Proterosuchids: Early Crocodile Mimics 

just to say - amazing content - this channel has a higher signal-to-noise ratio than any other with similar content - you can learn more here in 5 minutes than in hours of watching videos anywhere else - thank-you Dr. Polaris for the huge amount of information that you squeeze into every video.

I really look forward to your video on hyenas. They are extremely interesting animals.

Good Sir, since I've found your channel I'm so very happy. Thank you for all the great content. I get to be a "Paleo-potato" and get all my ancient critter fix!!

4:50 that's amazing that we can infer an animal's behaviour from it's skull shape.

Finally! Doctor Polaris you answered my prayers!!!

7:38 Nooooo!

Isn't the exhaust material of high metabolism, keratin? i.e many of these non-aquatic archosauroforms could possibly be covered in filamentous material.

Very interesting. I always learn something when I watch your channel.

I wonder if it is only difficult me, but I have some issues with the term "crocodile mimics". Seen the fact that these animals evolved millions of years before contemporary crocodiles, these last ought to be called the mimics, not the other way round...

Great video 👍

the zandalar music was a good choice :)

I love Erythrosuchus its unique

Obligatory comment for the RU-vid Algorithm gods

I'm getting monster hunter vibes from these animals

Quite some cool animals

Спасибо, белый медведь. Очень интересно..

List of scientific errors in Walking with Monsters: 1. The species of long-tailed Anomalocaris from Cambrian Stage 3 Chengjiang, didn't reach 2 metres (6.5 ft) long, only being 7 centimetres (2.7 in), although that is thought to be become larger, about 50 cm (1.6 ft) long, based on frontal appendage of Anomalocaris saron, which that specimen of Anomalocaris previously belonged. But recent analysis seems to support that it may not have been an Anomalocaris at all, but rather a relative. Also, long-tailed Anomalocaris (Anomalocaris sp. (ELRC 20001)) is no longer considered as A. saron (now called as Houcaris saron), so estimation of large size is incorrect. In fact, no species of Anomalocaris got that big. The closest was a larger species from the later Burgess Shale in British Columbia, Anomalocaris canadensis, which was about 40 cm (1.3 ft) long (including appendages about 65 cm (2.1 ft) long). 2. "Anomalocaris" saron didn't feed on trilobites, rather more soft-bodied creatures. 3. "Anomalocaris" saron wasn't the first-ever apex predator, nor was it the apex predator of its time and place. The larger Omnidens, being 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) in length, was the largest Cambrian animal known. Anomalocaris canadensis, however, was the apex predator of the later Burgess Shale from the Miaolingian, though it did not surpass Omnidens in size. 4. In the confrontation between two Anomalocaris, the loser supposedly gets wounded by having its rigid armor split. However, this was based on an old now invalid theory, and it is now known that the only relevant armor on the animal was the tripartite carapace on the head. The cuticle of Anomalocaris is sometimes believed to have been soft and flexible. 5. The Silurian segment of the episode actually doesn't take place in the Silurian. The segment's setting is 418,000,000 years ago in the Early Devonian, while the Silurian actually lasted from 443,800,000-419,200,000 years ago. 6. Brontoscorpio was found in England, not Wales. However, given the geographical proximity of the two places (even during the Silurian) it's still considerable that Brontoscorpio inhabited Wales. 7. Brontoscorpio may have actually molted underwater due to its size. 8. Pterygotus was not the largest arthropod of all time, nor did it reach the sizes mentioned. However, the true holder of the title, Jaekelopterus rhenaniae, could attain closer proportions. It was once regarded as possible that the two genera could be lumped, but that hypothesis was long disregarded even before the program's release. 9. According to the program, scorpions like Brontoscorpio "have no memory at all". However, this may not be true, as most animals have at least some memory. 10. Cephalaspis was not ancestral to tetrapods. At the Late Silurian, the most likely replacement would be the already fully jawed Psarolepis. 11. In the Devonian segment, angelfish can be spotted. One can be seen in the background both when the segment starts and when the Hynerpeton is chased by the Stethacanthus. However, there were no teleosts in the Paleozoic era, much less in the Devonian. However it is still possible to be a primitive actinopterin, a clade of bony fish that includes (beyond teleosts) the holostei and the chondrostei (the latter already present at the Devonian). However, the fish appearing in the shots were likely a mistake. 12. Stethacanthus was likely an ocean-going animal and it wasn't a true shark. 13. Hyneria was smaller than depicted in the episode, attaining lengths of 2.5-3.7 metres (8.2-12.1 ft), as opposed to 5 metres (16.4 ft). 14. The Mesothelae spider in the program was based on Megarachne, which during the show's production was thought to be the largest spider ever to live. However, as production was wrapping up, another specimen of Megarachne was discovered that led to the realization that it was actually a eurypterid, leading to the animal in the program being referred to as a speculative species of giant mesothelae spider (an actual group of extant spiders that existed back in the Carboniferous, but its members only vaguely resembled the one from the program and were nowhere near as large). 15. Proterogyrinus was not an amphibian, though it may have lived an amphibious lifestyle. It was possibly a reptiliomorph. 16. There is no evidence suggesting that Arthropleura had powerful jaws, given the fact that its mouthparts have never been preserved along with the rest of the animal. 17. Arthropleura is now known to be a true millipede rather than a distant relative of them. 18. Arthropleura's ability to rear up is purely speculative, and it might not have been possible in real life. 19. Petrolacosaurus is incorrectly shown evolving into the synapsid Edaphosaurus, when in fact, it was an early diapsid, and could therefore not have been the ancestor of any synapsids. The most basal synapsid, Protoclepsydrops, would have been a more suitable candidate. However, Edaphosaurus were already present 300,000,000 years ago, so their ancestors would still be Edaphosaurus. 20. The Dimetrodon hatchlings are shown with their back sails fully erect, when they probably wouldn't have grown them yet. 21. The skin texture of Edaphosaurus and Dimetrodon may be slightly off. It is hypothesized they had scutes on their skin, similar but different to the ones on crocodilians. It's possible they lacked the scales of lepidosaurian reptiles. 22. There is no evidence that Dimetrodon were cannibals, however, this is not impossible. 23. There is no evidence that Dimetrodon eggs would take 7 months to hatch, but we do not have any information on Dimetrodon reproduction whatsoever, so any reconstruction of their reproductive habits will always be speculative until potential future discoveries prove otherwise. 24. Dimetrodon is depicted as living in a desert-like environment, when in fact, Dimetrodon is known to have lived in a swamp-like environment. However, it is still possible that some populations lived in slightly more arid environments than the average. 25. The tops of some Dimetrodon's neural spines could have been exposed bone rather than covered with a full sail, though that is debated. 26. In the programme, Dimetrodon and Edaphosaurus are described as "mammal-like reptiles". However, they were not reptiles, as synapsids form a distinct clade within Amniota, which also contains "reptiles". 27. The Gorgonops and the Rhinesuchus are only known from South Africa, yet in Clash of Titans, they are portrayed living with Scutosaurus, which was only found in Siberia. However, the gorgonopsid featured in the program was more likely an Inostrancevia, as it lived at the same time and place as Scutosaurus. Meanwhile, Rhinesuchus is also from South Africa. Although it is named, in the episode, as a labyrinthodont, a rather wide nomination that has been traditionally used to describe the more primitive amphibian or amphibian-like tetrapodomorphs that existed back then, including ichthyostegalians, temnospondyls, etc. The term labyrinthodont has since been disused, as it is ultimately nearly synonymous with the Stegocephalia clade as a whole, and conveniently removes amniotes, lissamphibians, and lepospondyls out of its definition. A more accurate replacement for it could be Konzhukovia, which lived in Russia at the same time the first part of the episode was set in and was a labyrinthodont just like Rhinesuchus. 28. It is possible that gorgonopsids had hair. However, correlations with the MSX2, a gene that is believed to be correlated with the manifestation of the parietal foramen and the distribution of hair in mammals, has been used to determine which extinct synapsids might have been covered in hair. According to studies done in regards to the manifestation of this gene, the mutations that activate the formation of parietal foramen, may be accompanied by the loss of extensive hair distribution, and that correlation has been made in extinct synapsids. Gorgonopsids, therocephalians, and non-probainognathian cynodonts (which include Thrinaxodon and cynognathians) had parietal foramen, suggesting they didn't have an extensive hairy integument. 29. Euparkeria is not an ancestor of the dinosaurs due to it being more basal than the crocodilian-dinosaur split. Probably the most likely ancestor of the dinosaurs at the time would be a basal dinosauromorph, likely quadrupedal. 30. The therocephalians featured in the episode, Euchambersia, would already be extinct 248,000,000 BCE. They lived from 256,000,000 to 252,000,000 BCE A possible replacement would be Moschorhinus, which survived into the Early Triassic. 31. Euparkeria, Euchambersia and Proterosuchus never lived in Antarctica, but instead in South Africa, which was, nevertheless, geographically close to Antarctica. 32. Proterosuchus was not the ancestor of crocodilians due to it being more basal than the crocodilian-dinosaur split.

On the topic of proterosuchus' lifestyle I like to think it was kinda like an opportunistic carnivore kinda like a water monitor lizard,hunting for fish,Proclophonids, dicynodonts,cynodonts and young temnospondyls in both the land and wateas well as raiding burrows for the young of it's prey and scavenging off the kills of larger terrestrial predators like moschorhinus.

Once upon a time we could make crude but harmless jokes about Proterosuchus filing dinosaur taxes and hoarding dinosaur wealth lmao

Recommend pls RU-vid I liked this ( original idea right here)

What documentary is the thumbnail images from ?

Does not that make crocodiles late proterosuchid mimics? hmmmmm?

Interesting how the same body plans keep reappearing in nature

Si vis pacem, use paracellum?

Do you reply to comments?

That thumbnail

10:40 when in doubt what something evolved for, blame it on sex.

You are wrong good sir. Crocodiles are Proterosuchid mimics :)

Volume is too low, had to stop watching