июл 2024