The Fresnel Zone explained 

its never too late .... working in radios for 20 years , and only after watching this video i understood what the heck is fresnel zones thank you man !!!

Bruce... nice explanation and video but my only critiques would be that it is "Hz" not "hz" and capital "G" and "M" in GHz or MHz. Lower case "m" is for millihertz or 1/1000 of a Hertz. And a full cycle would be 360° so the peak high point of your wave is at 90°, back at zero is 180°, negative peak is at 270°, and then back to zero at 360°. Enjoyed the video, keep it up!

Amazing, I sat in a masters level course and listened to the professor talk technical nonsense for 2 days on this, I didn't have a clue what he was talking about. Now I know... Thank you - amazing video.

Hi Bruce - you saved me making a video about the F zone. I have handheld European "PMR" UHF walkie-talkies (446 MHz) and did a range test video with different locations. The one surprising result was good reception with 500mW over about 5km just because nothing was in the F zone (across a plain from hill to hill). All other attempts had the ground and buildings/trees in the way. I first had to take the F zone into account when engineering microwave links some years ago. I love your channel, keep up the good work. All the best, Rob

Thank YOU! Man, I love your teaching techniques. That cleared up a lot of questions I have had about this subject. Great video.

being an engineer in training, i am very glad you are giving the math. thank you! i do love it somewhat simple as i am new to fpv and drones. hopefully i will be able to start to afford these things and experiment on my own after my degree. keep up the videos, i love them.

This actually explained a lot about the slight issues with my 1.3 ghz fpv. Very minor but I wondered by it was in and out with clarity. Thank you!

Thanks a billion for explain how the F zones work. This video helps me undertand how OTA television antennas are affected by their surroundings. It is not just LOS what you need.

I will miss your instruction ... until times and circumstances change, I will stay subscribed, I don't let teachers go so easily..... and your instruction has taught me much.... Thank you Bruce.

Thank you needing this info and love how it was not boring and made since a+ video

Cheers for putting in the time and effort into this video and all the other fantastic videos. Plus hello from England.

Greetings from Japan, I was checking some of pathloss tool, Canadian tool, videos. Then, yours was recommended for me today. Nice crash course for Fresnel zones. You reminded me of a Swedish instructor from Ericsson.

For me, you kept the knowledge flow just out of zone 1 :). Not too much at once, but enough to understand the basics of it! You sir, are a good teacher. Thanks for this video.

So going to the flying field with a 10ft folding ladder has now 2 advantages! 1. you can get your plane easier out of the trees, and 2. when sitting on the ladder you have better FPV reception. Good Video Bruce, always looking forward for the next. Keep them coming.... It.s cold here in Canada, so building time

Good to see this type of education out there. As a ham it's disappointing to see so many people ignore this entire side of the tech that people use on a day to day basis. Keep it up 😃!

I've decided I only want middle-aged Australian men to give educational lectures. This guy and EEV have such a pleasant tone and cadence that I feel like I could learn anything from these guys.

🤣I LOVE your energy! Thanks for the fun and informative video :)

Thank you for all the very good videos you are a brilliant teacher and extremely funny the way you bounce off of Ron. He is a good sport and you are a scholar and a gentleman.

thanks Bruce, I really appreciate your educational videos, i always learn something!

another verry informative and FUN video Bruce, thanks so much !! :)

Has always another great video! I liked it a lot! I think and I have said it earlier you could do some videos explaining what ever you want! You are a very good speaker! Good Work!

Explained very well. Thank you Bruce.

Good one Bruce... It explains in simple laymen's terms the Snow (F) Zones when flying FPV.

Thanks Bruce, this was extremely enlightening.

Thanks Bruce! Love your explanations.

This left with more questions then were answered BUT that's how it works huh? :) Very interesting & well explained in relative layman's terms :) Thanks!

Thanks for these videos, very informative, i made my first cloverleaf and have a 5 turn helicoil in the plans..my fpv has never looked soo good with as much range.

This is a great explenation! Thanks Bruce!

Since mister Augustin-Jean Fresnel was a french folk, you should pronounce his family name [ Fray-nel ] Anyway, thanks for this beautiful and very efficient explanation about this phenomenon! Happy chinews new year :)

Great illustration Bruce

A Real Great Teacher, Made For It.

I love these explanation videos.Keep them up!?

Thanks for the simplified outline. I'd never make it through an accurate lecture :)

Nice and quick understanding of fresnel zone..

I got a little confused at the start of the video but as it went on I understood what you were explaining really enjoyed that well explained 👍🏻

This is great stuff, thank you Bruce

Thanks alot Bruce... will sleep smarter tonight. Your an excellent teacher ;)

Fantastic video! Thanks so much for explaining it in a way that is easily understood! 😎

Well a master class. Clean clear and thank you for it.

Thxs for this!Gunna make the team watch this!!!

Very Instructive video. I love it.

thanks Bruce,very informative, I never thought about the ground affecting the signal, I sit close to the ground

Very interesting and informative. Thanks.

Man I could listen to bearded Picard teach me about technology all day! This guy is great.

The d1d2/d1+d2 portion of your equation looks eerily familiar... High school Physics class, Cornwall College circa 1985. Parabolic curves... And we all thought this stuff would NEVER, EVER, EVER be useful in real life!! Thanks for the flashback Bruce!! Now, if only I can remember where exactly I put the house keys!!

Fantastic. Now I understand it. Thanks.

good stuff Bruce It gives us all more insight into the hobby

Awesome as always! :)

Fantastic explanation thank you.

You're a nut... LOVE it...!!! Carry on and thanks for all your videos... :)

This is the best way to learn science!

man I love it. you are my favorite teacher and your lighting is very good too with your video. but I do have one question from it is deflecting on water different then grass? I figured it will still cancelling zone.

Thank you. I have never known it before watching this video.

thank you this is extremely helpful

thanks, amazing info

this video was very helpful! you're super good at explaining. thank you!

I like those sounds! More sounds in your videos!

Thanks Bruce for all the awesome videos you have posted the latest years!! Newer leavingyour videos without hitting the like button! =)

awesome video thanks.

excellent video.......didn't hurt my brain at all....

Excellent great lecture. I learned a lot from that. Thanx

Bruce, you're always interesting.

u are an excellent teacher

I come for the information, I stay for the sound effects.

great video, well done

Hey Bruce you and I have the same problem but I know that 1 cycle is a positive excursion followed by a negative excursion... or 360 degrees. Peaks are 90 and 270 with a mid point of 180 degrees. But more important I had never heard of Fresnel outside of the lens type, so you taught me something again sir. Thank you!

very cool. works like phase cancelling with audio waves

Nice video, thanks :) BTW, Tape some cheap magnets on your whiteboard pens, then they can stick to the whiteboard ;)

thank you so much that was very helpful :3

Bruce, you've got the effects of your odd/even zones backwards. The F1 (innermost) zone ellipse is specifically calculated to account for 180 degree phase reversal due to the reflection + another 180 degree reversal due to increased path length. Reflections near F1 zone ellipse produce a strengthened signal. The F2 zone ellipse is includes the same 180 degree phase reversal due to the reflection, pus 360 degree phase from path length, which means the signal arrives 180 out of phase, and weakens the primary signal. F3 is like F1 but path length produces 540 degree phase shift, and so forth. Reflections on odd numbered F zones strengthen the signal, and even numbered zones weaken the signal. Also, all the zones should be drawn so that they extend in a roughly parabolic curve behind both the Tx and Rx. F zones are all about reflections, and the signal bouncing off an object nearby behind either antenna is just as important as one in front of it. People often fly with their back to a structure or their vehicle which violates the F zones. This is a situation where a directional antenna can help by heavily attenuating reflected signals from behind.

Loved the video..☺️

Great video

Thanks Bruce!

Oooooh. My head hurts from all that math! 🤕. Thanks for the explanation and making things clear though.

awesome video

thanks for that lesson Bruce! very understandable and aligning with the standard rule of thumb that you should fly at 10% alt of your distance (100m @ 1km...)Also one could move his groundstation on a "lamp holder" tripod thingie instead of a normal tripod. I got one of these and it extends easily to 3m of height. should give a great experience to fly miniquads low and far with the RX so high... greez, Mario

TECH VIDEOS!!!!!!!!!!!!!! i missed you tecc videos! Thank you so much!

As a French native speaker I can tell you : Silent S on Fresnel. Great video and awesome chanel btw, thanks.

Thank you professor Simpson! :)

Nice one Bruce

Good stuff, Thanks,

Where have you been? I've missed you, you legend

Thanks for the video Bruce, had a lot of "aha" moments. Just a few question though, how does Fresnel Zone(s) affect a circular polarized signal? Does the same rules/math apply as with a linear signal?

super interesting

Very nice video 👌👍😁

Thanks for the video.... I have a network link that I am having problems with and this has helped me a lot....

Good info, hadn't thought about this since electronics school... Thank you. I like to fly in the Fresnel danger zone....oh yeah, dangers my name and my game... :-)

Outstanding. Time Gentlemen Please!

Thanks Bruce, there is no snot running out of my nose because of confusion. So placing my Rx on a pole will help .

thnx ... this always bugged me. now i know : ) information is good !

Thanks for the video, I have a one question for understanding: Does the multipating within the FZone, free of objects, come from dust particles in the air, that distribute the rf power over the space of the rotated ellipsoid? Would there also be a 1.2. and nth fresnel zone in a vacuum? I am wondering why the rf power would not just take the shortest way from transmitter to receiver. Please tell me your thoughts.

Bruce, I recently had a brown out with my FrSky gear, first time ever in 2 years of use. Reconnection was fast, but, the aircraft was close to the ground when the signal was lost, hit the only rock close to the field, it will be a long rebuild. Does 2.4 GHz suffer the same Fresnel effect? and, is this effect a possible cause of the brown outs suffered by DSM2 gear? Keep up the info vids, great job. Thanks

lol, I like the funny bits :D Now we have two fun geeky Aussies to watch.

great video. What about the different antenna types? I read that helical antennas reduce mulitpathing?

Good informative video. A couple of things though - and bear in mind I'm no RF guru by any stretch of the imagination - but surely as the reflected signal isn't 100% strength (in the case of a directional antenna such as a wireless network bridge the 'stray signals' don't even start at 100% of transmission power) so it wouldn't actually cancel out the direct signal wave - it'll just reduce its strength (amplitude). Also, the phase shift wouldn't necessarily be 180° for all reflected signals - it would depend on the total distance of the reflected path and the frequency. In any case, realistically, who even flys 3.6m off the ground at 1km or 5.0m off the ground 2km away anyway?

Thank you very much for the videos. Would be great if you could enable the subtitle settings for this video for me to turn on CC. Also, have a few questions... 1. Assuming the ground surface structure is such that it just enters zone1 but not a lot, and the cumulative ground surface area in zone2 is greater than zone1. I assume the cumulative effect is signal amplification? 2. Does the impact of subsequent zones reduce (zone3

Loving the t shirt Bruce! Woohoo!

Many thanks for the explanation Bruce, certainly food for further study. Just wondering what level of attenuation might be expected to the indirect signal?. Presumably reflecting surfaces are not perfect, so to what degree might different materials have an effect - e.g wet or dry grass, concrete, tarmac etc and how might this affect RX performance?

Another informative video Bruce. You were saying about Fresnel zone 2 (at aprox 9:15) that because this signal is in phase but one wave behind the straight line signal and you had a net gain in signal strength. How is this late arriving signal used by the Rx if the picture information it is carrying is "late" when compared to the straight line signal? It seems the zone 2 signal would be trying to show images that have already been broadcast by the earlier arrival of the straight line signal. Hope this question makes sense.

Hi Bruce. Can I use a 2.4 cloverleaf on my tx an the stock antenna on the rx. Will I have more range?