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Mozart Plays with Augmented Triads || Harmonic Motive 

Jacob Gran
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In this video, we look at one of Mozart's weirdest short pieces. In this minuet, Mozart uses the augmented triad as a "harmonic motive:" a vertical dissonance that sticks out of the texture and recurs systematically.
Intro 0:00
Aggregate Completion 2:20
Albrechtsberger on Augmented Fifths 3:34
Voice Leading Analysis 5:54
Harmonic Motive 9:06
Sonata k.331, I 11:22
References:
Boatwright, Howard. "A Harmonic-Motivic Approach." In Readings in Schenker Analysis, edited by Maury Yeston (Yale University, 1977): 112-120.
Oster, Ernst. "A Schenkerian View." In Readings in Schenker Analysis, edited by Maury Yeston (Yale University, 1977): 121-140.
Straus, Joseph. "Music Theory's Therapeutic Imperative and the Tyranny of the Normal." Music Theory Spectrum 43 no 2 (Fall 2021): 339-348.
/ jacobgran
Creative Commons Artists
Gabriel Antonio Hernandez Romero, piano
Canada Montreal Recording 2018
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
creativecommons.org/licenses/...
#musictheory #mozart #composition

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11 июл 2024

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Комментарии : 51   
@jeremytaylorfrancisgleaves3854
@jeremytaylorfrancisgleaves3854 2 года назад
gosh the rules were so strict then, he was prob like "yo what if we really milked that augmented chord"
@MrPSaun
@MrPSaun 2 года назад
This is actually a really great example of how classical voice leading procedures and contapunctal thinking can give rise to interesting vertical sonorities.
@JacobGran
@JacobGran 2 года назад
That's a great way to put it; I completely agree.
@goh2121
@goh2121 Год назад
What I can say about the last example: It works, just because Mozart has done it. This piece is pretty much known and because of that, this is the new standard. I heard that when Mozart was alive, his music was often called dissonant. Nowadays we grow up with the music of Mozart and feel his music as perfectly consonant.
@mustuploadtoo7543
@mustuploadtoo7543 2 года назад
This is the content i love and am subscribed for. Jacob you are a genius!
@ChristianAMR
@ChristianAMR Год назад
Thanks for the Albrechtsberger examples . I was indeed looking for a video with most basic and oldest examples of augmented triads in classic music , but couldn´t find any ....
@JohnDoe-pt2os
@JohnDoe-pt2os 2 года назад
Mr. Gran, I was wondering if you have read the works of Sergei Taneyev such as Convertible Counterpoint and Doctrine of the Canon? There is a translation of the work for free on University of Arizona’s online library. Have you also considered other fields like partimento, solfeggio, or schemata theories?
@JacobGran
@JacobGran 2 года назад
Yes, I plan on covering some of Taneyev’s cooler insights in videos near the end of the imitative counterpoint playlist. I would rather teach thoroughbass than partimento, but I also have a video coming up that will cover the topic of the relationship of solfeggio to fugue
@JohnDoe-pt2os
@JohnDoe-pt2os 2 года назад
Thank you for your time, effort, and devotion sir!
@lluisrafalessole-classical5068
@lluisrafalessole-classical5068 2 года назад
Beautiful music 🎶👏
@JacobGran
@JacobGran 2 года назад
I agree
@nicolasrusso5326
@nicolasrusso5326 2 года назад
Thanks for the video.
@JacobGran
@JacobGran 2 года назад
You're welcome!
@andreswainselboim9217
@andreswainselboim9217 Год назад
Very interesting video! A related concept would be the increasing presence of augmented and other symmetrical sonorities in middleground and background levels of the tonal structure towards the end of the 19th c./begginning of the 20th c. in the music of Debussy, Ravel, Bartok, etc. They appear both as vertical entities prolonged through their own scales (whole tone, octatonic, etc) and also as unfolded horizontal entities, even if the vertical chords supported by each note of the symmetrical chord aren't themselves symmetrical chords. For example in Reflets dans l'Eau where the Db7, E7, G7 and Bb7 chords unfold a dimminished 7th chord, or in Children's Corner n.1 where the entire background level could be thought of as an unfolded C augmented triad (C E C Ab C), the unfolding itself being symmetrical around C and resembling previous symmetrical patterns such as I V I IV I found in previous styles of music.
@rogerramjet6615
@rogerramjet6615 2 года назад
Am I missing something here? In the last example (Mozart k.331) I would call the first 2 highlighted chords V7 chords with the 3rd (G sharp) omitted and the 3rd chord, a ii chord with the 5th (F sharp) omitted, with a 4-3 suspension.
@caterscarrots3407
@caterscarrots3407 2 года назад
I would consider the 3 augmented triads in the Mozart minuet you use for the opening to not be augmented triads at all, but just yet another case of accented non-chord tones, which aren't that uncommon at the time. So I would consider the D, F#, A# triad to really be B minor as it resolves there on the next beat. The C, E, and G# would likewise be A minor for the same reason. And the F, A, C# would be D minor, again for the same reason. The earliest example I've seen of this kind of sonority where I would actually say that it's an augmented triad and not just accented non-chord tones, is in a sonata by Beethoven, specifically the Pathetique Sonata and the descending bass line of the Eb major theme of the first movement. And even then, I don't see it that often in Beethoven and it's not really until Chopin and later composers that I see frequent use of the augmented triad.
@JacobGran
@JacobGran 2 года назад
Good points. In general I agree with you that these augmented fifth "triads" should probably be referred to more accurately as augmented fifth chords, meaning not necessarily things that carry a fundamental bass, but things that warrant a figured bass symbol. In that sense the examples by Albrechtsberger are also composed of non-harmony tones, and the purpose of the examples is to illustrate the relationship of the dissonance to underlying consonant harmonies. The passing example relates exclusively to major triads, and the suspension example relates to minor triads. Boatwright would agree with you that the second two instances sound like Am6 and Dm6, but he argues that the first chord sounds more like D+5 specifically because of the preceding A7 chord. Our ears are primed for a D major triad in root position there, and the bass leap of a fourth from A to D strengthens that sense. That is why I analyzed that chord as having more of a passing function, the same type of relationship shown in Albrechtsberger's first example.
@thomasskoronski8625
@thomasskoronski8625 2 года назад
Couperin begins this Sarabande with a striking use of an augmented-fifth chord: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-7pRCjx7OpIU.html
@liai7171
@liai7171 2 года назад
Dr. Gran, thank you so much for this video which is so informative! May I ask you in which article by Joseph Straus did the last example of Mozart's k.331 in your video originally appear? Thanks again!
@JacobGran
@JacobGran 2 года назад
Thank you! I put a citation for the Straus article in the description of the video, but the article is based on a plenary speech he gave a few years ago at the Society for Music Theory. He didn't spend very much time dwelling on these few measures, and if my memory serves correctly he actually cited someone else who had made a similar observation in an earlier analysis but I had a hard time tracking down the original. Hope that helps.
@OGrauMusic
@OGrauMusic 2 года назад
Those are upward appoggiature and chromatism. Mozart's music (in his later days) is full of these effects more romantic.
@violetflower1994
@violetflower1994 2 года назад
I’ve listened to weirder. But gotta admit I never would have expected this from Mozart.
@rogerramjet6615
@rogerramjet6615 2 года назад
Actually the 4-3 over the ii chord is more correctly defined as an appoggiatura since it is not prepared in advance.
@BestOfMusic444
@BestOfMusic444 2 года назад
Listening to this soundtrack is a pain for those who have perfect pitch, whe hear C whereas it's written in D... Thanks anyway for posting
@Stephan-Noel-Lang
@Stephan-Noel-Lang 2 года назад
Your "absolute pitch" would also have caused you problems in Mozart's time, since at that time the concert pitch was clearly lower and not uniform (!)...
@BestOfMusic444
@BestOfMusic444 2 года назад
@@Stephan-Noel-Lang You're absolutely right, but I was born a long time after, and I'm used to the A 440...
@DavideBonfantino
@DavideBonfantino 2 года назад
Thank you jacob for taking the time for doing these, very interesting material and well presented and shown. Could you please tell me the name of the books mentioned? Like the Alfred Alberchtsberg one? Thank you for your time and effort.
@JacobGran
@JacobGran 2 года назад
Thank you. The other three that I mention are in the description, but the textbook by Johann Georg Albrechtsberger is called "Grundliche Anweisung zur Composition" and is available on IMSLP. An English translation is available on Google Books called "J.G. Albrechtsberger's Collected Writings on Thoroughbass, Harmony, and Composition."
@DavideBonfantino
@DavideBonfantino 2 года назад
@@JacobGran Thank you, i was not sure about the english version title. Thank you for the confirm. Keep delivering great materials. 📚
@DavideBonfantino
@DavideBonfantino 2 года назад
@@JacobGran I saw a version wich stated Vol.1 are there more than 1 book?
@JacobGran
@JacobGran 2 года назад
@@DavideBonfantino If that's the version that I use then Vol 2 is just further down in the same book
@tamed4171
@tamed4171 2 года назад
That portrait of Mozart in the thumbnail reminds me of that one Shrek meme
@JacobGran
@JacobGran 2 года назад
He does look rather serene
@yoavshati
@yoavshati 2 года назад
I don't think the BDE harmony is really a motive. It's just the V7 of the key, but without the leading tone (to make it weaker than V, I guess)
@JacobGran
@JacobGran 2 года назад
I keep going back and forth on this. It's impossible to know if it was intentional, but it seems in any case strange to avoid the leading tone in 3 different V7 chords within four measures.
@yoavshati
@yoavshati 2 года назад
@@JacobGran The first occurrence is probably accidental, as it was just a result of neighbor notes. The second one looks like it should be V, but he didn't want it to be strong
@JT-jt2id
@JT-jt2id 2 года назад
@@JacobGran Well the first two both occur because of the basic idea: parallel 3rd with a pedalpoint on the 5th. The first is just and ornament and the second has the leading tone in the bass (1-7-6). The final occurrence is not a V chord at all since it’s just an appoggiatura over the ii chord. None of the occurrences are all that strange, none are particularly highlighted in any intentional way and though I’d have yo look I’m pretty sure the sonority plays no major part in the way the variations develop
@JacobGran
@JacobGran 2 года назад
That last point is very strong. If it was an intentional design feature, why wasn't it developed? Still though, I think what I was trying to get at is that motivic harmonies are easy to pick up on when they slap us in the face like the Tristan chord. But isn't it possible that composers could go out of their way to include milder sonorities as recurrent design features? I think the reason that tiny appoggiatura packs so much charm has to do with the fact that it "accidentally" confirms a recurring vertical pattern.
@simballine
@simballine 2 года назад
Since you've pointed it out in the video, I can hear it in context, so I buy it, too. It reinforces the harmonic motive in the phrase. I think some things happen like this because of the composer's (harmonic) intuition. I'm not saying Mozart didn't think and practice theory in composition, just that maybe he didn't analyze it as much as you guys did.
@jaurisova6
@jaurisova6 2 года назад
I think drawing a circle around the B-D-E in bar 2 and viewing it as anything more than a result of counterpoint is a big stretch -- anywhere you have a bass moving by step, the previous neighbor notes become consonances. At any rate, 653 over the 7th degree (or 43 over 2 if you like) couldn't be more conventional! I don't really think that that harmony needs explaining as a "dissonant trichord". I'd take the bet that the vast majority of galant sonatas use the same sonority. Job IJzerman recently made a comment in an interview that 3-part harmony is complete on its own -- rather than being "4-part harmony with something missing" -- and the 3-part counterpoint here is not very mysterious.
@Buch_2024
@Buch_2024 2 года назад
The first Albrechtsberger suspension at 5:00 is neither prepared nor resolved correctly. I wonder why..
@NotLegato
@NotLegato 2 года назад
what tuning is this instrument in? it's pretty jarring for someone used to the modern equal temperament.
@FrostDirt
@FrostDirt 2 года назад
In HIP recordings, it's usually Well-Tempered with A = 430-ish Hz
@ryanlock2u
@ryanlock2u 2 года назад
Mozart doesn’t get nearly enough credit for the weird stuff he was getting into towards the end.
@XX-vz4kb
@XX-vz4kb 2 года назад
Yes priester
@NimaBlaydz
@NimaBlaydz 2 года назад
Sounds kinda like Thelonius Monk...
@drmdjones
@drmdjones 2 года назад
You, and Albrechtsberger, say the raised 5ths are non-chord tones (passing tones or neighbor tones). Then you say they are parts, chord tones, of augmented triads. Can't be both.
@JacobGran
@JacobGran 2 года назад
This is actually a really important point. Albrechtsberger and other thoroughbass writers don’t divide things into chord tones and non-chord tones. That is the viewpoint of harmony textbooks of the 19th and 20th centuries, where chords are defined as “tertian” stacks of thirds like triads and seventh chords. Instead they thought in terms of consonance and dissonance, where dissonance needed to be explained in terms of consonance, and chords were defined simply as vertical slices of sound (things that could be captured in a figured bass symbol). From this perspective there can definitely be dissonant chord tones (like +5 or something really gnarly like 9/7/4) that still require a contrapuntal explanation in terms of preparation and resolution.
@goodmanmusica2
@goodmanmusica2 2 года назад
Appoggiatura
@monsieur171
@monsieur171 2 года назад
this minuett doesnt sound dissonant to me at all 😂
@ignacioclerici5341
@ignacioclerici5341 2 года назад
It uses dissonant chords, whether they sound dissonant to you or not.
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