Origin of the Great Lakes: a Geology Field Trip

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The Great Lakes look more like seas than lakes, but in fact hold 20% of the world's fresh water! How did they form, and where did their beaches and sand dunes come from? Let's learn about the fascinating tectonic and glacial geology that formed these incredible features of the North American continent.
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Intro and outro music: Overture of Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute) by Mozart
This video was sponsored by Brilliant.
00:00 Intro
00:29 A failed ocean?
01:48 Indiana Dunes National Park
02:33 Ice Ages
02:57 Isostatic Rebound
03:44 Where did the sand dunes come from?
07:56 Climbing the dunes
09:31 The way beaches used to look
10:40 Will the Lakes dissapear?
11:58 Outtakes
#greatlakes #geology #nature

Опубликовано:

28 июн 2024

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Комментарии : 106

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

To try everything Brilliant has to offer - free - for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org/polyMATHY . The first 200 of you will get 20% off Brilliant’s annual premium subscription.

@am2dan 7 месяцев назад

Did you say something about enjoying linear algebra? I have nightmares from that class in college! But that's because of the awful teacher who taught way above our heads. Brilliant's _got_ to be better than him!

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

@@am2dan I had a helluva time in different math classes due to the pedagogical incompetence of the teachers involved, whereas others were tremendous teachers. Thus I do very sincerely recommend Brilliant, which has been filling in these old gaps for me.

@Snow-Willow 7 месяцев назад

As a Michigan native our Lakes have given me a severe misunderstanding of what the word "Lake" means to the rest of the world. Lol The thing about the glaciers is actually one of the things we learned in school. Or at least I did some odd decades ago. If you go out into the middle of Lake Michigan you won't see land on either side, it's crazy.

@ScholeionHistory 7 месяцев назад

Michiganders unite! My friends and I call them the freshwater or sweatwater seas (old French names for them) because that's how they function. They're lakes in the same way a tomato is a fruit; technically and scientifically true yes, but you don't throw tomatoes in a fruit salad and you don't treat these waters like a lake, you sail them like the sea.

@XISCify 7 месяцев назад

I'm from Wisconsin and I know exactly what you mean. It's interesting having grown up taking the size of the Great Lakes for granted and then seeing everyone else be shocked by it

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

As a recent visitor, I do find the Great Lakes quite shocking for being so immense and sea-like. I love them.

@archon8519 7 месяцев назад

Always amuses me when people don't understand how big the Great Lakes actually are, that we have actual beach towns with piers and marinas. Like just look at a map, their the size of your country. They're slightly bigger than the "lakes" you guys can swim across to the other side.

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Indeed!

@DrewTrox 7 месяцев назад

When I lived in TN as a kid I used to like going to construction sites where they were excavating. Like, if they were digging through a hill to put in a highway, you'd find tons of fossils. You could see all the layers of time. Geology is fun. It also left our area in TN with lots of caves.

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

I love finding fossils like that.

@ianmann735 7 месяцев назад

Wonderful video, your mention of significant erosion got me thinking about the concern up here in Michigan. People are losing their houses to erosion along Lake Michigan's shoreline right now. It made local news a few times while I was living in the Grand Rapids area. Definitely not something most people think of

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

That's true! I personally have nothing against human habitation, though I can't help but recognise the effect it has at accelerating change such as at beaches.

@nonnobis2232 7 месяцев назад

I appreciate the Star Trek TNG Mark Twain clips. Vale!

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Very glad you appreciated those! 🖖

@nonnobis2232 7 месяцев назад

@@polyMATHY_Luke vivat et bene sit tibi

@gcanaday1 7 месяцев назад

IIrc out in Lake Huron there is a submerged hunting camp, with cave-painting-like carvings of mammoths.

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

6:56 Any guesses where this is? (It'll be in a future geology video!)

@jona.scholt4362 6 месяцев назад

The Badlands? I had no idea but when you mentioned the Badlands later in the video, they looked similar!

@TransSappho 7 месяцев назад

Thanks for making this video on an underappreciated geologic feature! Personally I really recommend fossil hunting on the shore of Lake Michigan, I’ve found dozens of Silurian crinoids there and even some brachiopods

@TransSappho 7 месяцев назад

That reminds me actually, I feel like there’s a great opportunity in doing a video about the etymologies of geologic periods. It’s fun learning the places they’re named after

@sereysothe.a 7 месяцев назад

I wouldn't call the great lakes underappreciated 😂 they're like one of the most important physical features in north america

@TransSappho 7 месяцев назад

@@sereysothe.a they’re definitely appreciated, I’m just saying most people don’t know about their geologic history

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Thanks for the fossil suggestion!

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Etymology of geological periods is coming up.

@allanlank 7 месяцев назад

I thoroughly enjoy your geological videos. I have spent my entire life in the Great Lakes region and enjoy hearing you talk about my home.

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

It's such a beautiful place! Like you heard in the video, it was my first time, but I'd love to go back.

@ancientromewithamy 7 месяцев назад

Good video! I went to university in Edinboro, only about 15 minutes from Lake Erie, so we all hung out there a lot and there were seagulls and goose droppings everywhere! And we'd be buried by "lake effect" snow in the winters, but I love NW PA regardless of these things! Good memories of geology class there, as well, though I didn't major or minor in that.

@joebarrera334 7 месяцев назад

As a viewer from NWI I appreciate the love for the Great Lakes! One small thing: I believe the Great Lakes hold about 21% of the world's surface freshwater. There's a bunch bunch more freshwater in aquifers.

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Ah, that is a good distinction

@Sibbille 6 месяцев назад

Hello from southwestern Ontario. The Great Lakes are home. 💙

@brettbarager9101 Месяц назад

You say the Great Lakes do not have significant waves! Clearly, you have never been out on the open lake, especially during a storm! I live on Georgian Bay (Canada) and we get some pretty awesome (and powerful) wave action!!

@polyMATHY_Luke Месяц назад

Well said! 🌊

@JoaoVitor-ib9ip 7 месяцев назад

Conteúdo incrível! Adoro a forma que você consegue contar uma história, nos prende bem ao tema, assistiria seus vídeos por horas sem cansar. Abraços do Brasil

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Obrigado!

@pile333 7 месяцев назад

So giant lakes that they look like seas. Astounding.

@kurtrosenthal6313 7 месяцев назад

Geologists love Lake Superior for it’s rocky shores.

@peterfireflylund 7 месяцев назад

May I suggest taking a look at Niels Steensen (Steno) in Latin? He did some important early work in geology.

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Thanks for the recommendation!

@xochiltepetzalailhuicamina2322 7 месяцев назад

I had a good time at Indiana dunes when i lived in Chicago Just be careful with falling into sand caves especially on Mt. Baldy.

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Good warning!

@jasonbaker2370 7 месяцев назад

Great and fascinating video! Yay for the Great Lakes. I go to Lake Michigan quite often. It’s good to see you in my neighborhood!

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Thanks, Jason! It’s a beautiful place

@zilkmusik7652 4 месяца назад

Fascinating! 🎉

@polyMATHY_Luke 4 месяца назад

Thanks!

@WolfgangSourdeau 7 месяцев назад

I like this series of videos. It's really nice!

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Thanks! More to come

@Antaios632 7 месяцев назад

From the shores of Lake Erie, welcome! 😊

@zfranky 7 месяцев назад

thx for that vid!👍

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Thanks for watching!

@francisdec1615 7 месяцев назад

Everything is big in America🤠

@TheStickCollector 7 месяцев назад

Interesting

@Agriking 7 месяцев назад

My family has lived just 30 miles south of the Great Lake Erie for countless generations so I'm somewhat familiar with the topic. This was still an enjoyable presentation.

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Thank you!

@annamariapegoiani3747 7 месяцев назад

Molto interessante e chiaro. Timbro della voce narrante 🔝👏

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Grazie!

@DrewTrox 7 месяцев назад

Brilliant is fun for how interactive it is. I did it for a while for the logic puzzles and stuff.

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Yeah I love it personally

@ilarialapreziosa 7 месяцев назад

Bravo Luke ❤😮

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Grazie, Ilaria!

@user-sb8oi4fc5c 7 месяцев назад

Estes assuntos são fascinantes.

@cTc10691 7 месяцев назад

Queuing up to watch, but you're so brave to use this as the thumbnail knowing the kind of comments you'll get. Hopefully the video is as incredible as you are Luke 😍😍

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Thanks! Bravo to use this thumbnail? What’s peculiar about it?

@cTc10691 7 месяцев назад

Because the guns are out and some of us are very thirsty 💪

@mytube001 7 месяцев назад

Interesting! I didn't know they were that deep, nor that they formed from a failed rifting event. I thought they were very shallow not-yet-risen areas depressed by the ice sheet. Like 10-20 m deep... I grew up not far from a failed rift, the Oslo Graben, as it is called. It was a Carboniferous/Permian event. Still quite geologically active, with frequent minor earthquakes. Small on a global scale, but big for our geologically quiescent part of the world, with magnitudes up to near 6, but rarely above 2-3.

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Beautiful!

@that44rdv4rk 7 месяцев назад

wow, Time's Arrow is a deep cut.

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Thanks for appreciating that.

@Makaneek5060 4 месяца назад

In some areas the seagulls are more afraid of people than others, normally depending on if there's a walmart parking lot within 40 miles.

@billstrong4814 7 месяцев назад

For Great Lakes pt 2, wear a Great Lakes, NO SALT, NO SHARKS t-shirt and film both the Sleeping Bear Dunes (more dramatic than Indiana Dunes) and some of the Rocky Superior shore line.

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Haha nice suggestion!

@hiberniancaveman8970 7 месяцев назад

Really interesting. I am reminded of how glaciation killed off earthworms in parts of North America, resulting in forests with deep leaf litter and specialized flora and fauna. However anglers, throwing way unused bait, have allowed earthworms to return and munch on the leaf litter, resulting in drastic changes to the ecosystem.

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Wow! I had no idea

@isimerias 7 месяцев назад

Damn! As the previous commenter on the Niagara Fall's video asking for an in depth explanation of why the great lakes exist, I can't believe it didn't even occur to me that rifting is the obvious answer. Why obvious? Because I am a LITERAL resident of the Saint-Lawrence rift, of which I'm very aware of. Montreal has even been having relatively frequent earthquakes in the last few years due to our positioning at the intersection of the Saint-Lawrence and Ottawa grabens. Upon further reading, it seems that the Ottawa graben extends right to lake Nipissing, where the town of North Bay is about all that separates Lake Nipissing from flowing into the Ottawa river instead of only heading toward lake Huron. A liiiittle more rifting and maybe we could've had an alternate island southern Ontario... How freaking cool would that be! In fact, it appears that this was actually a previous phenomenon before the lakes reached their current levels. Apparently, for around 6000 years the Great Lakes also drained into the Ottawa river through its Mattawa river tributary.

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

That would be very cool! Wow, I didn't know that.

@user-uc1yb7hy2n 7 месяцев назад

Great video. Are you familiar with the shipwrecks? Most noteworthy, the Edmund Fitzgerald. (Lake Superior)

@francisdec1615 7 месяцев назад

What about Luke and Ask a Mortician making a video together? 🧐

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

I had no idea about the Edmund Fitzgerald! wow, what a coincidence with the date.

@user-uc1yb7hy2n 7 месяцев назад

@@polyMATHY_Luke Amazing timing indeed. Pictured rocks national lakeshore and Mackinac Island are also worth checking out. Ο Θεός να ευλογεί.

@mito88 7 месяцев назад

10:58 the flow of the niagara river has been reduced by man, so is it still strong enough?

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Yes, I talk about it here: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-oyltkpT-sV0.htmlsi=FDpQ-8ZHOaHNHuoC

@papertoyss 7 месяцев назад

Hey Luke. So, here's a suggestion for a video: *_Acronyms, a spreading disease since 1879._* According to the New York TImes _the first known acronyms (as opposed to plain old initialisms) cropped up in the telegraphic code developed by Walter P. Phillips for the United Press Association in 1879. The code abbreviated “Supreme Court of the United States” as SCOTUS and “President of the...” as POT, giving way to POTUS by 1895._ Btw, If it was SCOTOS (ΕΡΕΒΟΣ στα Αρχαία Ελληνικά) I would worry that Πλούτων is making a come back. *EDIT:* not to mention that the acronym of _'President of the'_ is ....pot. So, I was watching a video about Mars' storms and suddenly I got hit by an acronym. The uploader mentioned on the video: _'Scientists can measure the availability of sunlight on Mars using Aerosol Optical Depth, or AOD...'_ I Googled for _AOD_ and found *the following:* always-on display (AOD), Alcohol and Other Drug, Age of Destruction, Army Ordnance Department, Animation On Display, et.c., but I didnt found _Aerosol Optical Depth._ Acronyms are a disease especially in the US. Think about it and dont forget the famous scene from the movie Good Morning Vietnam.

@impCaesarAvg 7 месяцев назад

Sunt lacūs multī in tellūre. Magnī Lacūs autem magnum valent. Lūcius nōs rēs mīrificās semper docet.

@tanhuichuin9696 7 месяцев назад

Why isn't anyone commenting on how buff you became?

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

That's nice of you to say. I'm not in especially good shape at all; it's just the camerawoman who makes me look good.

@fallowfieldoutwest 7 месяцев назад

Dude what happened to the stache??

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

It’ll be back

@francisdec1615 7 месяцев назад

The stache doesn't look very Greek or Roman, since those guys usually either were clean shaven or had full beards. It looks a bit like sheriffs used to look in the Old West, though 🤠

@pArApApArAs 7 месяцев назад

Now do it again, but in Latin or Greek. or at least with the subtitles.

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

That is coming.

@WolfgangSourdeau 7 месяцев назад

Haha, technically, a glacier *is* a body of water (8:42) :-)

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Haha, well, water can either mean H2O or only the liquid state of H2O. The latter is intended here.

@WolfgangSourdeau 7 месяцев назад

@@polyMATHY_Luke I know, I like to be annoying with useless details in a geeky way sometimes. ;-)

@WolfgangSourdeau 7 месяцев назад

@@polyMATHY_Luke out of context : when will you do a video about the wonderful "Die Zauberflöte" opera?

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Some day no doubt!

@mito88 7 месяцев назад

global warning created the takes great.

@user-tl9qm3qu3v 7 месяцев назад

Πολύ ενδιαφέρον που το κανάλι αναλύει τόσα θέματα

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Ευχαριστώ!

@janmelantu7490 7 месяцев назад

Hmmmmmm I don’t know if I’d describe Lake Erie as “Great”…definitely the worst of the 5

@polyMATHY_Luke 7 месяцев назад

Haha that may be! I sure was impressed by it though.

@Postmortumaz 7 месяцев назад

I knew that already. Silly

@pierreabbat6157 7 месяцев назад

Erosion: Terrain robbery.

@jsphfalcon 7 месяцев назад

It's chilly. No

@achilleuspetreas3828 7 месяцев назад

As someone who swims in the Lake Huron and Michigan as well as the Aegean in the summer...it's not chilly. In August and September it's just as warm as in Greece.

@bencornwell6209 7 месяцев назад

😂 the earth is no longer a molten magnetic core, now it’s frozen hydrogen. Magnets lose all magnetism at the curie point. The deepest hole ever dug is 7 miles. Cool story bro 😎 stick to Latin.