Proto-Indo-European: An Overview

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🌍 Explore the Roots of Language! 🗺️
📽️ Welcome to our beginner-friendly journey into the world of Proto-Indo-European! 🗣️
In this video, we delve into the ancient linguistic ancestor that gave birth to a vast array of modern languages. Whether you're a language enthusiast, a history buff, or simply curious about the origins of human communication, this video is for you!
🔍 What's Inside:
👉 Introduction to Proto-Indo-European: Unravel the mystery of the world's oldest reconstructed language.
📚 Basic Vocabulary: Learn EIGHT Proto-Indo-European words and their meanings. Gain an insight to proto-Indo-European culture via language!
🗣️ Example Sentences: Hear and see Proto-Indo-European in action with a sample sentence plus some samples of Hittite, Proto-Balto-Slavic and Proto-Celtic.
🌐 Language Evolution: Discover how this ancient language branched into the languages we know today.
🤓 Beginner-Friendly: No prior knowledge required!
📜 Dive into the linguistic treasure trove of Proto-Indo-European and gain a deeper understanding of its impact on our linguistic heritage.
💬 Join the conversation: #ProtoIndoEuropean, #LearnHittite
👍 Don't forget to LIKE, SHARE, and SUBSCRIBE
#ProtoIndoEuropean #LanguageOrigins #Linguistics #BeginnersGuide #LanguageEvolution #Vocabulary #ExampleSentences #LanguageHistory #SubscribeNow

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22 май 2024

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Комментарии : 81

@lilianproencademenezesmont4161 День назад

I am a retired Professor of Sanskrit Language and Litterature from the Department of Classic Studies at the University of São Paulo _ USP , Brazil. In our classes my collegues and I lectured the Indo- European and its relation to Sanskrit.

@LearnHittite 7 месяцев назад

Ach, something went wrong with the rendering of me talking about book recommendations at the end. Probably messed some settings up - was tinkering around with too many new things. My apologies. You'll have to just put up with my low resolution face and overly bright backgorund

@andrein7160 7 месяцев назад

Thank you for the video. Great to see that other people are also interested in ancient languages and PIE!

@LearnHittite 7 месяцев назад

And thank you for the kind words!

@joalexsg9741 3 месяца назад

So true! Channels like this are precious jewels of knowledge themselves!❤🎉

@iwhu707 Месяц назад

Ancient Linguistics is so underrated - it’s such a fascinating look into how ancient people lived, spoke, and thought

@wojtekrynkowski2172 3 месяца назад

Thanks for a very good film and the simplicity of explaining.

@LearnHittite 3 месяца назад

Glad you liked it!

@saberliberta Месяц назад

Congratulations!! Your presentation is great. I love the recommendation of books. Big hug from Brazil

@LearnHittite Месяц назад

Thank you bro, I appreciate the support!

@LeafNye 10 дней назад

Fascinating video!

@mukhumor 6 месяцев назад

Love your content man.

@LearnHittite 6 месяцев назад

Much appreciated bro, the kind words keep me motivated!

@casualpact8154 7 месяцев назад

Keep the videos coming brother! 🍻

@joalexsg9741 3 месяца назад

Such a wonderful video about proto-Indo-European makes this channel even more precious, thank you so much❤ I always give the due thumbs-up and share!🎉❤🎉❤

@LearnHittite 3 месяца назад

Thank you so so much for your kind words! I might do a second version of this video because my editing skills have gotten a little better. PIE is a fascinating subject!

@joalexsg9741 3 месяца назад

@@LearnHittite Aw, thank YOU for such a kind feedback!😍😍Yes, Indo-European studies in general have always fascinated me too!

@maciekhibner04 7 месяцев назад

Great vid mate!

@LearnHittite 7 месяцев назад

Cheers! Positive words are always motivating 💪

@ceohadenough894 7 месяцев назад

Really great video

@LearnHittite 7 месяцев назад

Cheers and thank you for the kind words!

@Pepijn_a.k.a._Akikaze 6 месяцев назад

I immediately recognised the Polish book at the beginning of the video. I got it as a present from a fellow student. It is quite outdated though. I really appreciate your book recommendations.

@LearnHittite 6 месяцев назад

Yeah I keep it on my desk for nostalgia purposes. Is there a more up to date version of something similar in Polish language though? Recently I just recommend people to buy the Oxford introduction if they need something general on PIE.

@Pepijn_a.k.a._Akikaze 6 месяцев назад

@@LearnHittite Not that I know of. Since I have studied comparative linguistics for over forty years I am not looking for such books, let alone in Polish. Nowadays I am more interested in solving the laryngeal problem. I don't have the answers but in my view unpronounceable reconstructions and laryngeals in almost every word cannot reflect a spoken language even though the reconstructors stress that the phonological representations of the laryngeals are unknown.

@pafauk361 4 месяца назад

@@Pepijn_a.k.a._Akikaze that's one of the issues with any modern Polish book. The western world pretty much accepted laryngeals as a fact but Polish researchers barely even mention them in their publications - because of over-reliance on them to explain too much of the stuff so far unexplained and the impossibility of phonetic realisation. Maybe there is some good stuff to read out there, but people tend to study P.I.E. in English anyway.

@auraledgereal 2 месяца назад

Bro can you do a video about fascinating cognates across major Indo European languages. Please include extinct languages like Anatolian, Tocharian, Thracian etc. And also what about Wusun People? Do you know about their linguistic & cultural traits? Thankz

@Ateesh6782 3 месяца назад

Never expected that linguistic terms like “dude” and “dudette” would be thrown around… ;) ❤️

@LearnHittite 3 месяца назад

🤣

@qetoun Месяц назад

dudos? dudas?

@peterfireflylund 3 месяца назад

“Phology” ;) - typo in the chapter name.

@LearnHittite 3 месяца назад

I had a big typo in my recent Amazigh video that is haunting me. However, I believe the chapter names are auto-generated so I can't be blamed for that one!

@davidjames3787 5 месяцев назад

I'm sure that I read that it is speculated that the earliest form of PIE would have had only two genders, namely animate and inanimate. Inanimate would become the neuter gender whilst the animate would have split into masculine and feminine. In other words masculine and feminine genders were innovations. This would seem logical to me. However I'm happy to be corrected if wrong.

@LearnHittite 5 месяцев назад

Yes you are right, I made a video about it here ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-m6zBEPCR5hM.htmlsi=igEU20aN1Ul7MTQ5

@mariiris1403 4 месяца назад

But how come the Czech language still have the distinction between animate and inanimate nouns only in the masculine gender? They also have feminine and neuter, but they don't have this split. @@LearnHittite

@LearnHittite 4 месяца назад

They do have this distinction yes, in fact most slavic languages do, and I believe at least in the case of Russian, the animacy/inanimacy distinction isn't limited to the masculine. In 'The Slavonic Languages' by Comrie and Corbett, 2002, they state that the distinction developed in proto-slavic from -o and -i-o, they call the different forms 'sub-genders'. One of the authors (Corbett, 1988, Gender in Slavonic...) did a deeper investigation, it's worth checking out that article if you're interested (it's free to access on jstor). I'm not sure if there are any other theories amongst other Slavic linguists though.

@mariiris1403 4 месяца назад

Thank you, I will check it out! @@LearnHittite

@reeb3687 7 месяцев назад

is the "wi" from tocharian an invented plural ending like the "-i" is in other indo european languages? such as dw + o -> w + i? also great video, learning about this is always very interesting even if i have already learned about some of it and the way you present it is much more engaging than reading an article.

@LearnHittite 7 месяцев назад

Tocharian A had two forms declined for gender 'wu' and 'we' so I presume a similar paradigm exisited in Tocharian B. Meaning that it was likely PIE 'dwoh3' plus extension for gender markers followed by dropping 'd'. Thats the idea presented in the Oxford intro to PIE by Mallory and Adams anyway. And thanks for your positive feedback! I was thinking of putting together a video on either proto-celtic or Tocharian - which would you like to see?

@reeb3687 7 месяцев назад

@@LearnHittite I would definitely like to see a video on Tocharian. Thanks for the explanation!

@LearnHittite 7 месяцев назад

@@reeb3687 👍

@tiagorodrigues3730 7 месяцев назад

For reference, Tocharian A was apparently called _ārśi_ while Tocharian B was called _kuśiññe;_ the _actual_ Tocharian language may have been an Iranian language which was used by the Kushan Empire and only recently (as recently as last October) was finally identified as being encoded in the so-called Unknown Script from that area (Bactria and Ferghana).

@LearnHittite 7 месяцев назад

You're 100% right on the endonyms, these terms (at least kuśiññe) are used in texts from their neighbours too so they seem legit. I had no idea about the other discovery though, but it seems exciting! www.scientificamerican.com/article/ancient-unknown-script-is-finally-deciphered/

@nezperce2767 12 дней назад

Any written monuments or signs of it?

@ricardo82shadow123 5 дней назад

The atta for father resembles the ata in Turkish... Maybe proto Indo European has a distant connection with Turkish and Mongolic...😮 At least maybe ancient borrowings

@francisnopantses1108 Месяц назад

Could atta be a loan from Turkic instead? Aren't most lallworter "baba mama"? Babies say gugu gaga, if you've ever been around a baby. A word like atta is something a somewhat older child would use. And that would imply that it's not a nursery word but a term of endearment, perhaps a synonym, or a diminutive. A loan word wouldn't be unheard of. In the last millennium Mandarin speakers used Turkish loan words for mom and dad (die niang). Only more recently did the lallwort from another Chinese lect reenter Mandarin: baba mama. These are very old and Mandarin has very familiar sounding reflexes of them: fu mu.

@Annatar 15 часов назад

One thing I don't get: you said that the vowels in PIE were just E and O, but the accusative word for wool (h2wlh1nam) has an A. What's going on? Thanks

@sylwianawrocka2599 13 часов назад

This happens in some PIE reconstructions - same is with bʰardʰéh₂ (beard) - it is usually due to a few reasons like whoever did the reconstruction doesn't adhere to PIE only having two vowels (E,O) or because most linguists assume the 'a' in later dialects came from a laryngeal + vowel combination but in this case there is either no evidence for the type of laryngeal for whatever reason so they stick with the 'a' vowel and expect others to work it out. The presenter likely only wanted to work with published reconstructions. I've only ever seen the ACC for wool with an 'a' vowel. There are a few other reasons too.

@MG-vf8xm 7 месяцев назад

yeah yeah I luv the two headed eagle

@bitegoatie 3 месяца назад

On the books, give me old-fashioned rules. Not learning the rules, in the modern manner, replicates modern English-language semiliteracy (at best - most of us have no clue how to speak, much less how to write English) in the study of ancient languages. Yes, a text needs to be engaging, but rules and facts are a blessing and provide a foundation when one attempts to learn languages.

@lebowskiduderino89 5 дней назад

I speak a unique language after I have too much to drink.

@pierreabbat6157 4 месяца назад

Πατηρ ληνος μητρι διδωσι. "Wool" switched gender to a neuter s-stem, which since late Classical time drops the s in other forms and merges vowels. This is not the word for wool in NT Greek (the Greek I'm familiar with); that is εριον, and there's a different word ληνος (acc. ληνον), which means "winepress".

@yashagarwal8741 4 месяца назад

in sanskrit id say Pitā mātáray ūṛṇam dadāti proto indo aryan - pHtā́ maHtaray Hwŕ̥Hnām dádaHti.

@qetoun Месяц назад

Here's my PIE reconstruction of the word dude. *Hdtodos = 'to swell', 'to shine', 'to acquire', 'man', 'male thing',

@LearnHittite Месяц назад

I love it.

@user-fl2ok7ms6u 11 дней назад

No. English has old words before Roman and French invasions even today. Dude is one of them because you have a pair in exact meaning in Serbian language, (Prizrensko-Timochki dialect) and its "duda", but, it is femininum. Second meaning is a "tit". Since tit (d->t) is called also "doika", it is obviousli from word "dati", wich means to give. Aha. Now, it is so simple - DV is always in meaning "where somethng is more", like number 2, dada (sister, nurse), dva (two), ti, vi (you, sing. then plural), i guess, in some way dada and dati (to give) belong there, ((who can be sure, this science is full of "it"), etc. You just cant ignore language with 11000000 word forms, and number is small only because investigation was stoped by politicians around 1960. I guess, it is forein demand, because, hey, we all know who are they who want to controll science. Hdtodos? Are you human or AI? How can you prononce word of 7 signs, and word of 7 letters? 7 sounds just cant be parent to word of 3 dud. Im not sure hwo was that smart guy who heard "e" at the end and wrote it down.

@qetoun 11 дней назад

@@user-fl2ok7ms6u Information overlaod son! My PIE version of dude was just a joke. But if its an old word then cool.

@user-fl2ok7ms6u 11 дней назад

@@qetoun PIE is a joke per se.

@christopherellis2663 3 месяца назад

20:31 orange on brown is illegible

@LearnHittite 3 месяца назад

I'll be re-making this video soon, my production skills have got a bit better!

@davidjames3787 5 месяцев назад

I'm sure I read somewhere that Proto Indo-European had only two genders, namely animate and inanimate and that masculine and feminine forms were a later innovation. I'm happy to be corrected if I'm wrong.

@LearnHittite 5 месяцев назад

Early PIE had animate and inanimate genders. Luraghi and Matasovic are two linguists who have their own theories regarding what happened next. I'm more on the side of Luraghi but I'm open to being corrected. I made a video about PIE gender here ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-m6zBEPCR5hM.htmlsi=igEU20aN1Ul7MTQ5

@davidjames3787 5 месяцев назад

@@LearnHittite Many thanks.

@yvonne530 27 дней назад

English I am Albanian jam

@ricardo82shadow123 5 дней назад

In that comparison table or lacks Armenian and Albany...😊

@abedinsutaj4441 2 месяца назад

Where is Albanian language?

@jimhellenic9643 4 месяца назад

I’m still skeptical about language reconstruction and pronunciation. How do we even know that proto-indo-european was spoken at the Ukrainian steppes? There are no written records, so, who decided that that’s where it was spoken?

@LearnHittite 4 месяца назад

By combining linguistic, archaeological and genetic data we can come up with some theories. See: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Horse,_the_Wheel,_and_Language Others of course disagree and put the homeland somewhere south of the caucuses.

@lowersaxon 4 месяца назад

Did I get this right? We know about the sounds of the Hittite language? We dont even know if the Romans were c or k speakers: circus or kirkus, Caesar ( from that russ. Tsar) or Kaesar ( from that germ. Kaiser)? Nobody knows exactly how ancient Greek was spoken. But Hittite? I think thats either a misunderstanding or fake news, sorry.

@LearnHittite 4 месяца назад

Sorry, what point of the video are you referring to? I've spoken in other videos (the one on Anatolian and Tocharian) about the debates amongst linguists regarding the phonology of Hittite.

@talideon 2 месяца назад

We actually have a _very_ good idea of what Latin sounded like, and we know that the "Caesar" was pronounced with a /k/, not an /s/. This is because we have plenty of evidence from its descendents, plenty of evidence from inscriptions, writings, and most importantly of all, graffiti. While nothing can, of course, be nailed down 100%, we're very, very close to that. If it were physically possible, you could travel back in time two millennia and be able to speak Latin with only a slight accent from everything we know about it.

@oravlaful Месяц назад

Roman scholars have written that the C was always pronounced like K. So kirkus and kentum

@oravlaful Месяц назад

5:30 where does albanian fit?

@tombra7 7 месяцев назад

PIE didn`t exist .

@sylwianawrocka2599 7 месяцев назад

Care to explain?

@tiagorodrigues3730 7 месяцев назад

The cake is a lie!

@rocktapperrobin9372 5 месяцев назад

if it didn’t exist you have to invent it

@tombra7 4 месяца назад

@@rocktapperrobin9372 that`s what they did.

@tiagorodrigues3730 4 месяца назад

@@tombra7 I mean, you can say that a language *exactly* like what is written in any PIE grammar *probably* did not exist. But the fact that there is a language which developed into all the modern IE languages the way Latin evolved into the modern Romance languages is undeniable.