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Mongol Heavy Cavalry Part 5: Mamluks, Mongols and Ayn Jalut 

The Jackmeister: Mongol History
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For the final part of our series on Mongol Heavy Cavalry, we deal with a foe who consistently proved able to defeat Mongol armies; the Mamluks of Egypt. We look in detail at the great battle of 'Ayn Jalut (1260), the roles of Sultan Qutuz and Baybars, and the Mamluk-Mongol conflict over the next decades, up to the battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar in 1299.
Part 1: Overview on Equipment • Mongol Heavy Cavalry P...
Part 2: Mongols vs Jin Dynasty • Mongol Heavy Cavalry P...
Part 3: Mongols vs Khwarezm, Delhi and Qipchaqs: • Mongol Heavy Cavalry P...
Part 4: Mongols vs Knights: • Mongol Heavy Cavalry P...
Video I wrote for Kings and Generals about Mamluk defenses against the Mongols: • How the Mamluks Defend...
My video on the Berke-Hulegu war: • The Berke-Hülagü War: ...
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Full Source List: docs.google.co...
Select Bibliography
‘Ala-ad-Din ‘Ata-Malik Juvaini. The History of the World-Conqueror. Vol 1.
Campaigns of Činggis Qan [Shengwu Qinzheng Lu 聖武親征錄]. Translated by Christopher
Atwood. Forthcoming
“History of Jin 金史.” Chinese Notes.
The Hypatian Codex II: Galician-Volynian Chronicle. Trans. George A. Perfecky
Ibn ‘Abd al-Ẓāhir. “Al-Rauḍ al-Ẓāhir fī Sīrat al-Malik al-Ẓāhir.” In “A Critical Edition of an
Unknown Arabic Source for the life of al-Malik al-Ẓāhir Baibars, with introduction, translation, and notes.” Volume II. Translated by Abdul Aziz al-Khowayter. (1960).
Ibn al-Athir. The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athir for the Crusading Period from al-Kamil fi'l-Ta'rikh,
Part 3, The Year 589-629/1193-1231: The Ayyubids after Saladin and the Mongol Menace. Translated by D.S. Richards
Ibn Battuta. The Travels of Ibn Battuta, A.D. 1325-1354. Volume II. Translated by H.A.R. Gibb.
John de Plano Carpini. “History of the Mongols.” In Mission to Asia: Translated by a Nun of Stanbrook Abbey. Edited by Christopher Dawson,
Li Xinchuan. “Selections from Random Notes from Court and Country since the Jianyan Years." Trans. Christopher Atwood
Marco Polo. The Description of the World. Translated by Sharon Kinoshita.
Master Roger. Master Roger’s Epistle to the Sorrowful Lament upon the Destruction of the
Kingdom of Hungary by the Tatars. Translated by Janos M. Bak and Martyn Rady.
Matthew Paris. Matthew Paris’s English History. Vol. 1. From the year 1235 to 1273. Translated by J.A. Giles.
Peng Daya and Xu Ting. “A Sketch of the Black Tatars.” Trans. Christopher Atwood.
Rashiduddin Fazlullah. Jami’ u’t-tawarikh: Compendium of Chronicles: Trans. W.M. Thackston.
Rashīd al-Dīn. The Successors of Genghis Khan. Translated by John Andrew Boyle.
The Secret History of the Mongols. Trans. Igor de Rachewiltz.
Simon of St. Quentin. Simon of Saint-Quentin: History of the Tartars. Translated and edited by Stephen Pow, Tamás Kiss, Anna Romsics, Flora Ghazaryan.
Thomas of Split. History of the Bishops of Salona and Split. Translated by Damir Karbić,
Mirjana Matijević Sokol, and James Ross Sweeney
William of Rubruck. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His Journey to the Court of the Great Khan Möngke, 1253-1255. Translated by Peter Jackson
Zhao Gong. “A Memorandum on the Mong-Tatars.” Trans. Christopher Atwood.
MUSIC ATTRIBUTES:
“Throat singing- Tuvan Chylandyk style,” Giovanni Bortoluzzi / CC BY-SA (creativecommon...)
commons.wikime...
“Overtone Singing- Tuvan Sygyt,” Giovanni Bortoluzzi / CC BY-SA (creativecommon...)
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“Dimash-Kudaibergen- Adai-küy,” Unknown author / CC BY-SA (creativecommon...)
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“Undertone singing,” Cassa342 / CC BY-SA (creativecommon...)
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The other music is provided by Epidemic Sound. www.epidemicsou...
#mongolempire #documentary #genghiskhan #heavycavalry #aynjalut #ainjalut

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@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
For the final part of our series on Mongol Heavy Cavalry, we deal with a foe who consistently proved able to defeat Mongol armies; the Mamluks of Egypt. We look in detail at the great battle of 'Ayn Jalut (1260), the roles of Sultan Qutuz and Baybars, and the Mamluk-Mongol conflict over the next decades, up to the battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar in 1299. Part 1: Overview on Equipment ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-WuDE6y6mJ4k.html Part 2: Mongols vs Jin Dynasty ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-jPaY-pbRjek.html Part 3: Mongols vs Khwarezm, Delhi and Qipchaqs: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-L_ZIw2y4wvU.html Part 4: Mongols vs Knights: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-_2ZglzHdLBI.html Video I wrote for Kings and Generals about Mamluk defenses against the Mongols: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-pPV5K1WkWjc.html My video on the Berke-Hulegu war: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-ywoUXyHwE9Q.html Full Source List: docs.google.com/document/d/1V6_yNgy4O_BY1YbRe9KiahJbIf-VMrREh4sOHYBkBFc/edit?usp=sharing
@nenenindonu
@nenenindonu Год назад
The main credit of these victories over Mongols indeed goes to the Mamluk generals rather than the Mamluk soldiers. Although great warriors Mamluks weren't all invincible, an instance would be their defeat at the battle of Urfa in 1480 where they got swept away by an Aqqoyunlu army thus left vulnerable for the infamous Ottoman wars
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Yes! A really good general goes a very long way in terms of taking advantage of available options. And in Qutuz, Baybars, Qalawun, Al-Ashraf Khalil, the Mamluks were blessed with a number of really capable generals and Sultans.
@AltaicGigachad
@AltaicGigachad Год назад
Baybars's diplomacy also featured espionage. He valued military intel- ligence and early in his reign restored the postal system (barid) that had once run throughout the Near East. Using a network of horse relays, the barid transmitted military intelligence and administrative correspondence between Damascus and Cairo, often in as few as four days. Supplementing the horse relays were a pigeon post and optical signals. An early-warning system of bonfires ran along the sensitive Euphrates frontier to warn of impending Mongol incursions. Back in Cairo, Baybars appointed a spy- master, set up a secret department for back-channel payments, and hired "couriers" who traveled deep into Frankish, Mongol, and Armenian territory. In the intelligence battle between Baybars and his main rivals, there was no contest. He would exploit his superior intelligence gathering again and again over the course of his reign.
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Yes, the rest of Baybars' strategies I wrote about in this video for Kings and Generals here: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-pPV5K1WkWjc.html. I was originally going to include more on them in this video but decided it was easier to just link to that one rather than go over it all again.
@winlaxmunkhbat2216
@winlaxmunkhbat2216 Год назад
Good example of “To defeat a nomadic army, hire another nomadic army”
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
High mobility and firepower is pretty much always a good combination
@GermanicDutchEnjoyer
@GermanicDutchEnjoyer Год назад
Baybars was also a consummate diplomat, able to negotiate treaties that harmed his opponents while benefiting himself. Furthermore, he was prudent in his choices, only engaging the Il-Khanate on his own terms and whittling away its cli- ents when the il-khan was occupied elsewhere. His actions were impressive by any standard, but when one considers that he did this while simultaneously jockeying the literally cutthroat world of Mamluk politics, one must rank him as one of the greatest leaders in world history even though relatively few people today know the name. Baybars.
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Yes, the rest of Baybars' strategies I wrote about in this video for Kings and Generals here: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-pPV5K1WkWjc.html. I was originally going to include more on them in this video but decided it was easier to just link to that one rather than go over it all again.
@arystanbeck914
@arystanbeck914 Год назад
Yes, especially considering that he was a slave at the beginning. He was sold to slavery by Mongols, he probably had so much hatred towards them.
@MagnumOpusMAGI
@MagnumOpusMAGI Год назад
Holy moly, Baybars admits that if the Mongols came with an equally sized army he would have lost the battle of Elbistan!
@user-fl5mq9kp7g
@user-fl5mq9kp7g 6 месяцев назад
So the Mongols lost again stupidly 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
@papazataklaattiranimam
@papazataklaattiranimam Год назад
The Mamluks were among the very few enemies to defeat the Mongols in combat, and they were never conquered. The Mamluk institution had appeared in Islamic civilization in the eighth century as the Caliphs sought to create a military force that was loyal only to the Caliph and not to regional, tribal, or another personal ties. Most Mamluks were of Turkic origin, primarily because the Turks were viewed as better, or at least more natural, warriors than Persians and Arabs. Turks of nomadic origins possessed riding and archery skills from an early age, so that after purchasing them as slaves one only had to refine those skills. The Mamluks therefore became perhaps the most highly trained warriors in the medieval world. They seized power in Egypt in 1250 during the ill-fated Crusade of Louis IX (Saint Louis) and created a Sultanate that dominated Egypt and then Syria until the sixteenth century. The Mongol Art War, p.109
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Good summary by Timothy May.
@papazataklaattiranimam
@papazataklaattiranimam Год назад
@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory i bought this book yesterday also😅
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
​@@papazataklaattiranimamgood choice. I know some of his other books have gotten good Turkish translations recently as well. I saw one today in a bookshop in Ankara, even.
@Neverdyingpride
@Neverdyingpride 2 месяца назад
basically mamluks are not locals but defected mongols or their cousins forming another mongol blood empire in africa how ironic
@CpTnot
@CpTnot 2 месяца назад
​@@Neverdyingpride mamluks were mistly kapchaks they were present day russia Ukraine Lithuania Poland who were sold during the mongol invasion as kids so the ayyubids bought them, free them, train them
@krimozaki9494
@krimozaki9494 11 месяцев назад
When you fight the Crusaders and the Mongols, it is natural that you become the best fighter on the face of the earth. The Mamluks are warriors who were created to defeat European knights and the Mongols’ cavalry at the same time, and this is what they did
@amirhosein1538
@amirhosein1538 Месяц назад
Really one of the best videos i have found on the topic of Mongol history.❤❤❤
@sairadha674
@sairadha674 Год назад
Mamluks are manumitted on their graduation from training in Cairo. Unlike Janissaries, Mamluks were not slave soldiers. They were slaves until finishing their training.
@ramibairi5562
@ramibairi5562 Год назад
How great Mr.Jack ! Words cant express my gratitude for the wonderful serie that I've been waiting for a long time. Keep up the good content !
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Very happy you found them informative. I certainly learned a lot in the process and hope many other people do as well.
@woff1959
@woff1959 Год назад
Many thanks, most interesting!!!
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Happy you liked it! Thank you!
@woff1959
@woff1959 Год назад
@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory And learned something new! BTW, I'm looking for that charter about Hungarian mounted archers and have found quotes about building castles, but no luck yet....
@josephphoenix1376
@josephphoenix1376 Год назад
Excellent Episode 👍 Extremely well researched& presented. One of my Favorite Subjects!
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Very happy you enjoyed it! It was great fun to do
@bondapovon
@bondapovon Год назад
Great series. Thank you.
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Thank you for watching it!
@nenenindonu
@nenenindonu Год назад
Hadn't it been for Baiju's deposal and assassination there would be a good chance for him to accomplish what Kitbuqa had failed to
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Qutuz and Baybars were very fortunate in several ways. Both as you said, but also Hulegu's timely withdrawal from Syria, and then the fallout from Mongke's death preventing his return. Had Mongke not died, it seems Hulegu planned on returning in the winter of 1260 (ans the ensuing Berke-Hulegu war), in which case it is hard to imagine Qutuz and Baybars being able to rally a large enough to stand up to him, even with the challenge Hulegu faced crossing the Sinai.
@penguasakucing8136
@penguasakucing8136 Год назад
On this topic, J.M. Smith Jr's chosen title for his 1998 paper never stop to raise a chuckle from me: "Nomads on Ponies vs. Slaves on Horses"
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Smith, for all the complaints one may make about him, sure knew how to title an article.
@-straenbegleitgrun-6499
@-straenbegleitgrun-6499 Год назад
good work as always
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Appreciate that, thank you!
@billhill8570
@billhill8570 Год назад
Excellent video
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Many thanks!
@alanwheeler1
@alanwheeler1 Год назад
I've never commented on your channel before, so let me first congratulate you for putting out some excellent content! Now for my minor editorial critique here... In the narration, the word cavalry is pronounced as "Calvary", which you know is the biblical name of the hill on which Christ and others were crucified. But still... Keep up the amazing work!
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Despite my best efforts apparently I can barely pronounce the difference between the terms; we can blame my Canadian accent I guess
@mihaiionita5648
@mihaiionita5648 8 месяцев назад
Try saying chivalry then cavalry, maybe it helps before recording so as to eliminate that bothersome "l" you insert after the "ca" în cavalry.
@opakular
@opakular Год назад
Excellent analysis!
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Thank you!
@Spartan_Disiplin
@Spartan_Disiplin 4 месяца назад
3:37 It doesn't seem like a very distant source. It was written only 3 years after the death of Baybars and most of the Ain Jalut veterans(including Kalavun) were still alive.
@zzhex6780
@zzhex6780 Год назад
Everything about this series of mongol cavalry and how they interacted with many different foes was amazing and very well explained !
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Thank you! It was great fun and am glad everyone has enjoyed it so!
@michaelrredford
@michaelrredford Год назад
Thanks!
@FirstLast_Nba
@FirstLast_Nba Год назад
Very well done. It explains a lot about "Ain Jalut" I didn't know. by the way why did you leave K&G, or did you tell already and I missed it?
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
I have not left Kings and Generals, and they have several scripts from me in various stages of production that will be released later this year. The schedule is usually set (in a very rough way) several months in advance, and I tend to write now for them in batches rather than consistently.
@FirstLast_Nba
@FirstLast_Nba Год назад
@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory I see, well then I hope they appreciate what you can teach them because history is all about the small details that most people never even consider important, peace.
@kolsveinnskraevolding
@kolsveinnskraevolding Год назад
@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory God, those guys need you. You make their Mongol stuff significantly better than basically everything else they make videos about.
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
@@kolsveinnskraevolding There is an advantage having a specialist on a certain topic, rather than someone writing on a new historical period every week. If you asked me to write a script on Roman military organization next week, I probably would not do very well and consult out-of-date material, because I don't know the scholarship at hand, no matter how good my intentions might be.
@ssn139
@ssn139 Год назад
Don't know if you can fix this after post, but there's a date typo at 2:30, upper left (1206 = 1260)
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Damn it that's annoying. Unfortunately I can't fix it once it's up. There's always something that manages to sneak through. Hopefully it doesn't mislead anyone there as the narration says 1260
@papazataklaattiranimam
@papazataklaattiranimam Год назад
At the outset, the Mamluks won legitimacy for themselves as well as a reputation as great warriors because they cleared Syria and Palestine of the remnants of the Crusaders and, even more importantly, stopped the advance of the vaunted and feared Mongol forces at the battle of Ain Jalut in Palestine in 1260.
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Ayn Jalut was important but not on its own; Baybars and the early Mamluks' ability to continually defeat Mongol armies and show that 'Ayn Jalut was not a one-off event, since the battle itself hardly destroyed Mongol military power. The first battle at Homs in December 1260 actually receives higher some praise in the earlier Mamluk accounts (saying things along the lines of "unlike at 'Ayn Jalut, the Mongol forces actually outnumbered our troops")
@majungasaurusaaaa
@majungasaurusaaaa 10 месяцев назад
Tanks can't run over anything they want to either. They too need proper timing and combined arms. Just look at how the Russians are flopping recently with armored thrusts.
@Osvath97
@Osvath97 10 месяцев назад
0:38. Indeed someone has. From my reading of the sources, it seems that in the encounters of Latin European knights and Mamluks, the one succeeding was the one holding the tactical advantage, often which one got the "jump" over the other, making them seem kind of equal (though making estimates of which one was the most effective 750 years later is extremely hard, we can barely do that for modern units with modern data gathering). That the Mamluks of the 1200's were good there is no question about though, the battles waged during the 1100's by Europeans in the Middle East have a very different flavour because of that, it is quite clear that SOMETHING happened martially in the 1200's in the Middle East, in my opinion. There is just a very different feeling of toe-to-toe tactics, so to speak, when facing Europeans in the 1200's, as opposed to the much more skirmish focused approaches of the 1100's. I have heard some historians say that the Mamluks of the 1200's were actually starting to take more and more inspiration from European knights, but I am not sure if that is entirely agreed upon.
@krimozaki9494
@krimozaki9494 7 месяцев назад
After nearly two centuries of fighting the Crusaders, the Muslims understood the need for battalions of professional and disciplined heavy cavalry instead of relying only on volunteer light cavalry, and for this reason the Mamluk cavalry was created , which was equal to the Knight Templar and even better than him since the Mamluk was also good at mounted archery unlike the Knight Templar As one Muslim historian and scholar stated in the 14th century AD, “The Mamluks are the Knights Templar of Islam now "
@user-fl5mq9kp7g
@user-fl5mq9kp7g 6 месяцев назад
Knights Templar?! You mean the people who steal gold? 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂​@@krimozaki9494
@leonardoferrari4852
@leonardoferrari4852 9 дней назад
​@@krimozaki9494Ghulams/mamluks predate the crusades tho
@krimozaki9494
@krimozaki9494 9 дней назад
@@leonardoferrari4852 those were royal guards only , but the Mamluks of the 13th and 14th century were a large military unit that surpassed both europeans knights and mongol cavalry
@leonardoferrari4852
@leonardoferrari4852 9 дней назад
@@krimozaki9494 No, if you could afford them you could have mamluks. Usama had mamluks despite not being a sultan. Is there a reason why you are talking about stuff you know nothing about?
@backpressure123
@backpressure123 Месяц назад
Are you going to address the rumor that Mongols captured and briefly occupied Jerusalem during Ghazan's invasion of Mamluks?
@galaxystudios4089
@galaxystudios4089 Год назад
Could you make a video about The Crusader-Mongol Aliance?
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
I covered that in a video I wrote for Kings and Generals: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-qCfxCth9gzM.html
@adamwee382
@adamwee382 8 месяцев назад
0:38 You did just say something very divisive.
@Spartan_Disiplin
@Spartan_Disiplin Год назад
Mamluk-Mongol wars seem toe to toe in begining of war. But in the end while most of Mongol army annhilated,Mamluks leave the open field with minimum loses. Also that Amitai guy claim Mongol army was not much behind of Mamluks because in Elbistan they give hard times to Baybars' veterans. But that professor forgets or ignores,Mongol warriors who fought in Elbistan were specially elected by Abaqa for that battle. Maybe they were Baatır.
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
I think you are confused as to the Ilkhanid troops present at Elbistan, unless you have a primary source leading to this belief. The Ilkhanid army had Georgians and many Rumis, but it doesn't appear to be a large contingent of elite Mongol troops. Tudawun's army entered Anatolia in winter 1276 to reassert Ilkhanid control, and put down a rebellion that was ongoing. They didn't know yet that Baybars would attack: when Baybars campaigned in 1277, he made it look like he was going to cross the Euphrates eastwards, before making a surprise move west into Anatolia. It does not appear thar Tudawun had even known Baybars was present until the battle began.
@Spartan_Disiplin
@Spartan_Disiplin Год назад
@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory El Omeri said in his Mesalikü'l Ebsar,army of Tudawun consisted by warriors each selected from units of ten for possibily of Mamluk invasion to Anatolia: ''These were the warriors Abaga Khan had chosen for today, one hundred from every thousand soldiers, ten from every hundred soldier, one out of every ten soldiers At their head were Tedavun [Tatavun], one of the leading commanders, and Teku [Pervane], who was left to rule the Rum land Tedavun's brother Erhatu, Neinadur Yahsi and the head of thousand Zeyrek, Abaga's son-in-law and Karlak.''
@Spartan_Disiplin
@Spartan_Disiplin Год назад
​@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory Mongol warriors in Elbistan were not belong to hereditary division of Tudawun but specially selected troops for the task by Ilkhan as I understood from El Ömeri
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
@@Spartan_Disiplin I see, I will have to reread that section in al-Umari.
@Wakobear.
@Wakobear. Год назад
Would it be correct to say that the Mamluks had the most developed military system in the world at the time, with its long and stringent training and then gradual progression through its strict hierarchy, until they gain command over their own units. Or were some of Mongol Khanates' military systems or perhaps even some European ones more advanced?
@majungasaurusaaaa
@majungasaurusaaaa 10 месяцев назад
The feudal european ones shouldn't even be mentioned. The mamluks had a blend of steppe nomadic and greco roman traditions.
@ElBandito
@ElBandito Год назад
Golden Horde's slavery practice supplied Egypt with tons of slave soldiers; along with its constant border pressure meant the Ilkhanate was really kept busy. Combined with its quarrels with the Chagatai Khanate, I really don't think the Ilkhanate was ever going to come up top.
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
I think it's important to always remember; for the Mamluks the frontier with the Ilkhanate was their most important one. For the Ilkhans, the Mamluks were a secondary, if not tertiary concern. The Mamluks were never in a position to topple the Ilkhanate, while there was real concern that the Golden Horde or Chagatais had the potential to bring in enough troops for the matter. The Mamluks had to win every battle to avoid the destruction of their state, and thus rallied the resources to achieve this and built their state around it. The Ilkhanate on the other hand, attacked the Mamluks when it was convenient for them, but most efforts were poorly planned and prepared, with perhaps the exception of Ghazan's campaign. The Golden Horde connection provided the Mamluks with a inflow of slaves, but not enough to tip the numerical balance in the Mamluks' favour against the Ilkhanate.
@Neverdyingpride
@Neverdyingpride 2 месяца назад
soo basically kipchaks and defected mongols formed mamliks and their state in egypt to oppose mongol empire, meaning mongols do had a state in africa 😂
@nicolaspinto76
@nicolaspinto76 7 дней назад
Weird, both islamic states that defeat the mongols were ruled by a military dictatorship of mamluk sultans: Cairo's sultan in Egypt and Syria against the Ilkhanate and Delhi's sultan in north indian subcontinent against the Khanate of Chagatai
@Spartan_Disiplin
@Spartan_Disiplin Год назад
6:49 Wasn't Mamluks use Kılıj ?
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Early Mamluks mostly used straight swords. In their own surviving artwork in manuscripts from 13th and 14th century, they show straight, or only gently curving blades. The oldest surviving Mamluk swords are all straight bladed as well
@Spartan_Disiplin
@Spartan_Disiplin Год назад
​@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory So famous ''mamluk sabre'' which became favorite swords of europeans in 19.century didnt exist in Bahri Mamluk period ?
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
@@Spartan_Disiplin it seems, at least in my understanding, the iconic style we picture when we say "Mamluk sabre" really develops over the Burjj period and Ottoman period. The early Mamluks more generally continued 'Ayyubid military equipment (which was predominantly straight swords) and influenced also by the Ilkhanate (where straight and curved swords are both use, but more curved). Being that the Qipchaq children were sold as, well, children, they didn't exactly bring any swords from the steppe with them so Cuman-Qipchaq culture wasn't affecting the appearance of the equipment that much.
@Spartan_Disiplin
@Spartan_Disiplin Год назад
@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5:21 Where did come from helmet of the guy in right ? Its adaption from crusaders or another Ilkhanate thing ?
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
@@Spartan_Disiplin you have a good eye. It's a style of helmet which appears on a bowl produced in Mamluk Egypt around 1300, called the Baptistry of St. Louis, and is one of the few surviving Mamluk-produced depictions of armoured troops. These wide-brimmed helmets are among those depicted. In the mamluk chronicles like those of ibn 'Abd al-Zahir, there is also mention of Mamluks wearing something called "Frankish helmets" and even sending them as gifts to Berke Khan. What precisely they meant by this is uncertain (they don't describe what this helmet looks like or what specifically Frankish means in this context) but it could perhaps be this style of helmet.
@ahmeteminerdogan9266
@ahmeteminerdogan9266 Год назад
Is this the end of heavy cavalry series?
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
For now. I will upload a compilation of all the pieces in a few days. In future if material becomes available, I may go into this topic in regions that weren't covered here, like against the Song Dynasty or in southeastern Asia. "Heavy cavalry season 2" we can call it. But that would be quite a long time from now.
@Mikko088
@Mikko088 11 месяцев назад
​@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory Also still missing is Mongols vs. Mongols. 😀
@henkstersmacro-world
@henkstersmacro-world Год назад
👍👍👍
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
👐
@billdehappy1
@billdehappy1 Год назад
noice
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
😎
@rohacha9iin40
@rohacha9iin40 Год назад
Can you make a video about the Oghurs, Bulgars and other Mongolic peoples?
@papazataklaattiranimam
@papazataklaattiranimam Год назад
Other Turkic* peoples
@rohacha9iin40
@rohacha9iin40 Год назад
@@papazataklaattiranimam I was not referring to the Oghurs and Bulgars as Mongolic. But simply, I wanted a video on "other Mongolic peoples" like Donghu, Xianbei, etc
@papazataklaattiranimam
@papazataklaattiranimam Год назад
@@rohacha9iin40 he made some videos about Para-Mongolic Khitans
@rohacha9iin40
@rohacha9iin40 Год назад
@@papazataklaattiranimam Yep, I'm aware.
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
I did a video some years ago doing an overview on the Volga Bulghars and their history. But I don't tend to do history of earlier nomadic peoples; not that I don't want to and don't find it interesting (it's all very interesting material that I would love to cover!) but the area I know best is 12th-14th centuries, where I know the scholarship and primary sources very well. I don't know them as well for earlier periods, so I am hesitant to go into such topics. Not unwilling, just that I would need to do lots of reading before hand to feel that I am handling the material appropriately and respectfully.
@Nom_AnorVSJedi
@Nom_AnorVSJedi Год назад
Mameluke Egypt, what a strange state where Kipchaks and Mongols were in charge. Why? What if the native Egyptians and Arabs? Did they not participate in military and political affairs of Egypt??
@papazataklaattiranimam
@papazataklaattiranimam Год назад
The Mamluks were among the very few enemies to defeat the Mongols in combat, and they were never conquered. The Mamluk institution had appeared in Islamic civilization in the eighth century as the Caliphs sought to create a military force that was loyal only to the Caliph and not to regional, tribal, or another personal ties. Most Mamluks were of Turkic origin, primarily because the Turks were viewed as better, or at least more natural, warriors than Persians and Arabs. Turks of nomadic origins possessed riding and archery skills from an early age, so that after purchasing them as slaves one only had to refine those skills. The Mamluks therefore became perhaps the most highly trained warriors in the medieval world. They seized power in Egypt in 1250 during the ill-fated Crusade of Louis IX (Saint Louis) and created a Sultanate that dominated Egypt and then Syria until the sixteenth century. The Mongol Art War, p.109
@majungasaurusaaaa
@majungasaurusaaaa 10 месяцев назад
Nothing strange about medieval states being ruled by martial minorities. Heck, during the industrial age it was technologically advanced colonialists. That was the norm. Of course the natives participated. Someone had to toil the land, pay the taxes, count the beans, engineer and build roads and bridges, dig canals, smith tools and weapons, make all the nice stuff, etc. With all that stuff comes a degree of political power You can conquer on horseback. But you can't govern on it. But make no mistake, the pen wasn't and still isn't mightier than the sword. Those with the ability to carry out violence successfully have the final say.
@mnk199245
@mnk199245 10 месяцев назад
Yeah having a storied unit of elite bodyguards almost always seem to turn out bad for the nation as the unit gains more power and influence, especially if they started out as slaves
@beepboop204
@beepboop204 Год назад
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
👍
@Spartan_Disiplin
@Spartan_Disiplin Год назад
I think one of main reason of Mamluk defeat in Wadi al-Khaznadar was overwhelming numerical superiorty of Mongols(60.000 vs 30.000),with that they recovered from shock attack of the Mamluks,made their own counterattack.Unlike the Mamluk victories,they could not inflict enough damage to destroy enemy army. Sadly you missed that part in both video(this and kings and generals)
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
There are many other details in the Wadi al-Khaznadar campaign that I did not include here, for I would rather do a detailed video on that campaign in future rather than overload this video.
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
Regarding army sizes though, the exact number of troops on both sides is not certain and the numbers you have given here are just modern estimates. Many of these modern estimates also make the mistake of assuming a tümen was always exactly 10,000 men, when usually it appears that they were around 60% strength (we have detailed breakdowns of tümen numbers from Yuan sources, where they placed into different ranks based on how many men they actually had: some tümen only had 2000 men in them). Different sources give different numbers for both sides: they generally indicate that the Mongol army was larger than the Mamluk one. Depending on the estimate, the Mongol army was realistically perhaps 40-60,000. Some sources contradict each other though. Some Mamluk accounts like ibn al-Dawadari say Ghazan had intended to march with 70,000 men, but was forced to come with much fewer due to the revolt of Sulemish in Anatolia; a pro-Mongol writer, Wassaf, says Ghazan brought 90,000 men on the campaign, while another Mamluk source, al-Dhahabi says there were 100,000 Ilkhanid troops in the battle, though even he wasn't too confident in it. J.M.Smith's estimates comes from combining the count of 12 commanders + 10,000 men Keshig listed by Rashid al-Din and the statement ny Wassaf that "5 of every 10 men were levied from their tümens for the campaign " would suggest around 60,000 men. But again, that is assuming these tümen were all exactly 10,000 men strong, which they rarely seem to have been in reality. Al-Dhahabi meanwhile says there were 20,000 Mamluk troops at the battle, while Wassaf says 40,000. Baybars al-Mansuri was left in command in Cairo and indicates almost the entire Mamluk army was on the campaign. As you see even on this brief matter, we do not have a clear answer to army sizes beyond the Ilkhanate's being larger. Regardless, the Mamluks had previously been able to deal with larger Mongol armies at the first and second battle of Homs. These are issues I would like to explore in more detail in videos dedicated to this topic as they take too long to explain otherwise.
@ElBandito
@ElBandito Год назад
So the Mongols (after Ain Jalut I wonder how many % of troops of the Ilkhanids were of Mongol homeland origin, I wonder) couldn't out shoot the Mamlukes due to armor difference, and certainly couldn't out melee them. Seems only way to get a win was to either concentrate enough numbers--which was very hard with other threats along Ilkhanate borders, or have a genius of a general--which was also difficult since Baybars was a master of warfare and ruled for a long time, and his immediate successors were also capable.
@AryaOghuz
@AryaOghuz Год назад
I am someone who wants to pursue a career in studying the history of the peoples of the steppe as well as Iranology and Turkology. Near Eastern history and civilization in general is also very important to me. How would you recommend I start this? Is it just something one needs to go to college and get a degree for? How does one become an official academic historian? Any help or advice would be greatly appreciated
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
There is no requirement to go through all the degrees and everything, and it may not be right for you. It can be a huge time, energy and financial commitment ( I have been lucky to have saved money from work but also received many scholarships to pay for it, but not everyone will be so fortunate). You're not guarantied a job on the other side of it either, and it can lead to a lot of relocation ( I have come now to Austria for my MA and my PhD, very far from my family back in Canada). It depends what you want to do with it. Academia is a very broken thing where most of the people landing permanent work, are basically doing so because they attended prestigious universities and had big-name supervisors. If it is just wishing to learn about the history, rather than write about it, well everyone can pick up the books and sources and with time learn the language skills to go even further. Generally most academics are happy to email you pdfs of their own writing and other materials if you are looking for things. But I would tell you from my own experience; there is a deep difference in how I have approached the subject matter after going through graduate programs, than before. I can see the difference in my work from before my BA, then over my MA, and now in my PhD; you can even watch the earliest videos I uploaded almost 7 years ago, and see how much my approach has evolved since then. Had you asked me when I started, I would have felt like I knew a lot about the subject. But now I realize how little I actually knew at the time, both in terms of the subject matter but also in terms of how to do research. And I feel the difference with basically ever degree I have advanced since. The process has made me realize how feel people writing about history (in books, the internet and even academia) have basically no idea what their talking about or the scope of the material. When I started working on the Mongol Empire, I though I was clever with a short list of sources I had copies of. Now I have learned over and over again how deep the volume of information we have the Mongol Empire is, and how much really has only been scratched (and how much writing is still dependent on material and translations that can be decades, or even centuries! out of date). Now for myself, very few courses I have ever taken were directly relevant to this subject. The few times I had a class where Mongols came up, in almost every instance I knew about about the topic than the person discussing it. What I gained from the programs was not knowledge about Mongol history, but skillset in terms of doing research, understanding how to approach sources, biases within them, languages; it also informed me a lot about historiography, how historians do research and how to understand that research (and why some research is bad, poor or outdated). At the practical level it also has given me access to many databases, libraries, journals and personal contacts that I have utilized to get sources to do further research, and answer questions I have. There is also the fact that academics (and people in general) are a snooty bunch. It's hard to get some of them to take you seriously without having degrees, publications, attended conferences, all of these things. I have been fortunate to deal with good people who aren't hung-up on rank and such things. But my girlfriend now goes to the University of Cambridge, and has to see this elitism every day.
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
My suggestions for you would be, if you wish to pursue this route and look at programs: read, read, read. Thanks to this channel and the opportunities it gave me (such as working for Kings and Generals and others) I had the opportunity to read and write on a huge variety of topics and have a large body of notes and research at my disposal for this work which has been indispensable during my degrees. Take lots of notes, make a system that you can use to find things in them, and you will have an important tool in your pocket. But this is also how you will find ideas for potential dissertations, and to demonstrate that you have the knowledge and capability to complete a dissertation (which, in the proposal you submit to the University, you will need to include). The school and supervisors basically have to already think you are a good candidate in terms of sills and knowledge. Alongside that, email potential supervisors. Look at the names of the authors of the works you read and enjoy; see if they are still working, and reach out to them about your interests and desire to pursue the topic. Some might not respond, but some may have valuable insight on potential programs and options available to you. Then you have to go through the entire process of applying for schools, making those deadlines for all that (I really would not recommend going to a program without a robust financial support: they should be paying you for all this). In some cases you may have to also do the ever-frustrating process of applying for visas, residence and so-on to go to foreign countries. It's a lot of work depending on where you live and where you may go, and I don't want to tell you it will be easy or convenient by any means. I really would suggest contacting as many people as you can and collecting as much data and options as possible. So it's not just reading the historical material, but also reading this bureaucracy and administrative side too. It's a huge pain in the ass, and you really need to have a deep, deep passion for the subject to do it; something deep enough that the frustration of these programs won't burn it out of you.
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