I went through all of Prof. Susskind's lecture in Stanford. Just want to kiss his hands for once in this life. The greatest person, physicist and a remarkable personality. Thank you for this invaluable podcast.
This is such a treat. I think this is one of the rare interviews with Leonard Susskind that really digs into the physics of his career instead of the (necessary but frustrating) popularization when metaphors and pictures get in the way of understanding. Thank you both very much.
@@stefanob1371 His weird Culture war TDS don't help either but I suspect that prob has to do with Epstein loving to dump money into physicist pockets and most are bought off or compromised if you know what I mean. Makes it hard to view these people as hero's knowing they are likely some of the worst people on the face of the planet.
You can use a calculator. It says 2 times two is four. It’s not surgically implemented. A robot doesn’t hold your hand. If a machine can not be held in the hand to calculate. It’s not available to a high school student
Dear Leonard, you are an inspiration for me for many years - I want to thank you in the name of myself, my students and colleagues for making me a better thinker, teacher and human being ❤️🌈👏🏾💖
I am so fortunate to listen to this again, and I thank you both. This is August 8, 2024. In addition, I want to add that in so many fields there are so many extradinary Jewish backgrounds who has made so many contributions to our world. I loved Spinoza as a philosopher and many writers, Carl Jung, and musicians and film makers. Thank you Larry and Dr. Susskind. What fun it is listen to physicist like yourselves. I was always interested in the string theory. I love listening to Bernardo Kastrup also.
Yes, there are a lot of poeple from Russia Germany Italy IRAN in the field. It does not matter what kind of random fluctuations people have in the brain and waht random sequence of letters they have in indentity card. The Origin is the same, but this random brain fluctuations can not get it, what is this Universe and what is time, what is inside singularity and why singularoty can not explode like Boig Bang.
Its amazing that homosapiens which have evolved over hundreds of thousands of years can think of things so abstract when we are evolved for competing for entropy and no GODS involved whatsoever
Ive read alot of susskinds books and listened to many of his lectures and as an adult i took physics and in a couple of weeks im studying theoretical physics at university as a 38 year old. On the situation I manage to survive this course and get my MSc I intend on sending one of my books to Susskind and asking if he would sign it, due to the endless aid they have been to me over the years. Additionally, Krauss and his early books were a large part of the reason I studied physics in the first place(it took me 10 years while I was working in social care to get my degree). Reading the physics of star trek was one of the inspirations for me and watching Krauss' lectures and debates kept me interested in physics for over 20 years. Great video!
What a beautiful mind! He shines beauty on many levels including the wisdom level through the grounded personality the deep respect and love he has to both of his parents, admirable! People like him who aced their game and can still show gratitude and humble side should be presidents and politicians.
I am an old academic wannabe with a bachelors in cell biology and a masters in philosophy. Unfortunately, I am totally blind these days so I will probably never study physics again, but I’m sure there are brilliant blind people out there who have the brain power for it. I read the cosmic landscape recently and yes, Leonard, you are a brilliant writer and I love how you can laugh at yourself even when people are groaning at your bad puns. I think you would be great at comedy riding if you should ever get the itch for it. Again, thank you for making theoretical physics accessible to the masses.
Lawrence I always had great respect for you not only as a physicist but also as a person of great integrity when you took up so many challenges which many of the politician-Physicist won't dare My respect for you increased even more after you interviewed Prof Sjukind who is a living legend not only as a physicist but as a teacher and writer. It was thoroughly enjoyable . Looking forward to your future podcasts.
As always, you are great Lawrence, and Mr. Susskind are very smart people. Thank you. I only understand 10% of the science; some are so difficult to digest. ❤️
I love my life! Two of my favorite physicists! Thanks to both of you, Lawrence and Leonard ❤❤, for enriching my life and my mind with your books and talks.
Seriously I don’t get why people find this so hard to believe or can’t comprehend it. The Large Hadron collider should’ve found evidence of super symmetric particles if String Theory was correct. Also it only got gravity and quantum mechanics to coexist in 10 dimensions. Thats not the world we live in. If it’s just a Matter of well we can’t “perceive” the dimensions we would still perceive other forces as a result of the extra dimensions. This is why every great mind who’s familiar with the subject/math but not a current practicing String theorist all have came to the same conclusion. A new theory is way past due.
The man said it: “String Theory with a capital ‘S’ is not a theory of our world,” but it’s so close and has produced so much useful physics-like holography-that whatever it becomes may yet be a grander unification. The fact that you can get so much real physics from one dimensional, extended objects vibrating in a dynamic background is astounding, especially if Nature refuses to use this trick.
I studied engineering just 10 years ago, and I still had to technical drawings of skrews, cogs and such with actualy pencils that had different degrees of hardness onto actual paper. So that stuff is still being done at universities. But in addition, I had to also be able to do it on the computer.
Not in the field, but always enjoyed Leonards Stanford lectures on RU-vid as well as Lawerence's content. Great Conversation :) Growing up, a couple of my high school peers' dads were physicists at the MSU cyclotron (Galonsky and Crawley I think) and another was a physics prof - Pollack. I had been to the lab a few times and helped count counts on incomprehensible instruments and watched a bit of the experiments though I had no idea then what any of it meant then lol. Turns out it was starting up the K-500-the world’s first superconducting cyclotron in 1981.
Very fun times in this podcast. Watched the whole thing. This cleared up the history and purpose of theories like S matrix QM and lattice gauge theory soooo much. As a proto theorist you hear of these things in class, and through exploration, but really chronologically ordering them and understanding even their purpose requires so much time, that isnt there… its just great to be able to see and experience the history of fundamental physics like that! Also the quote that went something like “anti string theory… HOW? Its a mathematical theory! What are you gonna be anti pythagorean theorem??” That was good
I really like Leonard's analogy for a black hole with the drain hole in the middle of an endless sea with water flowing down the hole onto the pointy rocks below. Tadpoles swimming in the sea are safe unless they cross the point of no return where the water flows faster than they can swim. Then they are doomed to fall onto the rocks below. This has stuck with me. :-)
Wonderful interview and even moving toward the end. Thank you. Loved the human and personal touch. Liked the many historical aspects too, e.g. citing the Veneziano's formula at the origin of spring/string idea. Also the String theory (capital S) is *not* a theory of our reality and toward the end the discussion of Landscape. If you are confused and overwhelmed as I do, remember Einstein's quote on comprehensibility of our universe.
Prompted by the interview to go back to Susskind's "The Black Hole War" and in the same vein as in my comment, I cannot resist to cite what he quoted at start of Ch. 24: "“We are just an advanced breed of monkeys on a minor planet of a very average star. But we can understand the Universe. That makes us something very special.” (Stephen Hawking)
This professional development sequence from Guru Teacher of learning by doing Intuition and re-cognition shows how Sciencing Re-search operates, from "Everything is connected, and It's always NOW" comes a realization in some degree of the Spinfoam bubble-modes vector-values of e-Pi-i relative-timing ratio-rates quantization cause-effect, aka Black-body inside-outside holographic positioning presence nucleation. Lenny fits the role of Mastery in/of the Singularity-point Centre of Time Duration Timing aspect-version of universal Math-Physics expertise.
Thank you so much for this fascinating conversation. I have two of his books and watched several of his lectures on RU-vid but this gave me a different angle "i don't know any other answer" ..that was cool 😂
We need a second part to discuss Susskind’s latest work on the great challenge to holography, that is, accounting for DeSitter space, which implies a theory of the hologram as bulk and the bulk as hologram, i.e how can the hologram account for its own expansion. And well, would love lawrence for discuss with him AMPS, fuzz balls (according to Mathur this refutes BH complementarity and standard understandings of what a BH is), ER= EPR, etc
For me transformative. Thank you so much. Am I right that it's not in Susskind's wheelhouse to think about the relationship between classical physics and quantum physics, so that discussing the measurement problem, for example, would not be expected in a conversation with him?
What do the Twistors of Roger Penrose and the Geometric Unity of Eric Weinstein and the exploration of one extra spatial dimension by Lisa Randall and the "Belt Trick" of Paul Dirac have in common? Is the following idea a “Quantized” model related to the “Vortex Theory” proposed by Maxwell and others during the 19th century? In Spinors it takes two complete turns to get down the "rabbit hole" (Alpha Funnel 3D--->4D) to produce one twist cycle (1 Quantum unit). Can both Matter and Energy be described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature? (A string is revealed to be a twisted cord when viewed up close.) Mass= 1/Length, with each twist cycle of the 4D Hypertube proportional to Planck’s Constant. In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137. 1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface 137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted. The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.) If quarks have not been isolated and gluons have not been isolated, how do we know they are not parts of the same thing? The tentacles of an octopus and the body of an octopus are parts of the same creature. Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the constant exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. Therefore, the gluon is a synthetic particle (zero mass, zero charge) invented to explain the Strong Force. The "Color Force" is a consequence of the XYZ orientation entanglement of the twisted tubules. The two twisted tubule entanglement of Mesons is not stable and unwinds. It takes the entanglement of three twisted tubules to produce the stable proton. Are the ideas above related to Dr. Susskind's work with "String Theory", but with only one extra spatial dimension? Can a twisted 3D4D "Soliton" also explain much of the current Standard Model?
Susskind is one of kind. Given his significant contributions to theoretical physics, it’s conceivable that Susskind could be considered for a Nobel Prize in the future. His pioneering ideas have profoundly influenced our understanding of the universe, and as the field of theoretical physics continues to evolve, his work might be recognized with this highest honor. ❤
Thank you for the podcast. I heard in another lecture that the cosmological constant is negative as per the predictions of string theory. String theory has several versions. Bosonic, D Branes etc. In this podcast Prof. Susskind mentions it to be zero. Can you please refer to the article where cosmological constant calculated to be zero from the string theory.
Really like your podcast, it's a treasure, but... the fact that you still don't use timestamps is a huge letdown. Two hour - three hour long episodes, don't do this Mr. Krauss, a scientist should lead the way, not follow from far behind, it's a must have for years now. Come on! ;)
Hi @@davidkiss3556! Origins production team here. We've added timestamps to this video and will start creating them for all future episodes. Thanks again for your continued support of the show and this good feedback that has helped us improve!
@@TheOriginsPodcast Thank you gyus and you're welcome! I already watched the full video this time around, but I'm sure it'll come in handy in the future, when I won't have enough time for a full episode!
Lenny like Steve Jobs is another prime example of the reason America's America. Regarding the concept of flux tubes as strings that must be quantized, I never understood why something that emerges out of quantizing gauge theories should again be quantized. Regarding the anthropic solution to the cosmological constant, I never understood the following. The Casimir energy problem tells us that the counting of modes in the vacuum and the calculation of the energy associated with that are compatible with the usual computation of vacuum energy in quantum field theory and if the total energy is calculated it ought to give us the Planckian value. My question is what is it in the theories of the landscape that cancels all of that, to leave out the value that we actually see.
at approx. 1:00 a very tall (near 7') physicist is described but I could not get the name as it was casually mentioned, What was that name, if someone knows, I'd appreciate if you would give me a reply on that,
Worried about the use of entropy in relation to black holes since entropy is defined for thermodynamically closed systems and we do not even know if supposed singularities in black holes radiate perturbations through the fabric of space in the form of random waves that can throw up maxima which achieve pair formation in the void (and in the presence of matter). It is possible that such waves affect the nature of some otherwise randomness in pseudo corpuscles at Planck lengths caused by fields so far undetected. Here we are postulating variations in the fabric of space at a whole range of measurement frequencies which create the randomisation of Planck lengths corpuscles that transmit photons in slightly randomised paths that Feynman's men summate.
A string may seem like a 1D object. But it's actually a circle in 1d a long thin rectangle in 2d a string in 3d in 4d would be a stack of matches stacked vertically perpendicular to the string.
What do You think about Andrzej Dragan and Artur Ekert showing that quantum effects might emerge from relativistic theory? Maybe interview with Andrzej Dragan?
Lenny is honest. In instruction and dialog. I dont know his politics to be fair because he doesnt put forward anything. Good move tbh. His mind is most interesting. I made a d&d character after him. Leonard Hardmath.
What happens to gravitons inside a black hole? The immense gravity has to be stripping gravitons out of the fabric of spacetime as it is shredded like paper through a paper shredder. Do those gravitons add to the mass of a black holes? If so then that could explain why some black holes are more massive than they should be.
That was an awesome interview, Lawrence. The mighty Susskin is a favorite of myself. I try to watch as many as he does. It's never boring with the mighty Susskin. I appreciate the time from your guest and, of course, yourself, so thank you to both and let's do it again. Peace ✌️ 😎 from Canada, eh. Learn something new every day. Greatness isn't given its earned, so be great.
Novel Dark Matter Hypothesis Dark Matter is simply unaccounted for gravity. GR states that gravity is the consequence of the curvature of spacetime. Is it possible that the structure of spacetime itself could be warped without the presence of matter? Spacetime has been shown to react like a fabric by warping, twisting, and propagating independently of mass, and all have been proven with observations from gravitational lensing, frame dragging, and now gravitational waves! Fabrics can also be stretched, pressured, and/or heated to the point of causing a deformation and losing its elastic nature. All of these conditions were extreme during inflation, so it is plausible that the “fabric” of spacetime analog could extend having its elastic property have hit a yield point leaving pockets of inelastic spacetime geodesic that cause gravity without the presence of matter? Therefore, if gravity is strictly the consequence of the warped of spacetime, and fabrics can be permanently overstretched, then those empty warped geodesics would create gravitational wells independent of mass. My hypothesis of DM is subatomic black hole imprints of the quantum fluctuations that popped in at the moment of inflation. The CMB shows where the hot dense regions were they created the galaxies. They would have been the initial cause and location of the warping. These imprints would be clouds of quantum sized floating fixed geodesics, so they couldn’t expand or evaporate. Perhaps nothing has been detected because there is nothing to detect. GR wouldn’t require modification because DM would just be an extension of how spacetime behaves at extreme conditions. No MOND, no WIMPs, and no parallel universes, just empty spacetime deformations that produce gravitational wells to help jump start galaxy accretion processes. Zwicky may have named is Missing Mass correctly since he detected some gravity without mass present to cause it…
I feel like at certain points the interviewer talked too much. Often time Susskind was interupted just as he was about to say something or elaborate on something interesting. If you have such an interesting and brilliant guest there is no need to steer him such a degree. Just let the man talk!
Very important law of physics, that you cannot erase quantum state (no cloning theorem), but why? Why can't a quantum state be copied? Theory of QM should investigate and provide an up to date explanation of the physics involved. It seems that any quantum state cannot be repeated leading to a state that is called incoherent, defining the classical/quantum divide.
3D super fluid, no small scale atomic boundary (Planck units are differential in size therefore a equal proportional difference in (c) transfer speed to other Planck units, If you want to know the difference in (h) between one part of the vacuum and another part of the vacuum, wavelength of a photon will decrease, and it's momentum will decrease, signatory of smaller planck mass as the photon moves into the gravity field (it has larger effect and slightly slower speed), and the opposite when it moves out (lesser momentum, faster transfer speed)). Black hole = power vacuum (they are porous and can merge, they have viscosity as well), Planck unit = power radiator (viscosity break down, they are not porous in the same way and mergers depend on their internal motion flux feed and output relative to each other [G differential throws planck units in a loop, viscosity break down]) (Planck units, and black holes are mirrors of each other) (toroid flow = planck unit, anti-toroidal flow = black hole) they can transition between each other. Planck units get smaller as you get closer to the black hole, therefore (c = transfer speed of forces to other Planck units, and h = circumference) become smaller progressively (planck density increases over the same super fluid volume as you move towards the center of the black hole). Planck units are toroids in superfluid state, they have a jet, they orientate their jets to equal out (2 pointed inwards 2 pointed outwards) (the jet = G) (planck units collide = photon transfer). 1/PlanckVelocityCurvature = smaller h value, and smaller c transfer speed to other Planck units. Each planck unit will have their own G value and it's proportional to there circumference length (h = circumference length, (c) = chained collision transfer speed of collision or jet pressure), ((G2-G1)/distance) * mass) by (new_h*new_c)^5/previous_planckEnergy^2 - (previous_h*previous_c)^5/new_planckEnergy^2/Distance between planck units, that is the force acting times the mass. When a black hole gets SUPER big, the G differential between Planck units gets very large, because the planck units become differential in size, causing curvature in their alignments, the smaller planck units recede to smaller scales (pushed by the larger G of larger planck units, Planck units nest near others closer to their size), and the black holes viscosity breaks down when they get large, turning into a power radiator (a very large planck unit) (spinning up black holes at the poles) then viscosity takes hold again as a result of radiating power (magnetic flux loops [particles] emerge out of the planck flux coming out the poles, collision with the planck field generates photons [collisions between Planck units]). The black holes can't maintain power radiator state, because they need other power radiators of the same scale to contain them. Dark energy and dark matter is just larger planck units progressively as you go towards the voids, while a black hole is made of very small planck units. While there is more G power for a Planck toroid in the dark energy portion of the planck field, they are very uniform in size relative to each other, therefore smaller amount of (G - G) differential between them, however, since these zones are so large, that slight bit of curvature (G differential) adds up. Whenever you have differential sized planck units, it curves their alignments relative to each other, therefore the larger the curvature there will be a larger G differential between them (G differential is gravity, rather than G of a single planck unit). Think of a Planck unit as pure magnetic flux (the concerted movement of many Planck units, when the viscosity of a black hole breaks down, do to planck units that make up it's body become to small relative to the larger ones, the power differential over powers the viscosity of the smaller ones, and throws the smaller Planck units into a loop [magnetic flux]) charge is just different flow directions in the magnetic flux because e^2/2pi*hbar*VacPerm*c they are inversely proportional to each other (extra charge = wobble in the system = extra magnetic flux on one side of the flow structure), I hope this helps! It's important to note, Planck movements can be very slow (magnetic flux), because the transfer speed of forces between Planck units is communicated at the local c value (relative to the planck average length * c average/distance [linear transfer, not taking into account curved alignment path of the many planck units]).
It takes time for a pair of virtual particles to cancel. A pair is formed either within the event horizon or outside. If within, both fall in automatically. There is a distance from the event horizon in which a pair does not have enough time to cancel. Outside this distance, neither virtual particle can fall in. Within this distance all of the quantum fluctuations get split. As soon as one touches the event horizon it gains negative energy and the other positive via quantum tunneling. It is impossible for the pair to cancel once one has touched the event horizon. This is hawking radiation. As we know, the event horizon is a 2D holographic representation of the matter inside. The missing 1D is stored within the singularity. The information stored here is quantum. Wave function. The negative energy virtual particle cancels out with the 2D representation of the classical information at the holographic event horizon and becomes entangled with the hawking radiation transferring the information. Never lost.
