Pavlov's Dog experiment | Classical conditioning theory | Respondent conditioning 

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Classical conditioning is learning through association and was discovered by Russian physiologist Pavlov.
In simple terms, two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal.
If you pair a neutral stimulus (NS) with an unconditioned stimulus (US) that already triggers an unconditioned response (UR) that neutral stimulus will become a conditioned stimulus (CS), triggering a conditioned response (CR) similar to the original unconditioned response.
There are three stages of classical conditioning.
Stage 1: Before Conditioning:
at this stage, unconditioned stimulus (UCS) produces an unconditioned response (UCR) in subject
Stage 2: During Conditioning:
During this stage, neutral stimulus (NS) is associated with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), it now becomes conditioned stimulus (CS).
Stage 3: After Conditioning:
Now the conditioned stimulus (CS) has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to create a new conditioned response (CR), which is similar to the response generated by an unconditioned stimulus (UCS).
Example of classical conditioning: Pavlov's experiment with dogs
The most famous example of classical conditioning was Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs, who salivated in response to a bell tone. Pavlov showed that when a bell was sounded each time the dog was fed, the dog learned to associate the sound with the presentation of the food.
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