LoRa/LoRaWAN tutorial 7: Fresnel Zone

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This is part 7 of the LoRa/LoRaWAN tutorial.
In this video series different topics will be explained which will help you to understand LoRa/LoRaWAN.
It is recommended to watch each video sequentially as I may refer to certain LoRa/LoRaWAN topics explained earlier.
In this video I will explain what the Fresnel zone is.
The Fresnel zone is an elliptical shaped body around the direct line of sight path between the end node and the gateway.
Any obstacle within this volume, for example buildings, trees, hilltops or ground can weaken the transmitted signal even if there is a direct line of sight between the end node and the gateway.
The maximum radius of the Fresnel zone, located half the distance between end node and gateway is calculated as follow:
r = 8.657 x sqrt(D / f)
r = Fresnel zone radius in m
D = distance in km
f = frequency in GHz
The Fresnel zone equation r = 8.657 x sqrt(D / f) is based on a flat earth.
It does not take the curvature of the earth into consideration.
To calculate height H:
H = 1000 x D2 / (8 x Rearth)
H = Height (or earth curvature allowance) in m
D = Distance between end node and gateway in km
Rearth = Earth radius in km = 8504 km
As a rule of thumb Fresnel zone should always be clear of obstruction but this can be impractical so it is said that beyond 40% blockage, signal loss will become significant.
r = 8.657 x sqrt((0.6 x D) / f)
r = Fresnel zone radius in m
D = distance in km
f = frequency in GHz
For the best radio signal performance:
The gateway antenna must be placed outdoors at a high location (avoiding obstacles in the Fresnel zone).
The antenna design for both gateway and end nodes must be optimised for its regional frequency.
Keep the antenna polarisation vertical for both gateway and end nodes and use omnidirectional antenna to cover a large area.
Check out all my other LoRa/LoRaWAN tutorial videos:
• LoRa/LoRaWAN tutorials
Subscribe to my RU-vid channel:
/ @mobilefish
The presentation used in this video tutorial can be found at:
www.mobilefish.com/developer/...
#mobilefish #lora #lorawan

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24 сен 2018

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Комментарии : 30

@henrylaredo 3 года назад

Excellent explanation!!!

@rafailbaldal6062 5 лет назад

Excellent video!!!!

@alexkuiper1096 2 года назад

Really helpful - many thanks.

@rishikabiddoliya5135 Год назад

Thanks a lot sir..ur vedios are helping me a lot in my exams

@h.sapienstechnologicus8865 3 года назад

My experience with lower VHF is that obstacles in fresnel zone and even some geographic formations in line-of-sight won’t stop the signal and you still get comms pushing 55km

@samuelwondemu6972 3 года назад

best presentation thanks a lot sir.

@Mobilefish 3 года назад

Most welcome

@malithranaweera3945 4 года назад

great video.

@GeBiCon-2019 4 года назад

If I want to use LoRaWAN for transmitting data from meters in buildings mostly located in the basement, I have totally other conditions regarding the fresnel zone.

@johncaipa 5 лет назад

Excellent videos, so what would be the advantage of Lora compared to other technologies apart from the battery life? in practice, the penetration of obstacles does not seem so

@Mobilefish 5 лет назад

LoRa has advantages and disadvantages compared to other LPWAN technologies. Search Google: LPWAN technologies comparison I only focus on LoRa.

@neemamayombo8382 4 года назад

sorry how i can answer this question please help me:Choose two tower locations (The minimum distance between the two location should not be less than 5km) Take GPS coordinates of each location (Longitude, Latitude, and Altitude) Go to Google Earth app and mark the locations as site A (location 1) and Site B (the other location) Choose frequency of your choice within the microwave band. Use the above informations to generate the Fresnel zones of the LoS link between the two locations.

@abdelhamedali2492 3 года назад

Let's say an antenna transmitter 209 meters high :What would be the range of a signal...? Specially if the recipient is 30 meters higher than the ground at 400 km..away ?

@namrathakaranth 4 года назад

what if the end node is underground? like -5 floors from ground level. i know there will be packet loss and i will have to consider r instead of r+h but is there any alternative?

@Mobilefish 4 года назад

Hi Namratha, I have done several experiments: 1) Setup: Basement = -1, ground floor = 0, first floor = 1, second floor = 2 I had placed a gateway (INDOORS) on de second floor of a residential apartment and an end node in the basement, straight down in the same building. The gateway could pick up the transmitted signal. The end node used a PCB antenna. 2) I had placed a gateway (INDOORS) on de second floor in front of a window. I went into bicycle tunnel made of concrete (distance 500 m from the gateway) approx 4 meter below ground. The gateway could not pickup the signal. The end node used a PCB antenna. If I used a sleeve dipole antenna, it may work, but I have not tested this. I have given you two examples, hopefully it gives you a better idea what the possibilities are. Note: If you do tests: a) If possible attach an external antenna to your end node for example a sleeve dipole antenna. b) Make sure your gateway has a good antenna.

@egoksel 3 года назад

👍

@TomOtero1984 2 года назад

Flat Earth confirmed! 2:34 😂 Great videos! Thank you for these tutorials!

@zazugee Год назад

the earth radius given in that equation is different from what i found online.

@Jonathan-vx2qj 4 года назад

Your radius of the earth is way off. does this mean all the calculations are wrong in your video? en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth Physical characteristics Mean radius 6371.0 km (3958.8 mi)[6] Equatorial radius 6378.1 km (3963.2 mi)[7][8] Polar radius 6356.8 km (3949.9 mi)[9]

@Mobilefish 4 года назад

Yes, my calculations are wrong! Instead of changing the video, i changed my presentation. See: www.mobilefish.com/download/lora/lora_part7.pdf

@andrsam3682 5 лет назад

Earth radius is not equal 8504 km

@fgokce 5 лет назад

It is assuming because of the earth curvature. 6378km*(4/3)=8500 km. When you assume this rule, you can take two point as if this points see each other without any obstacles.

@martinduarte3591 5 лет назад

@@MrFloneil The rule, doesn't include the earth curvature. When you multiply the radius times 4/3 (k: curvature earth factor), you turn your problem in a flat earth problem again.

@stargazer7644 4 года назад

It is because radio waves diffract farther around the earth than light waves do due to their lower frequency. Because of this, the radio horizon is farther than the line of sight (light) horizon is. The Earth appears to have a larger radius to radio waves than to light waves. This is the 4/3 rule.

@stargazer7644 4 года назад

The S in Fresnel is silent. It is pronounced Fruhnel.