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Noam Chomsky: The Limitations and Problems with "Just War" Theory 

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Noam Chomsky examines the limitations and problems of "Just War" theory in a talk given to students at the United States West Point Military Academy in West Point, New York on 4/20/2006. Chomsky finds that the body of work known as "Just War" theory, which attempts to establish a criteria where acts of war are justified, has a questionable theoretical framework and fails to provide acceptable universal justifications for acts of war.
A somewhat remarkable event were one of the most prominent anti-war voices in the United States is speaking to cadets at the West Point Military Academy about problems with the pro-war rational that is a part of their educational curriculum. The presentation is followed by an audience question and answer session were cadets challenge and seek elaboration of Chomsky's analysis.
Video editing and restoration by Chant Media.

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2 июл 2024

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Комментарии : 95   
@mxrkxo
@mxrkxo Год назад
I had this on my playlist for years
@earthgirlful
@earthgirlful 8 лет назад
Thank you Noam!! As always you bring reason and wisdom!
@ChantMediaOrg
@ChantMediaOrg 10 лет назад
I was a little confused at first as to what you were getting at, but you maintained a certain reasonableness and never really became strident which lead me to suspect that your point might not be what it initially appeared to be. It is kind of interesting how the interpretation of the meaning of words can play out in dramatically different ways. An enjoyable conversation, thanks.
@garretttedeman
@garretttedeman 11 лет назад
Chomsky's 2nd point is that since the initiation of armed conflict, without the approval of the UN Security Council, is considered to be the supreme War Crime (Aggression). Since it is so serious, and moreover due to the terrible record that we have of those who have advocated to begin conflicts, we should demand very tough arguments to be made. However, we see very few.
@alexanderk.5474
@alexanderk.5474 7 лет назад
"The worst enemies are usually created out of so called friends' , my view on this.
@hippynoize
@hippynoize 6 лет назад
A great discussion and lecture by a man with an interest in ethics.
@Roedygr
@Roedygr 9 лет назад
Oops. Wrong attribution. The strong do as they can and the weak suffer what they must. ~ Thucydides 460BC 395B
@kropotkinbeard1
@kropotkinbeard1 8 лет назад
The problem with many of the comments here is that is transparently obvious that many of you know less than nothing about Chomsky, his positions, his rationale for having such positions, what the positions have been based on, or much of anything else. I suggest reading, say, all of his books first, looking at the footnotes and references, and all the other things we're usually taught to do in high school, or earlier, but seem to be too lazy to do as we get older and more sure of ourselves. For folks familiar with his work there's a joke which makes its way around which goes something like this; "There are two kinds of people who usually talk about Chomsky, those who despise him, and those who have read him." After following his work for 30+ years, having read all of his books (some several times), having corresponded with him and met him in person, and after listening to Buddha knows how many hours of lectures, I find the quote above to be rather accurate.
@kropotkinbeard1
@kropotkinbeard1 8 лет назад
Gets old.
@jeremyreagan9085
@jeremyreagan9085 8 лет назад
+Kropotkin Beard I write him as well he is a very kind life long learner. He has changed my life for the better.
@lidosai7944
@lidosai7944 6 лет назад
me too. I owe him a great debt.
@mck1972
@mck1972 6 лет назад
Kropotkin Beard, IF I happen to watch video of last season's football games, I can, ' accurately ', see what the winning teams did right, vs what the losing teams did wrong. Does this make me qualified to judge the performance of the players and coaches on the field? Of course not! It just means that I have the great luxury of 20/20 Hindsight, which they did NOT have at the time! This is exactly what Chomsky does: He exploits that same 20/20 Hindsight involving events that he already knows the outcomes to, and then represents himself as being qualified to judge those involved! So IF Chomsky is REALLY so much wiser than those in our Government whose policies have led us into, ' Unjust Wars ', then let's see Chomsky actually get involved in that policy-making, give us all the benefit of his superior wisdom, and show he can do a better job, AND ALSO accept responsibility for the outcomes, good or bad, At The Time, HIMSELF! NOT merely criticize everyone ELSE, with the great luxury of exploiting 20/20 Hindsight, like the ridiculous old Monday-Morning-Quarterback that he really is! Something to think about the next time you see/hear/read one of Chomsky's impressive SOUNDING recitations of facts & figures! SMH
@johnnonamegibbon3580
@johnnonamegibbon3580 10 лет назад
You did as well, which is what lead me to notice the mix up. It actually was a good conversation. I enjoyed it as well. On a personal note, I don't think that the kind of pacifists Ayn Rand and other right wing people mock actually exist. They're over simplifications meant to humiliate nuanced people like Chomsky. Or anyone who questions violence and war in general. Can't have that in a war crazed society.
@paifu.
@paifu. Год назад
25:30 Biology and morality 34:00 The deeper moral reasons matter
@ChantMediaOrg
@ChantMediaOrg 10 лет назад
I think your right, the "pacifist" label has essentially become an ideological weapon for the far right, but interestingly in the course of our discussion I happened to watch a documentary about Albert Einstein. One segment of the film focused on Einstein's struggle with his commitment to absolute pacifism (in respect to Nazis). This leads me to guess that perhaps absolute pacifism was once a seriously considered issue back in the 1940s. Einstein did eventually backed away from absolute pacifism
@ChantMediaOrg
@ChantMediaOrg 11 лет назад
If its OK for one to do something then its OK for others to do the same is a moral consideration that appears in much of Chomsky's work. On its own, the principle is pretty much universally accepted as a basic tenant of justice, but somehow often forgotten or not considered when judging individual events. Basically its something of a variation of the "golden rule"; treat others as you would have them treat you. The peculiar thing about it is that I've never heard anyone successfully refute it.
@BoiseNewWave
@BoiseNewWave 2 года назад
I think utilitarianism is normally used to counter Kantian moralism, however I think it’s a poor man’s excuse for things like torture or even worse deeds.
@johnnonamegibbon3580
@johnnonamegibbon3580 10 лет назад
That was my point. The reason I say this is because I remember hearing him reference a Pacifist's book. In the book, the "pacifist" seems to be excepting of some violence in protection of the poor. So, either he is not a real pacifist and is confused, or it can be a little bit more complicated than absolutely no violence at any point. In other words, I found the author's point kind unusual. He made me question if my concept of a pacifist was wrong.
@ladi7133
@ladi7133 7 лет назад
Does anyone have a list of the books/authors he mentions ?
@Johnconno
@Johnconno 4 года назад
@ladi. They don't exist, he makes them up.
@samsterlicious864
@samsterlicious864 3 года назад
@@Johnconno proof or you gotta delete your message sir
@Johnconno
@Johnconno 3 года назад
@@samsterlicious864 Ask MIT, they've been covering for him since the 60s. He was a librarian there. X
@zacharyzetts8006
@zacharyzetts8006 Год назад
Check out the book "Just War Thinkers". they have chapters on Grotius, Elshtain and Walzer with great summaries
@ChantMediaOrg
@ChantMediaOrg 10 лет назад
Unfair characterizations? In some respects I think so. To defend yourself from immediate attack does not require UN approval. While I'm no expert on "rules of engagement" I basically understand them as provisions intended to protect innocent portions of the general populations on both sides. International law seems to advocate a conduct for nation states very similar to an individual's rights to protect themselves in civil society.
@ChantMediaOrg
@ChantMediaOrg 11 лет назад
It should be noted that Chomsky doesn't say war is never justified, he is saying the pretty much all know instances of it aren't justified by the reasons given. The talk would probably be more accurately described as anti-hypocrisy then anti-war.
@ChantMediaOrg
@ChantMediaOrg 11 лет назад
No real ideology other then trying to use a kind of instinctual understanding to figure out what's going on. I like that line from Shakespeare that goes something like: there are more things in heaven and earth than are contained in your philosophy.
@thecaveofthedead
@thecaveofthedead 3 года назад
Astonishing. I bet that was the last time West Point invited someone to give a consistent and fact-based talk on justifications for war. Doesn't seem like ideal things for US military officers to have on their minds.
@jrshield7793
@jrshield7793 2 года назад
I would think it would be the perfect thing for them to have on their minds. What more important thing could there be on one's mind when in the military? 99.9% of the time serviceman servicemen are trained to perform a task related to either planning for or conducting warfare.
@gabrielpalcic2441
@gabrielpalcic2441 11 лет назад
what are your political views, I'm curious
@anonihme5142
@anonihme5142 10 лет назад
I wonder if any of the students resigned after this talk :-)
@metalsaw666
@metalsaw666 8 лет назад
+ano nihme I don't know why they would resign... I did terribly in high school and I not only understood all of this, but I was enthralled by it.
@littleflags
@littleflags 8 лет назад
+ViNcEnT RoSs It's West Point Military Academy, not a High School.
@metalsaw666
@metalsaw666 8 лет назад
richard Taylor oh, it's a military academy. I thought he was trying to say that it was difficult to follow.
@ttenderpaw
@ttenderpaw 6 лет назад
Not the guy at 13:00. He was falling asleep.
@ChantMediaOrg
@ChantMediaOrg 10 лет назад
For Chomsky to say that he is "not a committed pacifist" does imply some affinity with pacifistic values, but it also explicitly states that he is not a pacifist in the context of the ultimate meaning of the word. So what you get is a nuanced representation of his position, as opposed to a I'm a this or I'm a that.
@garretttedeman
@garretttedeman 11 лет назад
Can it be justified to initiate a war or military action under certain conditions? Even for "humanitarian" reasons? Here Chomsky asks what sort of reasons are presented by those arguing to begin what they call a "Just War". Interestingly, it turns out that very few cogent arguments are even made.
@ChantMediaOrg
@ChantMediaOrg 10 лет назад
Pacifist: A person who believes that war and violence are unjustifiable.
@ChantMediaOrg
@ChantMediaOrg 10 лет назад
When it comes to the use of force he had been pretty clear that he accepts the boundaries set by International law and U.N., which doesn't make him a pacifist by my understanding of the word or even within the context of the Ayn Rand quote you referenced. You seem to have some other understanding of the word that has something to do with the moral integrity of the actors which I have to admit I don't really understand.
@mikewilliams9975
@mikewilliams9975 10 лет назад
Many use the term "pacifist" as a definition for those who do not justify violence. It is most important that we simply realize that "just war theory" is based upon principles of justification. I am far from a pacifist, but I will not justify violence by biased information (as Pearl Harbor for instance). Like Mr. Chomsky was saying, even a murderer will justify his actions..."The neighbors dog told me to do it." We just need to know, as plane as witnessing a gang of thugs beating up a man for his wallet. When it comes to violence, the word justified should be taken completely out of the description. Violence at it's core, is intolerable, but necessary only that there is violence. I am not afraid to protect you...let someone try to harm you and test that theory. Albert Einstein said, "I will believe in the theory of evolution, when men stop killing one another." There is an important fact in that quote we should all think about. You don't have to agree, but give me the right to say it.
@shodanxx
@shodanxx 6 лет назад
"I am not afraid to protect you...let someone try to harm you and test that theory" and now we can attack anyone we want because we're protecting someone else. Another vapid justification.
@ChantMediaOrg
@ChantMediaOrg 11 лет назад
That's kind of a big question, I'm not sure I know what you mean. I don't ascribe to any political party.
@johnnonamegibbon3580
@johnnonamegibbon3580 10 лет назад
(I'm just guessing as to what that authors view may have been) His overall view seemed to be that, violence is never truly justifiable. But until the culture of humanity changes to the point where it is much less acceptable than it is today, we shouldn't look down on the oppressed and abused who do use it in defense.
@ChantMediaOrg
@ChantMediaOrg 10 лет назад
Its the dictionary definition of the word. Your overall characterization of Chomsky as someone being adverse to the use of violence to solve problems seems accurate to me but arguments about the meaning of words are pretty much settled by the dictionary. One might say he has pacifistic tendencies but that is something different from being a pacifist.
@ChantMediaOrg
@ChantMediaOrg 10 лет назад
I'm not really sure what your trying to get at with this Ayn Rand Quote. Chomsky isn't a pacifist and he doesn't renounce the use of force.
@gabrielpalcic2441
@gabrielpalcic2441 11 лет назад
ideologically
@johnnonamegibbon3580
@johnnonamegibbon3580 10 лет назад
You don't always have to agree with a dictionary's definition of a word. Not in my opinion. A personal example of mine is a friend who doesn't approve of the Webster definition of a cynic. He feels that it lacks the original playfulness of the term, and that it is therefore wrong to him. Chomsky refers to himself as not being a "committed pacifist", which sort of implies that he does view himself as one. Or a type of pacifist, rather.
@johnnonamegibbon3580
@johnnonamegibbon3580 10 лет назад
I personally disagree with that definition. I think that all true pacifists make some exception for violence at one point or another. I remember that (I'm not sure where exactly) he mentions that in a book by a leading pacifist, he states that he can't stand when people are angered by the use of violence by some pacifistic groups. He argues that true pacifism can only be achieved through cultural change, and that until then, we shouldn't be upset when we see pacifists resort to violence.
@ChantMediaOrg
@ChantMediaOrg 10 лет назад
Drawing conclusions from the most broad understanding of issues is often problematic. Consider the origin of this discussion about pacifism, an Ayn Rand quote. That poster concluded from Rand's statement about pacifism that Chomsky's ideas were a danger to society. Rand's statement is not untrue but it relies on the dictionary definition of a pacifist. His logic was Rand's statement is true, Chomsky is a pacifist, therefore Chomsky is dangerous. Examining the details however reveals the fallacy
@Norpan506
@Norpan506 5 лет назад
If he is not talking to the democrats and republicans, then who should you vote for?
@ceet2125
@ceet2125 10 лет назад
No, that's not a fair characterization. He's not stating moral equivalency. He is stating that we are equally bound by international law. And you're right, abiding by law does undermine individual self-defense. But that's unrelated to pacifism. Failing to murder your neighbor who likes to chop the heads off of dolls also undermines self-defense. Opposing such an action doesn't make one a pacifist. Related -- did Chile have the right to assassinate Kissinger? Launch drones? Why or why not?
@colecramer2683
@colecramer2683 7 лет назад
+Kropotkin Beard Calm down, not everybody can be as smart as you
@gabrielpalcic2441
@gabrielpalcic2441 11 лет назад
there are more things between heaven and hell than are dreamed of in your philosophy, Horatio...how funny that you mention one of the few Shakespeare quotes I've memorized haha. I hope your avoidance of alignment with any particular ideological movement isn't for the sake of individuality. this is just my opinion, but if you don't subscribe, for the most part, to an ideological movement than you will have no impact on anything. The only point of political philosophy is to help change the world
@johnnonamegibbon3580
@johnnonamegibbon3580 10 лет назад
I think that everyone does this to an extent, and that it is actually unavoidable in human communication. There is not such think as an absolute global consensus. Chomsky says that he is not a "committed pacifist". This sort of implies that he views himself as a sort of one. What do you make of his comment?
@gingermarie1760
@gingermarie1760 2 года назад
Hi, In the Holy Bible in Daniel 7:13-14 it says "I saw in the night visions, and, behold, one like the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him near before him. (14) And there was given him dominion and Glory and a Kingdom, that all people, nations, and languages, should serve Him; his dominion is an Everlasting dominion, which SHALL NOT PASS AWAY, and His Kingdom that which shall NOT BE DESTROYED." God loves you so much that He sent His Holy Son Jesus from heaven to earth, to be born of a virgin, to grow up and die on a cross for our sins, and to be put into a tomb 3 days and rise from the dead the third day, and He (Jesus) went back up to heaven. We must receive Sinless Jesus sincerely to be God's child(John 1:12).After we get saved by grace through faith in Christ, if we truly love the Lord Jesus Christ, then we will obey Jesus(John 14:15). Mark 1:15 "And saying, the time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: Repent ye, and believe the gospel." Jesus said in John 14:15 "If you love Me, keep My commandments. "There's a real hell. It says in Revelation 21:8 "But for the cowardly, & unbelieving, & abominable, and murderers, & immoral persons & sorcerers and idolaters and all liars, their part will be in the lake that burns with fire and brimstone..." Please sincerely receive Holy Jesus & put your true faith and trust in Him today & please repent. Will you have a Real encounter with Holy Lord Jesus and stay in a Genuine relationship with Him daily please?
@ChantMediaOrg
@ChantMediaOrg 10 лет назад
Sure you can make up you own meanings for words, you can say that yes means no, or good means bad. However it is remarkably arrogant to substitute your personal definitions of the meaning of words for the societal consensuses of their definition. To meaningfully communicate with others requires this consensus, and in rejecting this consensuses I suspect you are going to find that others are not going be interested in talking to you.
@johnnonamegibbon3580
@johnnonamegibbon3580 10 лет назад
I agree, I think that absolute pacifism used to be a very real thing. And to be honest, I hope that in the future the culture changes enough so that it can be a very real thing. Not some ideal that is inapplicable to real life. As that one pacifist who I am kind of embarrassed I don't remember said, we need a cultural revolution in order to become true pacifist. Only when the culture of this world changes drastically, can we actually apply it. Japan is almost there. Gives me hope.
@JackVox
@JackVox 7 лет назад
Try invading japan, i'm sure their perceived pacifist nature would change to something a little more malevolent.
@Lukyan
@Lukyan Год назад
This comment aged like milk. Especially as Japan has recently increased militarization due to China's aggressiveness.
@johnnonamegibbon3580
@johnnonamegibbon3580 10 лет назад
He is a pacifist. He implies it constantly. He claims that he is not what he refers to as a "committed pacifist". In other words, he believes that the use of violence can be justified in some extreme circumstances, but that it should be avoided whenever possible. That is a type of pacifist, in my opinion.
@jrshield7793
@jrshield7793 2 года назад
By your definition we need more pacifists in the world than.
@jaysonmarquez7524
@jaysonmarquez7524 2 года назад
I feel like you just defined a realist in regards to war and violence. In my option pacifist are just realists who haven’t encountered a confrontation that forces a realistic approach. (Eg. attack a person who is trying to take your baby)
@JackVox
@JackVox 7 лет назад
Human nature is innately aggressive, although war is fundamentally an immoral act it can be considered as an important tool within the psychological framework of a society to have and understand the right and the ability to defend itself and protect its people and common values from corrupting malevolent unethical influence and acts of war. There are many problems with the theory of a 'just war' as war is difficult to comprehend because of it's many complexities that go deeper than human consciousness is capable of understanding, nonetheless war can be justified in certain circumstances. Every option must be considered before counter aggression takes place but ultimately taking a pacifist role when war is inevitable can be an immoral unethical choice in itself.
@Bkintariah
@Bkintariah 5 лет назад
Could he have used any other "just war" example other than israeli response to arab agression? Oh no!! Not Chomsky..
@kentallard8852
@kentallard8852 4 года назад
Arab aggression? Israel joined in with France and Britain attacking Egypt in 1954. It was engaged in a covert campaign assassinating Egyptian rocketry and aeronautical scientists and sabotaging foreign contractors. A third of the Egyptian military was not even in the country in 1967 it was in Yemen.
@alanwattstuffandmore6318
@alanwattstuffandmore6318 7 лет назад
.........9/11liar: FULLY
@johnnonamegibbon3580
@johnnonamegibbon3580 10 лет назад
Oh, whoops. I don't agree with that person at all. I made it seem as though I did. If your definition of a pacifist is very narrow, then Chomsky is not a pacifist at all. However, if your definition is that of a person who hopes to decrease violence as much as possible, all while not being quixotic about it, then yes, I view him as one. I don't like to belittle people, but Ayn Rand's works are trash to me. Her characters are sociopaths, often with god complexes.
@mck1972
@mck1972 6 лет назад
Aren't we so lucky to have Chomsky judge what a, ' Just War ', is? After all, who could be better qualified on this important topic, than a career Linguistics Professor, with ZERO Real World Experience in Government, Military, Foreign Policy, International Affairs, or National Security, and whose critiques all have the great luxury of 20/20 Hindsight? This makes perfect sense-Right? UGH-It is a tragedy that anyone actually takes him seriously in any area outside of Linguistics! SMH
@Idalych
@Idalych 5 лет назад
M CK didn't realize you needed a degree to learn about history. Frankly the study of politics/governance/history are hobbies. You don't need to be a scholar in those areas to read a book. You also don't need to be in politics to question the morality of a political decision. Do I need to have political experience to say that our intervention in Iraq or Vietnam was wrong?
@mck1972
@mck1972 5 лет назад
Miranda Elaine, I did NOT say that Chomsky needed a degree. What I said was that Chomsky has ZERO Real World Experience in Government, Military, Foreign Policy, International Affairs, or National Security, and his critiques all have the great luxury of 20/20 Hindsight. -Which is all true.
@Idalych
@Idalych 5 лет назад
M CK The theory he is critiquing is based off 20/20 hindsight as well. It's a rebuttal to someone else who does not have that experience. But yknow, 20/20 hindsight is how most people avoid being fools. "Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it" after all.
@mck1972
@mck1972 5 лет назад
It is ONE thing to use 20/20 Hindsight to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past. It is entirely ANOTHER matter to spend decades merely EXPLOITING 20/20 Hindsight, by criticizing the past decisions and policies of others, but NEVER having the guts to step up, make these decisions and policies, and accept responsibility for the outcomes, going FORWARD, yourself! Which renders Chomsky's After the Fact criticisms essentially worthless! So let's see Chomsky actually get involved in the Policy Making process, give us all the benefit of his superior wisdom, and show he can do a better job, himself! -NOT merely criticize everyone ELSE from the sidelines, like the gutless Monday-Morning-Quarterback that he is!
@Idalych
@Idalych 5 лет назад
M CK Chomsky is an activist who disagrees with the fundamental system upon which our government is formed. I don't think he'd be interested in being a part of it. Activists can have value without having positions in politics. Their role is to *appeal* to the masses and to people in power. His arguments are on morality which are inherently subjective, personal experience or "consequences" are irrelevant. Ps. Karl Marx was never a politician but he is blamed for communism aka Marxism lol.
@stevenelson3453
@stevenelson3453 9 лет назад
Jus Ad Bellum and Post Ad Bellum ideas pondered by two of the world's greatest theologians and the instructions of which are used by governments and their military's throughout the world. Noam Chomsky ignores logic of brilliant thinkers and cherry picks and or sites random authors who support his naïve simpleton theories. Here is a person who never has known or ever would defend anything other than his personal property and person. Soldiers defend first the ideals of a people they represent with their lives. St Augustine, St Aquinas, Aristotle are but a few who support the Just War Theory.
@chillmegachill
@chillmegachill 9 лет назад
Steve Nelson Here's a quote from your supposedly brilliant St. Augustine: "For the individual Christian under the rule of a government engaged in an immoral war, Augustine admonished that Christians, "by divine edict, have no choice but to subject themselves to their political masters and [should] seek to ensure that they execute their war-fighting duty as justly as possible." So, if you were a Christian living in Iraq, it would be your 'divine edict' to fight for Saddam Hussein. Your role models are astonishing.
@stevenelson3453
@stevenelson3453 9 лет назад
Very excellent point, the whole of the Summa Theologica is the framework for our civil and criminal laws and is it perfect? Of course not, If you read scripture is man perfect? No we are not. If you spend your lifetime writing a new Summa and improve upon this framework for the betterment of all I will stand with you.
@archyology
@archyology 9 лет назад
Steve Nelson There was work done by individuals to improve this framework for the betterment of mankind. Such as the UN, the Geneva treaties and the examples named by Prof Chomsky. And these are re-evaluated and reconsidered periodically.
@stevenelson3453
@stevenelson3453 9 лет назад
Thanks Mr. Simeon for a thoughtful and respectful response. We all can debate and of course disagree or compromise. A construct of which seems to have been lost in recent years within the global geo political leadership currently in power.
@Teadon86
@Teadon86 9 лет назад
Steve Nelson I want to preface the main issue by qualifying it in beforehand by honesty. My study of the ethics in war, especially the consideration of what constitutes a just war, is light; why I'm running against the risk of missing the obvious to slip on and veer off in aim for a valid argument why I grasp a lapsus in reasoning on your part and why your critique of Noam holds little to non negating effect on his condemning of the dubious wishful thinking of conducting a 'just war', hence why its moral whitewashing of wholesale murder and destruction should be discarded. My point will be 'brief'. To allow a notion ludicrous as conducting 'just wars' we allow the moral hazard of protecting atrocities, moreover, and more importantly, we allow for future wars or prolongation of wars by justifying them beforehand and after fait accompli. The act of war denies considerations of justice; attempting to strongarm the other aims to force your justice and understanding of how things aught to be on the unwilling other. At the extremes in search for a "just war" we can only find steady ground in defensive wars: I.E. you're attacked, defending yourself in this scenario is in no break with moral soundness until you use your particular position to justify pure punitive actions, such as terror bombings of soft targets or targets with dual use (such as textile factories or medical factories.) Preventive wars are out the window, too often justified on highly subjective and unsubstantial self-serving claims to start a war on. Just imagine if Russia would strike US/NATO missile systems, like the ICBMS in EU(which is a system for offensive purposes, counter to the claimed protective purpose) on fear for a imminent attack. Russia preventively starting a world war, likely a nuclear war, to avoid the possibility of being invaded. That, is a horrible argument for "just wars" vested in the claim of preventive war measures, in this case, and almost all others. The human rights argument to start a 'just war' is also dangerous - it also runs counter to your goal of ending a breach against human rights. If anyone believes that killing members of a group is to consider human rights I'd say they've ill-conceived what human rights means and why forcing death is in stark opposition to any stated goal to protect or further such ideals. Invariably, war leads to more violations of human rights. Perhaps because war, in its fundamental use, isn't about protecting any such rights or spreading their reign.
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