Thanks so much for watching! If you would like to see my reaction to Kurzgesagt’s white dwarf video, please check out: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-AGPoOD11Ets.htmlsi=0Ime2Abk2aojt8EK
As an amateur astronomer and I’ve taken courses in astronomy…every professor and many books do say much of this is still speculation…still questions about quark stars and proton decay and is the universe completely flat…cosmology is still as much speculation as it is hard science…
T. Folse Nuclear in my honest opinion is one of the best reaction channels due to him adding to the content he reacts to instead of just watching it and just repeating what the content is showing like most reaction channels do, but his adding of his experience in the nuclear field he actually adds to the content he reacts to.
absolutely! I've seen other reactions of that animation vs math video, even some from Harvard Mathematicians and Physicists, and his was honestly the best and some how made the most sense when explaining the math
Every red dwarf that ever formed and wasn't pulled into another star is still around. Even the first red dwarf that ever came into existence still should have 99% of its life ahead of it. They are stupidly long lived.
Iron stars are a really cool concept. However, it has not yet been proven whether protons might decay. Because if they do, it's a process so incredibly slow that it's pretty much impossible to observe. But if protons do decay, then all atoms will have decayed away long before black dwarfs can turn into iron stars. Which makes iron stars even more mind boggling.
@@fatmccat1513It would likely decay into a neutral pion and a positron, two lighter subatomic particles. The entire concept of proton decay is highly hypothetical and requires a process different from the typical positron emission seen in nuclear fission reactions.
The bit about infinite monkeys with infinite typewriters and infinite time holds very true here. Given enough time; anything not downright impossible will happen.
I support that theory... but at the same time that would mean that eventually the possibility of that fact no longer being true exists... It's impossible to put in words as human language limits our thoughts
@@Piratulus That is also a great point. As fun as it is to debate real philosophy; I feel like the youtube comment section is not the appropriate place
There is a short story, where a computer that is first constructed as humanity is heading twords the stars is repeatedly asked the same question in differant forms. "How do you reverse entropy?" And eventually as the universe nears the end it awnsers that question. "Let there be light." The whole story is about 5 paragraphs but it is one of those things that stick with you.
Finally a guy who understand the video and not just keep moving there head. I really like ur vids cuz u give ur own experience and knowledge into the topic which other guys don't! Really appreciated!
7:35 Makes perfect sense to me. If it's exponential then if small black holes take any measurable time at all to evaporate (which they do, a black hole 1cm wide would be *very* stable) and the rate increases exponentially as they shrink then yeah, a large black hole is on a very early point in that exponential - it's going to be radiating extremely slowly.
Something to emphasize here is that when black dwarfs explode, literally nothing will ever see it. After these unthinkable time intervals, space will have expanded so much that each black dwarf will be completely alone in its own observable universe and the light from its supernovae, even at the speed of light, will never reach anywhere.
When I watched this Kurzgesagt vid, I kept thinking about the Restaurant at the End of the Universe--except instead of watching the universe "explode" like in the book--you'd watch the gradual fireworks show of the last black holes and dwarf stars.
Isaac Asimov wrote a short story called The Last Question. It doesn't provide a solution, but it's an interesting take on Man (capital M for a reason clear in the tale) facing the end of the universe.
I enjoy when u keep the videos shorter form like this. I get NileRed’s videos are long but it’s hard to stay engaged with a reaction that adds 15min to an already long video
I'm new here, and loving your knowledge! The fusion of Hydrogen to Helium got me thinking... If we manage to get a sustained fusion power plant on Earth, would we have to deal with elements getting heavier and heavier as they fuse together, or is that not an issue? Why not, if not?
If by that you mean we would need to worry about the overall mass increasing then no, not an issue. In fact, the exact opposite is what happens. The product of two nuclei fusing has very slightly lower mass than the total of the two original nuclei. This tiny difference in mass is converted to energy according to the famous E = mc^2 and that's the energy that we see released from fusion reactions. This only works for light nulcei, for heavy nuclei like Uranium the opposite is true which is why our current Fission technology works. Same idea just in reverse.
@@f.b.jeffers0n also, making more matter from energy is also not really that easy either, cause when doing so, an amount of antimatter roughly equal to the amount of matter produced is made alongside with said matter, in which they'll likely rapidly accelerate at each other and destroy themselves, releasing the same amount of energy used to make them in the first place (which, mind you, is a lotta energy, so much so that it's practically one of the most efficient ways to make an explosion in the universe) humans on record have only been able to make nanograms of the stuff, practically not even detectable with modern equipment, so again its really, REALLY hard, so making heavier and heavier stuff is a long off dream that you won't gotta worry about
I wonder if the black dwarf could get cold enough, that it becomes a BEC and undergoes a massive Bosenova? If you could get enough of these dead stellar cores in the right area, and all these rich soups of Bosenova remains, having everything from H through Lr (to begin with) close by... Could a metal rich star, with planets be formed? A last gasp for life before the end?
Technically this will never be the end. Nothing will ever be the last thing. But. This will definitely be the last thing that happens in this universe. After 10^10^10^56 years. Quantum tunneling finally creates a new big bang, restarting the universe anew.
We could harvest black holes using what I call the bayblade method. Put a string on a generator and yank it. The string breaks off and it turns into a spin. Drop the string into a black hole and the force of the gravity turns into power for your civilization. Boom. Gravity becomes energy for your people.
So question : do bose-einstein condensates not form with left over molecules as the universe cools closer to absolute zero? The research I've seen of these show molecules spreading out and overlapping (and maybe I'm just misunderstanding the concept , hence my question) wouldn't said left over material kinda act like sticky rice kinda holding the remains together or acting as the base for some new chain of retraction or the quiet field in which quantum fluctuation can randomly occur? Any light you could shed would be most appreciated, thanks for your videos
For my theory about what would happen at the end of the universe kurzgesagt already made a video on this by going into what could possibly happen and with one of those theories I think after whenever the last black hole finally evaporates in the universe finally goes cold and dark another big bang would happen because think of what would be before the Big bang nothing and like this is a extremely simplified version of what I'm trying to say basically angry nothing and just keeps getting angry or until a massive explosion and the universe begins so in short what I think is that when our universe dies another begins again and the cycle will continue for the rest of infinity
The truth is that we don't know. Reality is something which is impossible to describe since it's the only thing we have. My theory is that there always has to be "something"... After all there's an infinite amount of time (or whatever we could call it) which makes even the most unlikely events possible
Firstly awesome vid as usual. My comment has nothing to do with this channels content or quality, just a comment on the way the scientific community spouts off in the original video as if they have hard facts about every little thing in the universe when there's no possible way to confirm or debunk the majority of the info they speak of, ie "90 percent of stars have already been formed". HTF someone know that? I will gladly take my beating if it can be explained coherently to a layman. Keep up the cool reaction content
But the electromagnetic background is still there, popping in an odd temporary particle. And a clever human uses that to make quarks. Fuse them to make atoms. Life returns.
I never thought of for some reason but kind of interesting basically starts use fusion, explosions to make things like uranium, etc. then we reverse it to split into smaller things. Would it be possible to totally reverse and take uranium and like make hydrogen? If that could be done if coudl figure out fusion power then we could recycle it all.
9:45 question, does that happen in black holes? EDIT: I add, does quantum tunneling also happen in blackholes? And if so, is it kind of unnecessary? Since blackholes doesn't release any matter (afaik), it only absorbs.
The thing is, once matter/energy is beyond the event horizon, the information is lost to us. We don't know what happens. Most people learn that in the center of a black hole is a singularity, but that's not exactly correct. Mathematics as we know it breaks down at the center. We don't have a good enough understanding of gravity yet to figure it out. It could be a compact mass, or a infinitely dense singularity, or who knows what. So as to whether or not quantum tunneling happens, well the question is a bit moot. We won't ever know what happens, so there's no point in answering it. We speculate that once past the event horizon, the world horizon changes from going in a space-like direction to a time-like direction. All directions point towards the center, and not just physically, but in time. This is why it is impossible to escape a black hole. Even moving away from the center brings you towards the center. All futures point inwards. You would have to travel backwards in time to get back out.
On artificially getting energy, would it be possible to kind of 'crack open' a white dwarf star to release whatever it's hoarding so that new stars can be born? It may be completely unfeasible, but if we were to become type 3 or 4 civilizations, could we sustain a cycle of energy?
IIRC millions if not billions of instances of quantum tunnelling is happening in my hand right now, as I watch this video and my phone buffers it. That's how flash memory works. That's how it retains memory states for a long time without "a power source". It causes electrons to quantum tunnel into cells containing gates, from which the electrons cannot easily escape because the cell is completely sealed. That's why it had to quantum tunnel in there.
12:15-But energy can't be created or destroyed,so if this proces causes an energy net loss,somewhere else should be an energy net gain! But how can that happen when the rest of the universe is basically empty? 15:12-But the supernova also left a huge amount of iron atoms close to eachother. That won't be used for anything?
Some of the iron will have achieved escape velocity because of the explosion, and it will forever drift in the now vast and very empty universe. Some iron will not have achieved escape velocity, and it will be locked in orbit around the center of mass of the former star. Maybe some of the iron will eventually fall down and aggregate again at the center of gravity, but this will not be interesting: A tiny amount of heat will be generated at the moment of impact, but then nothing else should happen to the iron ever again. If the video is to be believed.
88% of mass is locked in these stars So if they go supernova in sort of a "peak" period would they just restart the universe? But I don't think they would cuz there's not enough hydrogen and helium
I have two more recommendations for you: Jade at Up and Atom (ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-A5RxUW7VC-A.html) and Grady at Practical Engineering (ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-gD3dMzv1vIQ.html) did a pair of videos talking about ITER yesterday. Jade talked about the science and progress of nuclear fusion. Grady talked about the civil engineering to build ITER.
But our universe is not really a completely isolated system right? Wherelese could be the smallest particle be coming from that makes the hawking radiation a thing?
