Life Without Oxygen? Challenge Accepted

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Slimy, a little smelly, maybe even a little gross, but to many organisms, the oxic-anoxic transition is a shifting chemical boundary that has created a challenge for life...a challenge it conquered.
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This video features the tracks "Spirula" and "Supergravity" by Andrew Huang, which you can find for sale at www.andrewhuang.bandcamp.com
Journey to the Microcosmos is a Complexly production.
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Sources:
ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/sp...
www.britannica.com/science/sp...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...
academic.oup.com/femsre/artic...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/a...
www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/re...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/1...
academic.oup.com/femsec/artic...
aem.asm.org/content/71/7/3682
www.frontiersin.org/articles/...
link.springer.com/article/10....
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...

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30 сен 2019

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Комментарии : 451

@vlogbrothers 4 года назад

Not sure why but this is my favorite thing to watch right before bed. -John

@kyle_mk17 3 года назад

Me to 😊

@BitterTast3 3 года назад

*too

@jerponemyce9497 3 года назад

@@BitterTast3 which came first? Your name, or your comment?

@ValkyriRandgris Год назад

What came first the comment or the reply 🤔

@Rubrickety 4 года назад

"Thanks, oxygen!"- Rarely has the internal tension between Microcosmos Hank and SciShow Hank been more palpable. :-)

@specterowl1440 4 года назад

Beautiful little watery bags of life

@jtktomb8598 4 года назад

as a big bag of red water i liked this comment

@JustinKoenigSilica 4 года назад

Tits?

@anosmianAcrimony 4 года назад

On our beautiful danger-ball

@Nine-Signs 4 года назад

I once saw humans described by a microbial life form as Ugly Giant Bags Of Mostly Water.

@mgmartin51 4 года назад

ArmyOfAll Star Trek the Next Generation

@WireMosasaur 4 года назад

....hmmmm time for an Eons crossover about the rise and fall of early anaerobic vs. aerobic life? :O

@brianthibodeau2960 4 года назад

I support this message.

@spacemoth4973 4 года назад

I also support this message

@BenGrem917 4 года назад

Shut up and take my money!

@Sorkabeth 4 года назад

@Feniso 4 года назад

Yummy yummy

@limiv5272 4 года назад

The real challenge was actually living WITH oxygen

@rdbury507 4 года назад

Yeah, life began on an earth without oxygen, but then it was released as a waste product until life was forced to adapt and start utilizing it. Chemists frequently have to keep oxygen away from their reactions to keep them from being spoiled. So as gasses go, from a non-human perspective at least, oxygen is pretty noxious and corrosive.

@jds189 4 года назад

@@rdbury507 yo that blew my mind

@rdbury507 4 года назад

@@jds189 See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Oxidation_Event for more info.

@dandanthedandan7558 4 года назад

Basically all animals were so done with plant farts that they started using it as fuel. Great!

@Dragrath1 4 года назад

Yep for our complex (probably Asgardian) archaea ancestors it seems to have involved literally assimilating an oxic bacterium which is kind of a mindboggling adaptation.

@FiveDallaHalla 4 года назад

7:48 "NEEYOOOOOOOM!"

@bubhoward8642 3 года назад

Lmao

@richi3500 3 года назад

Speeding ciliates

@eyeln9ne696 4 года назад

Hank sounds like he's trying to seduce me with science.... and it's working.

@CaveyMoth 4 года назад

It sounds like he's giving a deep dive into playstation 4 tech.

@bradleydale3589 4 года назад

My favorite part of Tuesdays are these videos. Them and the tacos.

@TragoudistrosMPH 4 года назад

"Today on the Microcosmos, the bacteria in your tacos" 😥😥😥

@ShadowCoH316 4 года назад

HANK. HANK. I've already said it but I cant get enough of that soothing voice in this series, you're really killing it! 😍

@barbarahouk1983 4 года назад

I must agree. Actually, I had to read the credits before I knew it was Hank that was narrating. I really wanted to know bc I really liked the voice. I was surprised.

@Beryllahawk 4 года назад

Little Macromonas doin' the macarena hahaha I love how colorful these are. I never thought of anaerobic micro-organisms as being colorful, or even very active. It's been decades since I was in any sort of biology class of course, but at least back then, the way that anaerobes were discussed made them sound like strange, alien creatures that just kind of hung out. As if metabolizing sans oxygen was SO difficult that they had to be really still and conserve what energy they could make, I guess. Maybe the understanding then was different, less nuanced than it is now, but it's still fascinating to learn this new aspect of creatures that I thought I knew a little about. It's nice finding out that there's more to learn!

@yatint9665 4 года назад

I am honestly surprised that this channel hasn't got a million subscribers already... Like... I can't put my finger on a reason for this... It has interesting content, narrated excellently by one of youtube's most popular creatares.... Why so...?

@__mk_km__ 4 года назад

Maybe because it was created only a few months ago

@jrobertsbrewer 4 года назад

It is new.. and many sad folks are focused on the mundane social media phenomena. This is one of the best natural science shows available on the internet. Kudos to all that bring this gem to us.

@wastrel7207 4 года назад

I tell everyone I know about it:)

@Mr0Anonymous0 4 года назад

The majority of the People are not ready for this

@MrGX200 4 года назад

I hope this channel will reach 1 million subscribers soon.

@Pants4096 4 года назад

I'd like a channel where quiet-Hank reads bedtime stories. I really like that voice.

@Sneemaster 4 года назад

Yeah, I can use it when I get insomnia. Love the videos and those little critters wiggling around, haha.

@thepencilcunts 4 года назад

I'd like to hear him read german grade bed time stories tbh

@Niekard 4 года назад

I love scishow so much but I used to watch every episode on low volume and 0.75x speed to try and get the same atmosphere as this channel. And then this channel happened! Still wish I could get my mixed-science dose in a manner closer to this but I really appreciate microcosmos!

@dogbert02 4 года назад

The Pencil Cunts Where an owl eats a kid? Nope.

@ElbiAdajew 4 года назад

As always, splendid. If you're still accepting challenges, I'd like to raise the bar with one word: extremophiles. Thank you again for the fascinating video!

@ludettep 4 года назад

There's a scishow tangents podcast about extremities that's worth a listen

@ChrisBryer 4 года назад

Vid should have been called "Of Mud And Microbes"

@anakimluke 4 года назад

So one thing I was wondering while watching these videos is: How come there is a two dimensional aspect to the movement of the organisms? It's like they prefer to move vertically/horizontally, not "up" and "down" towards the camera. Is it just because the glass it that far apart from them and is just blocking the way?

@0612rex 4 года назад

AnakimLuke the larger organisms can’t move up or down because the coverslip blocking the way. The reason we don’t see the others go up or down is probably because the footage was rejected. The depth of field at these magnifications is tiny, so a little movement up or down completely blurs the subject.

@FumbleSquid 4 года назад

If you look at the microbes that aren't being talked about you can sometimes see them going in and out of focus. That is them moving in the 3rd dimension.

@GrassPossum 4 года назад

You can see some depth of things on the smallest of them. You can see as some go in and out of focus, which is them moving towards and away, hence 3rd direction. However they are under a slide, so have a very small space, basically on 2 dimensions. Otherwise how can one focus a microscope on moving things?

@revenevan11 3 года назад

At least in the case of those spinning/spiraling sulphur bacteria, their movement across the gradient of sulphur and oxygen concentrations would be vertical, but because they're in a cover slip capped slide they can't. This requirement for a complex 3d ecosystem may be one of the main reasons it's so hard to cultivate them in the lab, and especially difficult to observe them continuously while doing so.

@mastershooter64 Год назад

they do! it's just that they go out of focus if they do

@cheaterman49 4 года назад

3:40 wait wait wait, these Thiospirillum things, that live in anoxic environments, is that the Purple Earth that was talked about by PBS Eons sister channel?

@andrewmeyer8783 4 года назад

Yep. Purple sulfur bacteria.

@Pants4096 4 года назад

I'm trying to imagine the world before the Great Oxygen Catastrophe. So fascinating to think about!

@dnmr 4 года назад

there was no internet, so it probably sucked

@Jobobn1998 4 года назад

I imagine organisms were much, much less mobile. Not just because certain familiar structures for movement might not have evolved yet, but just because anaerobic respiration is ridiculously less efficient. While it's an oversimplification, the general comparison is 2 ATP per molecule of glucose for anaerobic respiration vs 38 for aerobic. (Obviously, organisms that have metabolisms involving end-stage electron acceptors will have a better payout, but this is necessarily broad) Ignoring the actual difficulty of acquiring nineteen times the food for the same energy payout, I find it interesting to consider the mobility restrictions all the extra mass would impose. After all, if you need to have internal food storage that is nineteen times more massive, then that's even more energy that will be required to move an organism around--which would radically compound with the lower energy available for movement from respiration.

@barbarahouk1983 4 года назад

Seriously you can look at the Chemistry at the earth’s vents in the deep oceans if you want to look at this subject.

@branhan215124 4 года назад

I really wanna see a Journey to the Bloodstream and see the tiny life in blood with these beautiful cameras

@minepose98 4 года назад

I think anything alive in blood will quickly stop being alive

@patstaysuckafreeboss8006 4 года назад

@@minepose98 Hey. Dont do that. Stop it

@User-47.00 4 года назад

Once again and as always, absolutely stunning and beautiful content. This channel better never stop creating such beauty. The world needs this science!

@harshksanghavi 4 года назад

I watch this when I want to relax. I don't comment too often on videos. But this is just so soothing.

@hurpdurp3669 3 года назад

1:07 Hydra: Ho-de-hum I guess I'm just hanging out in mid water... normal life here... Water Flea: *If I stay REALLY STILL maybe I won't get eaten*

@TheRogueWolf 4 года назад

7:56- Go home, _Macromonas,_ you're drunk.

@goodchessactor 4 года назад

Suddenly these videos have become my favorites. Keep up the good work!

@AFishBicycle 4 года назад

Thank you to the whole crew, the content you produce is amazeballs!

@leverknight1 4 года назад

Awesome new video

@LEDewey_MD 4 года назад

Another wonderful, ethereal, meditative, and beautiful production from the Microcosmos! 💞

@SirajFlorida 4 года назад

Thank you for making these videos. I, for one, have been glued to your subscription. I hope you don't stop making them. Really, they're the most enjoyable and enlightening shorts I have viewed I've quite some time. Thank you again! 😁

@matricepeinard7879 4 года назад

I was ready for 30 minutes of anoxic footage and talk, the end of this episode came surprisingly fast. That definitely means an impactful and fascinating work. Thank you

@Dwumper 4 года назад

I didn't care a whole lot about the channel when Hank first announced it but now that I actually started to work through the backlog of videos, it's quickly becoming one of my favorites. Everything is just spectacular from the music and narration to the footage itself. Keep up the amazing work and thanks for showing me this incredible tiny world that surrounds me.

@nerdcuddles7731 4 года назад

This channel really helps with my recent stress, So glad I found it

@jupiter7795 4 года назад

I love an atmosphere while reading, being able to look up from your book and see something in nature that just feels "right". I turn autoplay on, go to fullscreen, and mute Microcosmos while SPORE OST plays in the background. Perfect.

@kjohn5224 4 года назад

A quick suggestion, these videos are amazing and awe inspiring. I think they could be improved by pointing at the specific thing being talked about in the video somehow.

@sarcasticbandit3298 4 года назад

This is such a great channel. Keep up the work cobbas

@Mr_woerm 4 года назад

This is my new favorite channel!!

@chromabotia 4 года назад

Brilliant! Thanks so much for this series.

@scaffa1478 4 года назад

The video quality and educational value is so well done, especially for a youtube video. Keep it up multicellular man!

@Cgraseck 4 года назад

Thanks for including the magnifications! Cheers, Chris

@davide2711 4 года назад

I really like the bacteria stuff. Can you do one on hospital infections? C dif, MERSA etc?

@GetToThePointAlready 4 года назад

*There's two things perfect in this world.* Journey to the Microcosmos, & More Journey to the Microcosmos.

@katiekane5247 4 года назад

Don't forget ZeFrank!

@jabzcreations 4 года назад

And don't forget chuck Norris

@jobriq5 4 года назад

7:30 go spinny boi go!

@clanmeademagruder9692 4 года назад

Love the video and music great job microcosmos team love the video’s

@einsteindrieu 3 года назад

Thank you Journey to the Microcosmos !!!

@Xeelia 4 года назад

Amazing as always!

@cayennekid1 4 года назад

Hands down this is my new favorite youtube channel. Incredible

@Cmdr_Kellie 4 года назад

I get SO excited to see a new video from this channel! Liked and Shared :)

@duncanstevens2631 4 года назад

I learned a great deal from this video! Thanks for an unexpected and wonderful experience!

@paulnuske2625 3 года назад

You guys rock, I love your work, thank you very much.

@citizenoftheworld-maan5682 4 года назад

COOL SOOTHING VOICE... MAGICALLY RELAXING...

@spiercephotography 4 года назад

YAY! Just in time for me to be able to watch on my lunch break, so i don't have to wait until the evening :D

@elipsorange 4 года назад

I fucking love this channel. Please never leave my life! You legit just gained a patreon.

@jeannetteparry5587 Год назад

When I left a bath cleaning scourer on the side of the bath for too long it started to grow purple patches. After reading that most of these bacteria like anoxic conditions I wondered if this was the reason they were hiding in the sponge, and how they avoided too much oxygen. Now it seems more likely they may have been Achromatium or one of its pals. Fascinating!

@felpshehe 4 года назад

How do you film anaerobe microbes? I can't imagine how you'd keep oxygen out of the sample.

@tomb.4580 4 года назад

There are anaerobic organisms which can tolerate oxygen to a certain extent (aerotolerant). But for obligate anaerobic ones you could probably ad a reducing agent (I'd imagine thiosulfat could work) to reduce any dissolved O2/ROS. But I can't guarantee that this is correct

@tomb.4580 4 года назад

And you could also work in something called a anaerobic chamber, but I don't know if they used one

@zorezakbar9892 4 года назад

I swear I am loving this chanel

@andyscott350 4 года назад

Another facinating video. This is becoming my favorite channel. What kind of equipment do you use? I would love to get a microscope and look at tiny worlds too.

@MerganNaidoo 4 года назад

I like to see the living probiotic microbes we have in our food

@yoursexualizedgrandparents6929 4 года назад

The music for this is very atmospheric, and it really fits what the video is about. Whoever made or chose the music deserves a raise.

@tinkmarshino 4 года назад

Dang.. I would have never guess that I would become so mesmerized by the micro world as I have become.. I subed about a month or so ago and have peruse some of your videos.. I am captivated! Help prisoner by the amazing world I see before my eyes.. (You should see this on my 70" 4k tv screen!) Such a wonderful idea.. Thanks to you all, carry on, and ya all be safe with them micro bugs.. thanks again!

@TheRogueWolf 4 года назад

Amazing how calming and captivating this stuff is, isn't it?

@tinkmarshino 4 года назад

@@TheRogueWolf it's it though.. fascinating .. who knew?

@Forcemaster2000 4 года назад

Journey to the Microcosmos should be nominated for an Emmy if that's even possible!

@LouisGedo 4 года назад

Another excellent episode!

@willbrown8188 4 года назад

This might be my favorite channel, and I’ve been watching RU-vid for a decade

@Donyce19 4 года назад

I don't know how long you've been making these videos, but this looks amazing

@amandab2993 4 года назад

I love this channel so much 💛

@joykunjappu1745 4 года назад

I love this series, is there a channel that is similar for things going on in the humsn body? Like what cells do etc

@danmils09 4 года назад

This is a fantastically gripping channel!

@ShawnAllenStrausser 3 года назад

So good! You should do one on magnetotactic bacteria, that often live in this oxic-anoxic transition zone :-)

@letitbeso3727 3 года назад

MAGNIFICIENT and BEAUTIFUL and ILLUMINATing. just marvelous, this journey is so captivating and also so mind boggolowing. it answers so much and brings in so many questions, kudos. and thnx.

@getzvalerevich6565 2 года назад

Love the content, especially about purple bacteria. Thank you

@bigbengamer 4 года назад

If you guys ever made a 20 or 30 minute video, I'd totally watch it

@johngleeman8347 4 года назад

I love this show. The tenacity and ingenuity of microscopic life is a balm for the vapid disappointments and ennui of my modern human existence. X3

@JaapWillem1990 4 года назад

Yay, a new video

@randywatson8347 4 года назад

So facinating.

@abnerwish7511 4 года назад

Our world is so vastly complex and wonderfully amazing! Thanks you for sharing your talents👍

@ascaron137 4 года назад

I was really waiting a "life, uh, finds a way" at the end

@moiraesfate1 4 года назад

I so love this channel

@patronusnatio7401 4 года назад

Still love this channel. Nothing like it anywhere else.

@nightrous3026 4 года назад

Ever since its conception this channel has been a gem.

@chir0pter Год назад

Bacteria and archaea are where it's at in terms of exotic electron acceptors- they breathe metal oxides like iron oxide and manganese oxide, nitrate, nitrite, halocarbons, sulfate, and even CO2. Last I looked at it years ago there was just one or two known protists that could nitrate. But I think suboxic marine sediments and water columns would be a very interesting place to look for protists!

@wizzardofpaws2420 4 года назад

What a treasure of a channel

@reallife7375 4 года назад

Brilliant!!!

@nightflower099 4 года назад

Journey to the Microcosmos is the best ending to the start of the week. Even in the face of negative there is still always positive : )

@aetherslugstar1889 4 года назад

Can't wait for more videos of different samples.

@vitas75 4 года назад

Bacteria seems so small, until you consider theyre still millions of atoms across.

@revenevan11 3 года назад

Depends on the bacteria, but what I quick google search has told me is that on the small end an atom is around 0.1nm across, and for estimation's sake, a small bacterium is about 1000nm. So about 10,000 atoms long! Those are the really tiny ones that are hard to see any detail of using James' microscopes though. You're absolutely correct for the larger bacteria in this video, they're at least 100 times bigger which would take it from 10,000 atoms to somewhere in the millions. The really cool part is that the number of total atoms in an E. Coli is ~50bil, roughly the same order of the total number of stars in a galaxy!!! Apologies for the pointless reply to an old comment, but I figured I'd thank you for sending me on a bit of a research dive into the mind blowing scale of life while I finish my morning coffee, lol.

@ethanrichards2053 4 года назад

It's late at night and I'm only 50 seconds in and im almost asleep, not from the video his voice is just so darn calm

@mikekirkelie4037 4 года назад

Hank, can you make a series of 8 hours videos like this, so I can have them playing in the background at work all day?

@coffeecupofficial9440 4 года назад

it would great to see an episode that goes into bacteria’s exploits of eukaryotic organisms. i’m not yet at the point in my education to know how possible that is but it would be an amazing experience to see the affects on the host organisms

@batya7 4 года назад

I enjoy the background music. Thanks.

@thebigksmoosey 4 года назад

Love the subject, great writing, Hank's narration is tops... The background music was a bit distracting though. Maybe it's just me, but it seemed louder than usual. I'm sure it has it's uses, but I'd personally prefer it a bit quieter. Thanks for the video though!

@thelifeaquaticwithrobbull2930 4 года назад

Awesome video, was really looking for those anaerobic bacteria that convert nitrates into nitrogen gas, there is precious little scientific information that is accessible to aquarium hobbyists like myself, although my own experimentation has lead me to believe encouraging their growth can be vastly beneficial in an aquarium. Do a vid on these guys please!! Great work and awesome content, really loving this channel 👍

@microworld1001 Год назад

Very interesting and informative

@MrCrasherdog 3 года назад

I like how the spirochete spazzes out like my worst nightmares

@ok.google 4 года назад

Probably the only channel where I watch videos once they public.

@spectrum7802 4 года назад

Wow what a coincidence! In my microbiology lab, we are just now inoculating and cultivating anaerobic bacterial from mud. Great video!

@Z0Z99 4 года назад

_Please whisper the periodic table to my ear before I sleep._

@deltahunter2674 4 года назад

7:48 _nyoom_

@HayTatsuko 4 года назад

Look up Bladon Springs in Choctaw County, Alabama, sometime. It's a natural spring that is high in sulphur-fixing bacteria. I've collected and drank water from the well on the property -- is delicious and harmless, when chilled, but is also visibly yellow in gallon amounts!

@DanialDawson 4 года назад

YES

@otisaga 4 года назад

Hi, love your channel. I have a question, how do the researchers of the microcosm account for the effects of the methods/tools of observation (microscope, light, glass, volume of space, temperature)? Do the researchers consider the interference caused by these methods and tools as negligible?

@nightmarefnatm4556 4 года назад

Hello :) I really love your videos, these microorganism are really something interesting and facinating to me, I hope that one day i'll get to see some through a microscope, and that is why I wanted to know what microscope do you use to observe these living creatures ? It's okay if you don't want to tell, or else. Anyway, thank you for your content, and thanks for your time ! :3