Martin Hanczyc: The line between life and not-life

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www.ted.com In his lab, Martin Hanczyc makes "protocells," experimental blobs of chemicals that behave like living cells. His work demonstrates how life might have first occurred on Earth ... and perhaps elsewhere too.
TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. Featured speakers have included Al Gore on climate change, Philippe Starck on design, Jill Bolte Taylor on observing her own stroke, Nicholas Negroponte on One Laptop per Child, Jane Goodall on chimpanzees, Bill Gates on malaria and mosquitoes, Pattie Maes on the "Sixth Sense" wearable tech, and "Lost" producer JJ Abrams on the allure of mystery. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, development and the arts. Closed captions and translated subtitles in a variety of languages are now available on TED.com, at www.ted.com/translate.

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25 июн 2024

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Комментарии : 883

@Truthiness231 12 лет назад

The "self replication moment" was seriously impressive... This is also the first time I've seen a good road-map of where to go to figure out the origins of life. More like this please ^.^

@Maheep_Infinity 2 года назад

Me too

@jmalmsten 12 лет назад

When that protocell replicated itself I just went, "WOAH!"... I'm starting to love TED again. :D

@jessebryant9233 2 года назад

At that moment, you were duped!

@Tetrad20 12 лет назад

my jaw dropped and i got goosebumps when it replicated!

@jesseriker3076 4 года назад

The speaker made no claims that were not demonstrable. So, why would 56 people do a thumbs down? This went against their Sunday school lessons?

@definitelynotcrazyrei3890 4 года назад

You can thank "Science Uprising" for that

@jamesmills8632 4 года назад

To be fair they may have just not found it fascinating and thought it was boreing.

@cjhepburn7406 4 года назад

Jesse Riker Sure it wasn't 23 thumbs down...?

@definitelynotcrazyrei3890 4 года назад

@@cjhepburn7406 it's 61, go troll somewhere else.

@cjhepburn7406 4 года назад

Purple Rei Just checkking...no need 2 get touchy. Cj.

@mohe3439 12 лет назад

This is one of those TED talks that REALLY get you to think, definitely favoriting this.

@Ignorantf00l 12 лет назад

Holy shit! I was like "it's alive" like 3 or 4 times during this... When that hybrid protocell suddenly mutliplied I had to stand up from my chair in awe...

@juliannevillecorrea 12 лет назад

awesome talk ... very well given ... thank you

@cybermuse_shosh 2 года назад

A very clear explanation and visual demonstration of protocells. Excellent for someone with little background in chemistry. Yes, that self-replication moment was a "WOW!" moment.

@edga2323 12 лет назад

this is the most amazing thing i've ever seen

@Paul-A01 12 лет назад

I remember a previous Ted talk related to this one. Both of these are great.

@vincentpol 11 лет назад

This is absolutely amazing.

@theBigRubez 12 лет назад

i dont understand how he can make this happen but it is AMAZINGGGGGG

@aron6964 10 лет назад

This absolutely needs more views! Amazing talk and stunning new insights.. Non-life behaving as if it is life. The ''sponteneous cell division'' and the ''hybrid behaviour'' blew me away! Can't give this enough thumbs up :-)

@Gnometower 12 лет назад

one of the greatest ted talks in a while

@Buoy2 12 лет назад

the interacting protocells were SO CUTE ^_____^

@Zralf 12 лет назад

that, is both amazing and amusing, i could almost hear simon form yogscast screaming " aaaaawwwwwww" when the blobs moved

@jpmthemonk 12 лет назад

This is amazing!!! Absolutely wow-inducing at 6:45.

@Metalistforlife 12 лет назад

I want my TED talks in 1080p ! I demandsss it...

@zuppers 12 лет назад

WOW that was amazing!!

@pernordin2641 11 лет назад

Very interesting. I have been contemplating very much lately, the step between chemical reactions via self replicating molecules to life. This shows that the step really isn't as big as previously thought to be. This shows a principle of how it could have started on a much more simple level than what we think, when looking at the complexity of DNA, not to mention the complexity of a full modern cell.

@Sleepy.Time. 12 лет назад

Great presentation.

@JayDee98765 12 лет назад

Truly remarkable. Bravo.

@captainfantastardo 10 лет назад

This video is so interesting. Wow.

@kiddhitta 12 лет назад

thats my favourite thing about science. even if i have no clue what so ever, how they do things like this, i still find it fascinating.

@alcesmir 12 лет назад

I'm a bit curious whether the protocells actually moves itself to the food or if its transportation is caused by mere osmosis/diffusion (or similar). Anyway, it is an amazing and inspiring talk. This is the kind of talks you want to see from TED. It would be interesting to see a longer and more detailed talk on the subject though. This one was, frankly, a bit shallow (albeit still amazing).

@HigherPlanes 12 лет назад

I don't know, but by the end of the video, I'm starting to feel like this guy deserves a Nobel prize for his findings.

@Aaron.Reichert 9 лет назад

Intriguing

@cjhepburn7406 4 года назад

This might be the most significant video ever...

@wikiemol2 12 лет назад

Does anyone know how I might be able to perform any of the experiments described in the videos?

@dcerv9250 8 лет назад

Greatest video i seen on youtube. Thank you Martin hanczyc for your great presentation, a wonderfull introduction to evolutionary biology. And thanks TED for making the title and subtitle in my native language.

@Raydensheraj 5 лет назад

@@hasanbey59 Yeah since we have been doing science for 3 million years... But it's so simple, what we humans call Nature does what it wants... But to think a man made God creates thinks....nope.

@fantasticpanties 12 лет назад

Wow!!! This guy is blowing my mind! : )

@scarfprickles 12 лет назад

This is amazing

@appleorangebanana2 12 лет назад

Wow! Just absolutely amazing! Just ... Wow

@BBAHUNTER 12 лет назад

@oweja I am amused by your reply separating down to the components of the discussion. I also totally agree with you. I'll contribute to cause: Every course of action one takes was caused by some kind of preceding factor.

@GreenSlugg 11 лет назад

I have a video where I replied to this. I looked up his research and explained it in lay-terms, however I also put up a link to a Nature news article on the subject if you want more detail. Both of them, and the other links I posted, should be understandable to most laypeople.

@GreenSlugg 11 лет назад

I don't necessarily agree with this comment in all areas, but it is one of the most well-thought-out comments that I have read on RU-vid. Nice job Hayden.

@iFoamy 12 лет назад

Amazing!

@Jesses001 6 лет назад

That was a LOT of information to cram into 14 minutes. I feel like I only got the cliff notes, ha. He did a great job of running though all that so fast.

@GarageSaleMonster 6 лет назад

yeah its interesting but if you dig deeper and see all the assumptions made this is a mess. start with RNA

@aniekanumoren6088 6 лет назад

The RNA tid bit is prolly just a proof of concept to show the catalytic ability of montmorillonite. Researchers are still working on how the genetic material could've naturally occured. So much work to be done

@dudepal187 12 лет назад

My jaw dropped when he got the protocells to replicate. Thats really amazing, I wish I knew the details on what exactly he used to make them and what made them behave the way they did.

@rogbec01 Год назад

My draws dropped when he said oil particles splitting into two oil droplets was self replication! Please!

@JamieDelour Год назад

@@rogbec01 I thought I was the only one thinking that.... droplets of things moving about.. *ooooh it's alive!"

@Unlucky-Dube 12 лет назад

Why haven't I seen this before?

@cjhepburn7406 4 года назад

The Vatican...

@therrydicule 11 лет назад

And what alternatives explanation do you have?

@therrydicule 11 лет назад

No I'm not ignorant : They did an experience where they took the nucleus out of the cell, and the cell was performing many of it's basic task for a while. The only difference is that it die quickly and does not reproduce, because the function of maintenance and division are not there. It was pretty much alive.

@Speedy.V 12 лет назад

SIMPLY AMAZING

@xinlo 12 лет назад

@DaddyDAJ Well, for example, we have separately created phylogenetic trees based off of a variety of fields that all align with the basic genetic field, aside from a few minor discrepancies. I'm talking genetics, embryology, histology, paleontology, and plenty other I can't remember. We have vestigial, homologous, and analogous structures to look at. For natural selection, we even have emergent adaptations to live in previously impossible conditions, like high pH, or arsenic rich.

@AtheerAl 12 лет назад

amazing..

@TheFartoholic 12 лет назад

I wish this was 20 minutes long so he could give a more detailed explanation of what he was actually showing us. Still, very good talk.

@qttytn 12 лет назад

Great talk, and no the intro volume isn't especially loud, but still 15 seconds I don't have to spend

@Ro4aL 12 лет назад

AWESOME!!!

@Bronze_Age_Sea_Person 6 лет назад

What are the five chemicals he used to do the experiments?

@sealofapoorval7437 5 лет назад

Water, 2 types of oils and 2 types of colorings to identify them. Most likely

@cjhepburn7406 4 года назад

@@sealofapoorval7437 Ok. H2o. What were the oils and colors...

@ZeeZee9 2 года назад

@@sealofapoorval7437 I think it was more than that. And he said water was not used

@theBigRubez 11 лет назад

This absolutely blows my mind... I wish I knew more about chemistry and biology so i could understand this better... because this is seriously blowing my fucking mind out.

@nadurtha8536 7 лет назад

This is why everyone should appreciate the language of Chemistry. It's the beautiful science that literally governs life at the fundamental level. The reason why you can think (acetylcholine neurotransmitters), move (Adenosine Triphosphate), Replicate (DNA), why you are still alive (Cis-platin, Aspirin, Penicillin) and how crimes are solved (NMR, Mass Spec, IR analysis etc). As logical as Maths and as Natural as the earth underneath your feet.

@owenjallen 12 лет назад

@NaxNax96 There may always be a blind spot in the application of the concept of optimal decision-making. There is huge redundancy in the process of developing a more complex organism. Because our greatest obvious danger is ourselves, things in our society that influence our behaviour, are the most important to keep a bit of redundancy around.

@fearzone91 2 года назад

fascinating.

@beerbelliesinc 10 лет назад

at two points 10:22 and 11:38 the nice young man said that the black junk tar ozz was organic. This is absolutely amazing!!!!!!

@xinlo 12 лет назад

@MaxieGracie You're right, that only goes back through eukaryotes, if I remember correctly. But that's just one method of investigation. How about retrovirus mapping. They produce fixed structures and they are complex and unique, so it is not inference conjecture that they are the same. Mapping according to RVs produces literally the SAME TREE as LINEs and SINEs and all other disciplines. This alignment with independent disciplines is what makes it more than conjecture. It all points to the tree

@ShellingtonLabs 12 лет назад

I still don't understand. How do these protocells works? How do they move, mate and eat. I don't understand how this works, any further explanation would be greatly appreciated.

@GreenSlugg 11 лет назад

goo from the Xfiles? I am interested and listening.

@narutosramenbuddy 12 лет назад

"They are dirty little protocells." oh my god. i died.

@AlkisGD 12 лет назад

@Wheelsgr I only know about chemistry what I was taught in high school, so to me it looks like the black bits who like to stick together engulfed the orange bits and made a big blob. When the blob got big, the orange bits' vibration became too strong for the outer membrane to hold, and the blob got cut in half. Of course, this doesn't meant the talk wasn't interesting. It'd be cool to find out that we started like these dumb protocells (or that Aliens or the Predators did :P )

@brentzittel 12 лет назад

where can i buy these proto cells?

@delsydebothom3544 7 лет назад

I am interested in replicating this for my homeschooled son. Does anyone know offhand where can I find information on the necessary equipment? Many thanks!

@mattmoore111 12 лет назад

At what pressure were his oil droplet experiments conducted? Did he try the experiment with no light at all ? Does the shape and size of the container matter? And , when the "cellular division" occured, was that two new hybrids or the re-seperation of a and b ?

@Rob0Anybody 7 лет назад

From about 6:00 to about 6:20 - a droplet of oil is placed in the environment, self-assembles (OK so far, aliphatic molecules do that), but then the author says that it has a metabolism that can convert energy. I watched this several times, but that is not clear. Please explain.

@timhallas4275 7 лет назад

I believe he is referring to it's ability to create motion by a chemical reaction. The energy is derived from the environment, taken inside the droplet, and reacted to create perhaps a gas from a liquid, propelling itself forward. I know that in the simplest forms of natural occurring life, simple chemical conversions are common and usually cause motion .

@GreenSlugg 11 лет назад

Gould actually also said something to the extent of the extreme rarity of transition forms is the trade secret of paleontology. Google it - you might find it. He also got mad that Creationists used the quote. Some people say that it was out-of-context, but how so? Just because someone does not agree with your thesis does not mean that it is out-of-context. Anyway, I am a biotech student. I made a reply to this video. Thought you might be interested in seeing it.

@cjhepburn7406 4 года назад

How did Martin activate the chemicals?

@GreenSlugg 11 лет назад

I actually made a video reply to this. My major is biotechnology. I've got one more year (plus about two classes, because I refuse to do 18 credits at a time). You will get a different view on this research with my video, however I explain things so that the average person can understand them, and I put links in the description box so that you can see another talk he did and read more about this in a Nature news article.

@Laceylove303 12 лет назад

I want to do this!!

@PotadoTomado 12 лет назад

Woah, it actually reproduces!?!? Amazing!

@apricotsnms516 12 лет назад

@xinlo First off I wasn't really responding to anyone, in fact I didn't read the comments. Secondly, it's really up to the individual to take the theory and ponder for themselves. I literally have no say in what anyone believes in.

@GreenSlugg 11 лет назад

The terms are actually used in this fashion on a regular basis. Yes, it is not a completely accurate statement, however this is how the terms are used, even in a college biology classroom (something that I have much experience with).

@SEThatered 12 лет назад

@D4RK5iDERS To be honest they already cut the volume downon the intro. If you don't believe me go and re-watch the older TED-talks.

@TGAPOO 12 лет назад

@MaxieGracie feathers are decent insulators and can be water proof. (The present theory is that feathers evolved from a hair-like substance, I think.) A [bird] wing is essentially a specialized arm with feathers growing from it. So we have feathers evolving. Then we have feathers orienting to form a proto-wing to facilitate gliding, because gliding is a huge mobility advantage. From gliding its not a huge stretch to get to true flight. This is from a half-remembered biology course...

@carlosewm 12 лет назад

@khatack Possibly. Egotism, inequality and injustice have their big share too. Good point about schools, reminds me of when I acknowledged that during the period of dictatorship in my country, philosophy and sociology were excluded from the classes because it had a potential for forming thinkers.

@TheOnlyKarkar 12 лет назад

@dannywizz Welcome to RU-vid.

@breckinloggins 11 лет назад

The short answer is "chemistry". The best way to visualize it on a human scale would be to get a bunch of Bucky Balls (oops, not anymore) spread them out on a table, and shake the table around. The attraction and repulsion causes movement and activity. This is an extreme simplification, but it will start to give you an idea. If you think of atoms as specialized "magnets" that selectively attract and repel, it REALLY helps to visualize things.

@twrciv 11 лет назад

Without looking it up on the internet, can you tell me what the next sentence says?

@Lundix 12 лет назад

@carlosewm Verifiability is a difficult thing, on any scale transcending the "I think/see/hear/feel/taste/smell" level. On the importance of critical thinking I completely agree.

@carlosewm 12 лет назад

@AugustVonpetersborg I agree that we might find evidence of such interaction, that's why I've inserted "for now" in my text.

@abbasomro9035 6 лет назад

what is the name of this experiment

@Xunkun 11 лет назад

The chain goes: Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Psychology, Sociology That knowing the laws of nature of a Big Bang, you could extrapolate how that universe will work (at least one version, anyways: as you go left-to-right, it gets more specific about "this version of"-- I'm prolly not making this clear, but best I can do), and from there, know how an organism could work, including brain chemistry, and to goup behavior. And going left, you may see there's many potential expressions.

@therrydicule 11 лет назад

Punctuated equilibrium is not incompatible with Darwin theory. Darwin never written that the rate of evolution was stagnant. Gould's just re-took some advancement in the field of mathematics to apply it on evolutionary mechanism, and added it to the work on genetic revolutions by Ernst Mayr. By the way, you could see it works really well since the idea been used in organizational behaviour, technological studies, psychology and in the department of defence.

@JMartinsATV 12 лет назад

God disapproves^^ This was a truly ground-breaking and interesting TEDTalk.

@FilippoGadotti 12 лет назад

What would be the hype of finding one of these protocells in a different planet? Would prob. feature a headline of the sort "LIFE FOUND ON MARS" :)

@RowieSundog Год назад

I've known the phrase "primordial soup" for a while but this video shows me that the point of origin of life has been likely found with not much made of it somehow

@TGAPOO 12 лет назад

@MaxieGracie Yes I did ask for that. More specifically I asked for something that overturned some premise of evolution (I said a paper on it, but this was the heart of my question). Which of those papers does that? I'd rather not go through all of them looking for your point with exams so close.

@therrydicule 11 лет назад

Thirdly, since you ask so much: there been a study by William Ratcliff in Minnesota U who created multicellular species out of a single cell brewer yeast. How did he do that? By putting the yeast through selective pressure.

@BopZ61191 12 лет назад

@IMMAREAPER yup, not directly... anyway, Imma do my HW now... it's been a nice short convo, reaper... may u reap in peace...!

@b0w5er 12 лет назад

Can the "droplet" at 06:12 die? Can it be brought back to life if it can?

@HigherPlanes 12 лет назад

@JMartinsATV Actuallly, this presentation forces me to totally re-evaluate the meaning of intelligence

@SpecialPioneerSmerf 12 лет назад

"self replication moment" OMG! X_x

@avedic 11 лет назад

9:25 wow! :0

@ExperimentsInSound 12 лет назад

@MaxieGracie Yes it has. You haven't actually tried to research this I can tell. Look up "speciation". There are countless examples of this. You can also find a recent type of snake that has grown four limbs. Though not an example of speciation it's still a significant change to the structure of the organism. If evolution can bring 4 limbs out of 0 limbs, it can make some other significant changes. Could add wings, could change internal organ structures. If you don't believe me look it up.

@DaTux91 12 лет назад

Very cool :O

@EllaABo 12 лет назад

There's a nice discussion about religion going on down here. All I want to say, though, is that it is amazing that we can create life-like things this way, and that it helps all of us understand how life might have come into existance.

@slugfly 11 лет назад

That cat at the beginning evolved from Jamie Hyneman.

@MatthewGaming- 6 лет назад

my belief is that there are three stages, proteins, protolife, and life. the first stage, proteins, is simply just a bunch of proteins, but, as they mix and become more complex, the enter the protolife stage. the protolife stage includes things that are now complex enough to no longer be considered proteins, but, they're not complex enough to be life, for example, viruses. as protolifeforms become more and more advanced and complex, they begin to match more and more criteria to be considered life. once they meet enough of the criteria to be considered life, they would be very complex. Finally, the protolife becomes so complex, that it would become life.

@kxmode 12 лет назад

@Thepartyman01 How about Newton?

@Soldier957 12 лет назад

What were the 5 chemicals?

@JereGib1789 10 лет назад

yeah, imagine if it had been different there might have been even more life forms, we are very lucky indeed

@GreenSlugg 11 лет назад

Actually Jee Teex has you. You were the one who asked. Everything that we actually know about biochemistry says that life needs liquid water in order to perform the basic functions that would be required for a living cells. Is it possible that somehow there might be some other way of doing things - perhaps, however good science doesn't make conclusions that go beyond the evidence. Design is actually quite consistent with the evidence.