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Licia Verde - What is the Deep Nature of Probability? 

Closer To Truth
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Probability may seem as simple as rolling dice. But probability is essential for describing the physical world and fundamental for how the world works. Almost every field of science uses probability, from discovering new subatomic particles to confirming new clinical drugs. Moreover, in the microworld, probability is the essence of quantum mechanics. What then is the essence of probability?
Licia Verde is a cosmologist and theoretical physicist and currently ICREA Professor of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Barcelona. Her research interests include large-scale structure, dark energy, inflation and the cosmic microwave background.
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#WomenInSTEM #Probability

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30 сен 2024

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Комментарии : 127   
@CloserToTruthTV
@CloserToTruthTV 4 года назад
March is Women's History Month. In light of this month that celebrates women and their contributions to history and society, Closer To Truth is highlighting remarkable women in philosophy and physics/cosmology. See the "Women in Philosophy and Physics/Cosmology" playlist: bit.ly/3dxbje1
@joedavis4150
@joedavis4150 4 года назад
... Terence McKenna, who I consider to be the most brilliant mind available on the internet, has honoring and regaining the feminine as a main ongoing theme.
@joedavis4150
@joedavis4150 4 года назад
@Jake Hoberg 1983 ... Jake, LOL, yes, things go better with women! My favorite woman is wonderhussy at wonderhussy Adventures on RU-vid. Peace and love brother.
@joedavis4150
@joedavis4150 4 года назад
@Jake Hoberg 1983 Jake, I will definitely check out Lisa Randall. Thanks.
@runwiththewind3281
@runwiththewind3281 4 года назад
1. MSA, measurement system analysis 2. Residuals analysis 3. Hypothesis testing, comparative methods 4. R squared analysis 5 sample size, power of the test analysis. Then......Instinct
@bonesjones3421
@bonesjones3421 4 года назад
I agree with Richard Feynman, "anyone who claims to understand this, is either crazy or a liar".
@xspotbox4400
@xspotbox4400 4 года назад
@Jake Hoberg 1983 There are known knowns, known unknowns and unknown unknowns.
@philosophyversuslogic
@philosophyversuslogic 4 года назад
Be a liar is definitely better than to be "closer to truth" or "lesswrong".
@xspotbox4400
@xspotbox4400 4 года назад
@Jake Hoberg 1983 Don't blame God, hate Hall 2000, that computer from 2001: A Space Odyssey movie that was only doing it's job.
@shoopinc
@shoopinc 4 года назад
Licia Verde is crazy, but definitely telling some truth here.
@bonesjones3421
@bonesjones3421 4 года назад
What I meant to say is that during Richard's time we didn't have a complete physical theory and no one (including Richard) really understood the implications of quantum mechanics. Even many years later to the present time we still don't have a complete theory or understanding of physical reality.
@rajeev_kumar
@rajeev_kumar 2 года назад
Interesting, she sounds like a Russian.
@richardmasters8424
@richardmasters8424 4 года назад
Einstein thought that ‘...coincidences disguise the hand of God’.
@JoeHarkinsHimself
@JoeHarkinsHimself 4 года назад
to quote the esteemed scholar Elaine Bennett: fake, fake, fake quoteinvestigator.com/2015/04/20/coincidence/ "Coincidence is God’s way of remaining anonymous. - Albert Einstein In conclusion, Albert Einstein was first linked to the quotation under examination many years after his death. There is no substantive evidence that Einstein ever employed the saying."
@JoeHarkinsHimself
@JoeHarkinsHimself 4 года назад
@Jake Hoberg 1983 And he did not mean what you think it means. It's just another out of context distortion. First let's see the context and start with the words he actually said, in what context they were said and to whom he said them. Max Born was a fellow scientist, strong advocate for Quantum Mechanics, which Einstein himself proposed early on. Einstein did not like the uncertainties that lead to Schrodinger's Cat and Heisenberg's "uncertainty principle" but, scientist that he was, he could not deny the evidence. Born's work lead him to suggest Einstein’s "ghost field" actually was something Born called "probability amplitude." He, therefore, on December 4, 1926, wrote a letter to Born in which he expressed his objection: "Quantum mechanics is certainly imposing. But an inner voice tells me that it is not yet the real thing. The theory says a lot, but does not really bring us any closer to the secret of the ‘old one’. I, at any rate, am convinced that He is not playing dice." The dialog continued back and forth over the years as more data were collected. In 1944 he wrote to Born: "We have become antipodean in our scientific expectations. You believe in the God who plays dice, and I in complete law and order in a world which objectively exists, and which I, in a wildly speculative way, am trying to capture" Notice it is BORN's god, not Einsteins. Clearly Einstein is saying, much clearer the second time, your god, according to your theory, is playing dice with reality. Back in 1926, it is also Born's dice-playing god he is objecting to, not his own god. Einstein himself cleared up the matter in a letter he wrote in 1954: "I do not believe in a personal God and I have never denied this but have expressed it clearly. If something is in me which can be called religious then it is the unbounded admiration for the structure of the world so far as our science can reveal it."
@JoeHarkinsHimself
@JoeHarkinsHimself 4 года назад
@Jake Hoberg 1983 context and more information. I doubt he had a pretty little box or a box of anything. His writings said he accepts the Heienberg Uncertainty Principle and Born's Paradox - but he didn't like them.
@richardmasters8424
@richardmasters8424 4 года назад
I just remember what my physics teacher told me over 40 years ago - it has always intrigued me. I am now a Problacist and I believe that everything can be explained by an inherent ‘consciousness’ of the universe. ‘Spooky action at a distance’ is most simply explained by the universe ‘knowing’ what is going to happen and responding accordingly. But of course ‘real’ scientists hate that idea and can’t countenance it. They have the arrogance to believe that every working of the universe is mathematically explainable and they are spending $10s Bns to prove it, but haven’t come up with any other explanation for more than a century!
@JoeHarkinsHimself
@JoeHarkinsHimself 4 года назад
@Jake Hoberg 1983 says (speaking of Einstein) "on his death bed. Admitting that consciousness was affecting the results of the experiment. " I am not aware of that. Do you have a citation for the original text of the letter?
@StanTheObserver-lo8rx
@StanTheObserver-lo8rx 4 года назад
I'm surprised Robert that you haven't taken on Hypnosis. What is it? Does science believe in it? I've seen people do things under it and can't figure where the break from reality is considering they are awake and answering. Seems like the cousin of ESP. What's the truth on that?
@xspotbox4400
@xspotbox4400 4 года назад
Hypnosis is one, dreams are another and reality is third probability, all together result in your existence.
@forestpepper3621
@forestpepper3621 4 года назад
Here is a great quote on the relation between Probability and Statistics, from the book: "Numerical Recipes", 2nd ed. (Press, Taukolsky, et al.) I find this an interesting perspective on the subject. I wonder what a Statistician would think. Section 14.0: "The analysis of data inevitably involves some trafficking with the field of statistics, that gray area which is not quite a branch of mathematics - and just as surely not quite a branch of science." Section 15.1: "It is not meaningful to ask the question, 'What is the probability that a particular set of fitted parameters is correct?' The reason is that there is no statistical universe of models from which the parameters are drawn. There is just one model, the correct one, and a statistical universe of data sets that are drawn from it!" skip a paragrah, then: " In other words, we identify the probability of the data given the parameters (which is a mathematically computable number), as the likelihood of the parameters given the data. This identification is entirely based on intuition. It has no formal mathematical basis in and of itself; as we already remarked, statistics is not a branch of mathematics!"
@heya2147
@heya2147 4 года назад
i would be more moderate (probabilist here) on that: in my opinion, when comparing two models, it may offer some information as to which one fits the data the most (not an indication of objective truth but it's something real). A portion of science is based on non-scientific arguments ( for instance how to allocate resources between competing explanations) and this could be an addition to that process
@XavierMurugarren
@XavierMurugarren 4 года назад
What a pleasure be able to enjoy Licia Verde in my favourite science channel. Licia is an outstanding scientist, among the most interesting European astrophysicists and one of the pearls of the Catalan knowledge system (Premi Nacional de Recerca - Catalan National Research Award 2018).
@fushumang1716
@fushumang1716 4 года назад
"In some sense, we are a product of randomness and probability" yet quantum mechanics requires an observer to reveal reality, so at the fundamental level, seems to be begging the question
@richardmasters8424
@richardmasters8424 4 года назад
Fush Umang .......is consciousness inherent in the universe to bring about its required reality?
@shoopinc
@shoopinc 4 года назад
@@richardmasters8424 Yes, that is a likely possibility plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-decoherence/. Alternatively multiverse is true and we happen to be in the universe where everything appears to collapse exactly according to observation (within Heisenberg uncertainty). In my opinion both claims are equally fantastic, I like Neumann's a little better as a religious man.
@richardmasters8424
@richardmasters8424 4 года назад
Shoop - yes both difficult to believe, but I find the multiverse theory much more ridiculous than the belief that consciousness is inherent in our own universe to bring about its required reality.
@heya2147
@heya2147 4 года назад
or the measurement problem is not solved... It is entirely possible that we don't fully understand how/why wave functions collapse
@jacoboribilik3253
@jacoboribilik3253 2 месяца назад
No one has a clue as to what it is and it will remain to be the case for eternity.
@jameshudson169
@jameshudson169 6 месяцев назад
forse sarebbe piu meglo si era in italiano con sottotitoli? la proxima volta......
@johnsmith1474
@johnsmith1474 4 года назад
Would have been nice, seeing they are talking models and measures, to do this with a blackboard.
@SampathKumar-rz6vl
@SampathKumar-rz6vl 4 года назад
Her accent is beautiful
@ihossi22
@ihossi22 4 года назад
Can the interviewer shut up with his annoying "alright" and "okay" and just let her speak?
@SuitedPup
@SuitedPup Год назад
Do your own interviews
@heya2147
@heya2147 4 года назад
Hum they both make some really weird comments on probability. We have uncertainty on which model (if any that we found) is closer to truth and it may or may not be a good idea to put some probabilities on that. However this modeling only justifies when comparing two predetermined models. When talking about "putting probability on a model" and including the "truth" it might sound ok at first but from a theoretical probability point of view it raises huge issues. Since we have little information about what the best model could be we would have to have a HUGE space for models. Putting probabilities/algebra with usable properties is not obvious at all (almost all theorems require to have a polish space). (see for instance arxiv.org/pdf/1204.3183v1.pdf ) What i don't understand is that how observations fit prediction IS how you evaluate a model. You could differentiate between models which one fits data the most/is more "likely" (or precise/correct) but referring to an objective truth and putting a probability to it seems "scientious" (at least not based in math). Also the link with probabilities in quantum mechanics is a dubious comparison: the early quantum fluctuations have necessarily influenced our universe but now the "rules are fixed". Putting probabilities on interaction of particles (even a lot) is easy because it has a lot of structure. There is no reason to believe that rules of physics between high and low energy have a nice way of being represented. You could say that the rules of the universe are a primordial quantum effect and as such they are random but since we don't know how they happened in the first place (high energy effects) and what the range of possibilities is i don't see where this is taking anything...
@AlekosEscu
@AlekosEscu Год назад
Doesn't it all add up to one? 😥
@AlekosEscu
@AlekosEscu Год назад
What a nice channel ❤❤❤💪
@swarajnanda7874
@swarajnanda7874 3 года назад
I am enlightened....
@Saed7630
@Saed7630 9 месяцев назад
Probability is the average occurence of an event. Uncertainty in measurement is not probability. We can use statistics to explain uncertainty and use probability to generalize our explanation.
@kevinvanhorn2193
@kevinvanhorn2193 Месяц назад
You are merely stating frequentist dogma, which puts you about 100 years behind the times. But probabilities may also be viewed as measuring degree of justified credence -- these are known as Bayesian or epistemic probabilities. It's been shown in various ways that if you want to reason consistently about "degrees of credence," you need to use the laws of probability.
@Saed7630
@Saed7630 Месяц назад
@@kevinvanhorn2193 Do you really understand what you are talking about? Or just repeating what you learned from those teachers who themselves did not understand what they were talking about.
@rasanmar18
@rasanmar18 4 года назад
Uncertainty due to sample (data available) + uncertainty due to measurement system.
@rasanmar18
@rasanmar18 4 года назад
@@hyperduality2838 Yes, you're right, that's the uncertainty physicists usually talk about. I just wanted to highlight the other two that are less common in physics language. In my PhD, I recently explore the implications of these two. Thanks for your comments.
@mainakmazumder6536
@mainakmazumder6536 9 месяцев назад
Loved it!
@ThalesPo
@ThalesPo 4 года назад
As far as I can tell, "random" refers to our ignorance. I define it as "some piece of data to which we are too ignorant to know where it came from". Everything obeys mathematical patterns, but when we don't know the origin of some piece of information, we call it random. So it's a relative thing. One thing may be random to one person and not to the other.
@Hombolicious
@Hombolicious 4 года назад
That sounds reasonable. What we call randomness is simply something we don't understand, often because the complexity boggles the mind.
@johnsmith1474
@johnsmith1474 4 года назад
Random is a mathematical term, it does not mean "unknown" as we might use it in day to day speech. Any form of "random" factor with respect to this discussion will be perfectly consistent to all persons.
@ThalesPo
@ThalesPo 4 года назад
@@johnsmith1474. What does it mean then?
@johnsmith1474
@johnsmith1474 4 года назад
@@Hombolicious - Did you graduate from high school?
@johnsmith1474
@johnsmith1474 4 года назад
@@ThalesPo - First of all, your approach is smart, simply ask the most basic question. A lot of people, motivated by what they presume to be obvious, refuse to do this, so score one for your ability to learn more deeply by virtue of making the right inquiry. Randomness has a literary meaning related to aimlessness or open-endedness. But in science it is related to unpredictability, the inability to use an algorithm to find an exact answer. This is not the same as a thing being unknown. For instance quantum mechanics is the most accurate & precise area of science, but all that precision is expressed as probabilities. The classic example is that, if you have 100 billion atoms of a radioactive substance, you know EXACTLY when half of it will decay radioactively, nothing is more certain than when 50 billion of the atoms will decay and we call that the "half-life." However at the same time every atom is exactly identical, and there is no way to predict WHICH of the atoms will decay and which will not. The half life of the total is known exactly, but which decay and which do not is absolutely random. Read the section in here under "science." en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomness. Thanks for demonstrating smart inquiry, nothing is beyond you, given time, if you stay on that style of learning.
@tomingrassiaimages8776
@tomingrassiaimages8776 4 года назад
gave up at 7:13
@albertjackson9236
@albertjackson9236 3 года назад
There is no deep nature of probability. Probability only exist when we only know the frequency distribution of possibilities, or, it is just the result of measurement frequencies.
@jacklcooper3216
@jacklcooper3216 4 года назад
Elegant
@GeoCoppens
@GeoCoppens 4 года назад
"What is the Deep Nature of Probability?" What a rubbish sort of question! Nothing DEEP!!!
@BRunoAWAY
@BRunoAWAY 3 года назад
Probability Its Just a Tool
@xxxs8309
@xxxs8309 4 года назад
Excellent questions
@drijazdurrani
@drijazdurrani 2 года назад
Ladies are wonderfully erudite at Explaining the Ultimate Questions in Physics; Dr Lisa Randall and Dr Licia Verde are just two examples!!
@lucianmaximus4741
@lucianmaximus4741 4 года назад
Kudos -- 444 Gematria -- 🗽
@terrywbreedlove
@terrywbreedlove 4 года назад
The deep nature of quantum probability leads to God
@StanTheObserver-lo8rx
@StanTheObserver-lo8rx 4 года назад
If everything is possible in our or other or past or future Universes,then probability is just odds,right?
@jairofonseca1597
@jairofonseca1597 4 года назад
... and you go to a blind date, and discover she is way more intelligent than you.
@Domispitaletti
@Domispitaletti 4 года назад
Thought at some point she would grab his throat and shout "where's mah money, fratello?"
@spensert4933
@spensert4933 3 года назад
Cool station and interviewing women cool 💡
@ajakowski
@ajakowski 4 года назад
What kind of question is this `the deep nature of such and such concept'? We are in the twenty first century, and if we have not found these essentialist approaches way too misleading/useless, philosophy is destined to stay as an elegant word play.
@Aluminata
@Aluminata 4 года назад
Hai rielhe dornoh wotchu ah saiyin...
@Requiredfields2
@Requiredfields2 Год назад
Nice! But what is Cosmology?
@cinemar
@cinemar 4 года назад
Her accent is killing me.
@xspotbox4400
@xspotbox4400 4 года назад
0 is mathematics biggest blunder.
@pmcate2
@pmcate2 4 года назад
why?
@xspotbox4400
@xspotbox4400 4 года назад
@@pmcate2 Because you must perform infinite amount of calculations before balance can converge into exactly neutral state.
@pmcate2
@pmcate2 4 года назад
@@xspotbox4400 You're not making sense. You took a bunch of fancy terms and made a nonsensical sentence. What kind of calculations? Balance of what? What is an exactly neutral state? You need to explain yourself better.
@xspotbox4400
@xspotbox4400 4 года назад
@@pmcate2 0 does not exist, it's just a mathematical convenience imported from India and Arabia into western world long ago. Romans didn't know 0, so they couldn't work with large numbers, they had to use many symbols to describe simple five digit number, for example. You can read more about this or watch prof.Jim Khalili videos. 0 could mean many things, it can close a set of numbers, but usually it mean perfect balance between two opposite potentials. In example, we have negative set of infinite numbers on one side and positive set on other, 0 is where both infinities exactly cancel out. Or it could be any other balance, like in electricity, magnets and gravity. Problems is, things are not point like dots and can never move at perfectly straight path, matter is smeared at larger area and there are is only probability something exist at certain here and now. Same goes with mathematics, sure we can simplify number theory, but once we dig deeper into prove for axioms and theorems, things can get complicated beyond believe. Actually i doubt we can ever count from 1 to 2, there are infinite steps between those different, but same entities. 1 is obviously not same as 2, it could mean one and another one, but you have to prove it, start somewhere and explain what do you mean by 1 exactly, where did it come from and what are it's limits. I better not start, it's complicated, but can be done. 3 is entire another dimension of problems, in theory you can split things at exact half, but try split in 3 parts, no way it can be done. 3 is hard to distinguish from many, if possible at all, because infinity in number theory. And all this apply only to mathematical theory, reality can never be split at exact half's, or it can, but we will never know where, when and who made it there. There's also something like 3 body problem, if you want to research further, dimensional mathematics is yet another beast. There is no nothing and we can never know exact balance, there's only most probable outcome, but never exact answer, things can never disappear from this universe, because reasons. .
@pmcate2
@pmcate2 4 года назад
​@@xspotbox4400 Imaginary numbers don't exist either. Do you have a problem with them? Perfect circles don't exist, do you have a problem with geometry because of that? Mathematically, there is only a problem with 0 if a contradiction arises from it's definition. To date, there have been no contradictions found in ZFC. Now, you are correct in the sense that there may be a contradiction. So if you firmly believe that 0 causes problems, then you need to prove that there is a contradiction. Otherwise, there seems to be no reason to think that 0 leads to problem anymore than any other mathematical definition. Where the hell are you getting the fact that things can be split exactly in half but not into thirds? Btw what is your background in math?
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