Space Expert Breaks Down Spacesuits in 'Star Trek,' 'The Martian' and More | GQ

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Dr. Cathleen Lewis, curator of International Space Programs and Spacesuits at the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum, breaks down space suits from movies including 'Star Trek,' 'Gravity,' 'Alien,' 'Prometheus,' 'The Martian,' 'Moonraker,' 'Destination Moon,' 'Stargate: Atlantis,' 'Armageddon,' '2001: A Space Odyssey,' 'Outland,' 'Moon' and 'Sunshine.'
00:00 Intro
00:29 'Star Trek'
03:08 'Gravity'
06:22 'Alien'
08:58 'Prometheus'
10:46 'The Martian'
14:19 'Moonraker'
16:41 'Destination Moon'
21:03 'Stargate: Atlantis'
23:58 'Armageddon'
27:47 '2001: A Space Odyssey'
31:22 'Outland'
33:30 'Moon'
34:39 'Sunshine'
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20 июн 2024

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Комментарии : 464

@EGSA71 2 года назад

I really enjoyed how Dr Lewis took into account the year the movies were made and highlighted the efforts people put into spacesuit design!

@Commenter1270 2 года назад

Solaris too.

@monosaturated 2 года назад

Her pattern of speech; the way she expounds upon things, is so professorial that I really did learn quite a bit and it was easily digestible in a manner that was quite impressive. She's a natural teacher, and an amazing expert.

@DrWhom Год назад

really?

@ufc990 Год назад

@@DrWhom People hand out compliments like skittles here; bunch of mouth breathers

@mattyt1961 2 года назад

One thing I love about her is she openly takes the need for character and making something cinematic into account rather than just call BS

@thejokkerulez2446 2 года назад

Listening to her, I feel like I am back in kindergarten being told the most amazing story by the teacher.

@pho3nix- 2 года назад

Haha yes, unfortunately I never had cool teachers like her

@DarthEyesDragon Год назад

Why is this comment so accurate!?

@Moose92411 Год назад

Her voice is remarkably soothing!

@Fastwinstondoom 2 года назад

Needs a second video, with Interstellar and The Expanse and Battlestar Galactica to mention a few!

@pierrebeastlovesyou 2 года назад

Exactly. Bobby's marine suit for sure.

@jijakyu 2 года назад

Ad astra and star trek first contact

@tint1122 2 года назад

Yes! The Expanse would be awesome!

@JinKee 2 года назад

@@tint1122 agreed- i notice that Free Navy vac suits are comfortable enough to wear at all times. Also “For All Man Kind” on apple+ tv has moon marines with m16s which is interesting since space suits have kevlar to deal with micrometeorites but, well spoilers.

@gagarin777 2 года назад

@@JinKee kevlar is not good against rifle ammo. That is why level 3A vests can be made out of kevlar, but for level 3 to pass the requirements you need hardened plate.

@holgerschrenk8827 2 года назад

I really liked that she not just criticized the different suits but also took into account the necessities of movie-making and storytelling. That's really rare in videos like this.

@Teh1337H4x0rz111 2 года назад

Man, that Dr Lewis is really interesting; I could listen to her for hours... Great analysis, short, to the point, and yet, thorough. I'd love to see more videos featuring her.

@rosstapson 2 года назад

She is awesome, would like to see more content featuring her.

@MonkeyJedi99 2 года назад

Another cool point about that scene in Destination Moon, the door opens INTO the airlock, so that a pressurized airlock would help hold the door closed as opposed to increasing the risk of it opening.

@curlybrace314 2 года назад

I wanna see her talk about more spacesuits! This was informative and cool.

@mickyvlogs1602 2 года назад

This is wonderful. Dr. Lewis does an amazing job, the way she takes the time of making into Account, her explanations of the real astronauts' needs. Please ask her to do another (couple of) episodes.

@llYossarian 2 года назад

Too often these experts don't have much of an appreciation for the filmmaking/the differences between what actually needs addressing as an "expert" and which parts are clearly necessary for the artifice and don't need critical analysis but Dr. Lewis seems to _get_ and love most of these movies in a way I don't know if I've seen on here before... I loved it.

@mehere8038 Год назад

while I'm loving the way she tells what she has to say & she seems very knowledgable, I"m really trying to figure out how a Smithsonian person is an "expert" on spacesuits. What's her actual experience on this? I'm wondering if the Smithsonian keeps tv show space suits as well as real ones, therefore kinda making her an "expert" in both

@ablemagawitch Год назад

@@mehere8038 I would guess The Smithsonian would have both. Although they might be in different displayed and/or stored in different department sections. Real Space Suits would be in the in Air and Space section and the TV and Film in the entertainment section in the Humanities/culture Section/wings/buildings. Sorry not feeling well and forgetting the correct names.... What the public sees is very small sample of what they actually have in storage and available to lucky researchers. A Smithsonian behind the scene tours of what they act do there besides the displays is equally amazing. When they make a replacement part for any item, it is so close to the original, that they have to engrave it in way so that all future historians , preservationists, scientists, etc. will know that is not an original part.

@mehere8038 Год назад

@@ablemagawitch That's cool :) I'm not in America, watching on after writing the above comment, she mentioned the air & space Smithsonian, is it a different wing/section or a completely different facility? The way you're speaking I'm thinking different wing/section, but the way she was speaking I was wondering if it might be a completely different facility. If it is just a different wing within the same facility, yeh, she would have amazing opportunities, imagine being able to actually look at all the famous scifi stuff side by side to the real stuff! Possibly even try it on, or at least touch it & really understand it. I wonder how many applicants they get for a job like that! Would be a LOT I would bet! That's interesting re the engravings too, thanks for sharing your knowledge on this stuff :)

@contaru Год назад

What feels like an easy answer for why Ripley's suit was too big is that it wasn't made for her. It was a spare suit that was in the escape shuttle, and was probably made big enough to accomodate anyone on the crew.

@ChristophVehr 2 года назад

Would have loved to hear her opinion about Interstellar

@Jaksi-a 2 года назад

There's another one like this which covers aspects of interstellar, not sure if it's wired who has a series with a male astronaut, but I think so.

@Moongod2500 2 года назад

I think it was done by vanity fair

@Jaksi-a 2 года назад

@@Moongod2500 might be, I believe it has 2 or 3 different one with the same male astronaut talking about space in movies etc.

@workingguy6666 2 года назад

How about "The Expanse"?

@Christian_Johansson Год назад

Or anything, science of unclogging a toilet would probably be interesting if she was the one telling it.

@drewmccord1087 2 года назад

Would’ve been cool to hear her talk about Firefly/Serenity.

@brookeg5979 2 года назад

I love this series, but Dr. Lewis was one of my very favorite guests you've had. Concise, informative, interesting, well delivered, and a fan of movies as well as the science of the suits so a depth of perspective we don't always get. Really enjoyed it, the 37 minutes disappeared in a blink!

@erakfishfishfish 2 года назад

Moon is one of those movies not enough people have seen. It’s so good.

@feelflows 2 года назад

The only downside to it is that Kevin Spacey’s in it. But that’s not the movies fault, it’s still one of my favourite movies ever

@erakfishfishfish 2 года назад

@@feelflows at least you don’t have to see his face

@wingerding 2 года назад

@@feelflows well he's one of the best actors of the last 50 years so it's not the greatest tragedy.

@tylerandsandiescott2893 2 года назад

I owe a hard copy. It would come to the bunker

@josephcontreras8930 2 года назад

Sam Rockwell did a stellar performance in moon.

@cristiep7377 2 года назад

I loved her! So much knowledge, wow!!

@tarmaque 2 года назад

_Destination Moon_ was written by Robert Heinlein, who was also an engineer. His writing is almost all technically very scientifically correct. He loved to make his ballistics and equipment as correct as the science of his time could make them. Sure he also had fantastical elements to his stories, but they tended to be a single element that added excitement to the plot. In _Destination Moon_ he tried to make it as technically plausible as he could because so many of the contemporary "science fiction" of the day were so outlandish and ridiculous.

@herbertkeithmiller 2 года назад

A note on the space suits worn on Destination Moon, they're all different colored. When you see a someone in a suit you can't see who it is so you color them differently to be able to tell them apart. On the moon they used colored stripes on the helmet and arms and legs

@Geographus666 2 года назад

They only started doing that with A13 and onward though, after realizing that it was fairly hard to tell the astronauts apart in the photos of A11 and A12. I mean NASA could figure it out due to the photo-log, but for the public it was basically impossible.

@alanrogers7090 Год назад

The spacesuits in "2001: A Space Odyssey", were designed by two NASA specialists, who also informed much of the other designs used in the film.

@christinekelly2434 2 года назад

This is excellent! I would love to see a series of videos on this topic. And, thank you Dr. Lewis for your analysis of Sigourney Weaver's space suit in Alien - one of my all time favorite movies.

@JSnyder3333 Год назад

I think the facemask material used in Star Trek was fine screen mesh. The appearance of the mask material just reminds me of looking through a mesh screen. It would have been cheap, easy to find, given an exotic look, and not as expensive as polycarbonate. The shape of the helmet lends itself to a rectangular screen as well.

$@fractuss$

@fractuss Год назад

Yes, the key phrase with TOS is "not as expensive", the studios were incredibly cheap with that show.

@Deus69xxx1 Год назад

and would have allowed voice to go through without individual mics, and many other logistical nightmares of the decade.

@justaguy6100 2 года назад

One of the reasons that they made the helmet's face shield so large in Alien is so it would make the facehugger attack more plausible. They originally had planned more compact helmets with small face shields.

@salem-xh1pl 2 года назад

please keep making more videos related to space!! i love them so much

@Vyzard 2 года назад

Kinda wish she / GQ would show more of the museum suits photos when making these breakdowns.

@markzambelli Год назад

About the similarity of 2001: A Space Odyssey suits/helmets and Moonraker suits/helmets, especially Drax's 'yellow/orange' ones... they were both designed by Harry Lange (Lange had won a BAFTA for 2001 btw). For 2001 though, the suit was made by 'Frankenstein and Sons' (based in Manchester, United Kingdom) and the helmet and life-support packs were made by 'Master Models' (based in London). With both movies being made in England I wonder if both these companies were involved?

@billjohnson69 Год назад

It seems like the clear face shields in the Star Trek suits is actually a fairly tightly woven mesh, it gives it the look of a transparent plastic but can make the curve better and let the actor breathe and their voices be heard in the shot.

@kristianstaalby8499 Год назад

And they don't reflect the entire scene like a mirror

@rlpsychology 2 года назад

Dr. Lewis, Really, really appreciate the detail, including the fabrication process.

@jimmagwojo2718 2 года назад

Thoroughly enjoyable, thank you Dr Lewis

@ankiking Год назад

So glad she spoke about Moon - amazing movie. Sunshine is another favorite!

@davidsalvador6031 2 года назад

The gunfire has no recoil because they're energy weapons, I imagine lasers, and light beams have no appreciable mass even if made of photons travelling at lightspeed

@shaggycan 2 года назад

Came to say the same thing. I'm like um photons are massless, so no recoil.

@ThisNoName 2 года назад

light does have pressure and can move object in space, I think

@matthewgumabon7498 2 года назад

I think her point is that the astronauts on the receiving end of the laser guns are getting blasted away. A projectile with a significant amount of mass or an explosive is required to blast them in such a dramatic way. A high power laser weapon would likely just burn a hole through the pressure suit or melt instruments, tubing, etc. at the impact sight, pretty much still dooming the pilot of the suit, but in a much slower and less dramatic way.

@jagrathty2743 2 года назад

Nah.. I think she meant that if those weapons can blast enemy away.. means they carry some mass right? So they should have some recoil which they don't... And also, light in space does affect the speed of objects in space even though it's very very very less. But it does.

@jagrathty2743 2 года назад

@@matthewgumabon7498 yup, that's what I thought too

@MsFunology 2 года назад

Wow. Up untill now, I didn't know a job called space suit curator and up untill now, I took space suit in movies for granted, thinking everything is accurate. Silly me. Should thank GQ for their breakdown videos. Very informative. I learned a lot about many things.

@beeble2003 Год назад

Well, for anything that exists in museums, there's the potential for "that-thing curator" to be somebody's job.

@akizeta 2 года назад

'Curator of Spacesuits' That's a cool job title.

@beowulf1417 2 года назад

This was good! And boy yeah, Prometheus was a mess of mistakes in every conceivable way. Also, lasers wouldn't have recoil like a ballistic weapon so it's possible the suits' propulsion(?) systems would counter the minor recoil a laser gun would generate?

@beeble2003 Год назад

Yeah, not sure what she was talking about, there. The recoil of a laser is so tiny that it's essentially zero.

@Ganiscol 2 года назад

Yes, please! Until next time! Dr. Lewis is elaborate and pleasant to listen to, you just have to bring her back for more space things!

@brianmontague6641 Год назад

Thanks doc you did a great job made it interesting for someone who knows quite a bit more than a fair amount about suits yet somebody who is a complete in office could very easily be absorbed into your vocal pattern and learn quite a bit you're a lucky person to be able to pass along such knowledge

@DwayneETowns 2 года назад

Dr. Lewis is amazing! I could listen to her talk for hours. Knowledge expertise! Pointing out the bad technology of movie sci-fi space suits... Just brilliant!

@nefariousgremlin7554 Год назад

It's so cool that she's a fan of Moon, I love that movie too!

@Drake_Ebonheart Год назад

wow I love listening to Dr. Lewis talk about one of my favorite subjects!

@qqqqcccc5937 2 года назад

Thanks Dr. Lewis, I really enjoyed your scientific commentary and that fact that your comments were not derogatory of the films. I could also tell that you were a movie buff. You did a great job!

@Echostation3T8 2 года назад

Fantastic video! 2 errors: Moonraker: lasers wouldn’t have a recoil. 2001: Bowman shot past the airlock controls and bounced off the opposite wall before getting to the controls.

@crystalheart9 Год назад

Dr. Cathleen Lewis gave a very interesting talk about spacesuits, I enjoyed it! Thanks.

@MrHws5mp Год назад

Something I was wating for her to mention, which Adam Savage has pointed out numerous times, is that nearly all movie space suits have inwards facing lights inside the helmet so that the audience can see the actor's face, but that these would be highly counter-productive in a real space suit because they'd be blinding the astronaut.

@sherryflavour3791 2 года назад

She is so wel spoken and explains complicated concepts with such ease it's amazing! Really enjoyed the video

@biggityboggityboo8775 Год назад

Why does this not have more views? This lady is a joy to watch.

@synxz214 2 года назад

GQ’s videos are always so good

@Henkvanpeer Год назад

Very informative expert analyses of space suits. Tnx very much, I learned a lot!

@jarink1 2 года назад

The spacesuit in Alien is too large because it's a generic suit in a lifeboat. It makes sense for it to be a bit large to make sure there's enough room for whoever might be trying to save themselves. Plus, it's got Sigourney Weaver in it....

@robotniqueee 2 года назад

She's just surprised because Sigourney Weaver is a shade over 5'10. So unless the suits were designed for an average height of 6' then it's a surprise that it looks so big on her.

@chemistrykrang8065 Год назад

@@robotniqueee I think she was a bit taller than that at the time. She's talked in interviews about being "six foot" and struggling to get roles as a result (she might have been rounding up a bit, I suppose)... I think the point stands, though - the suit could easily have been intended for a 6' 6" astronaut. It is also plausible that having an oversized suit was just an artistic decision to make the situation seem more uncomfortable and threatening.

@NeoMorphUK Год назад

2001 space suits reminded me of Mattel Toys Major Matt Mason. My big sister bought me my Major Matt. I loved that bellows jointed little man… up until the wire broke in said joints.

@tankgrrl Год назад

Wonderful! GQ, you always find the best people for these videos!

@ablemagawitch Год назад

What no Space Above and Beyond" 1995 with their "The Wildcards" , nor a any of the Battlestar Galactica Universe series and films? Looks like there needs to be a follow up series of Space Expert Breaks Down Spacesuits Part 2 (maybe 3 and 4) in ...... Thank you Dr. Cathleen Lewis, I hope we see you do more of these educational videos. You are a great teacher for how you present the subject matter. Anyone that gets to hear you speak at the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum is extremely lucky.

@darrenerickson1288 3 месяца назад

Awesome presentation and great GREAT selection of movies examined. Thank you! 🎉

@patricktilton5377 Год назад

How about that convenient handle on Chekov's EVA spacesuit in STAR TREK II: The Wrath of Khan, which Khan uses to pick him up with? What other function could that handle have?

@jinron24 Год назад

You did a great job of describing suits and technology but one thing, in "Moonraker" if those are lasers their would be no recoil in the burst of light. And no sound either!

@omnipedia-tech 2 года назад

Interesting thoughts about the Stargate Atlantis suits. Normally on the show, they just used replications of regular space suits, since it was set in present day. Those suits in the clip were unique, not even designed for humans but rather they adjust to fit around any being that enters it, designed by little gray aliens who interacted with humans. I never really thought of them as space suits - more like alien power armor. She's great though! Would love to see her on Adam Savage's show.

@rubens4747 2 года назад

She understood the assignment

@mordinsolus161 Год назад

Thanks, Dr. Lewis. It was a pleasure to listen to you!

@q.h.s5051 Год назад

The Moonraker Lasers we're designed to have no recoil. One shot, quick kill, no blood, and no missing The perfect weapon

@F0xyTr0xy Год назад

Dr. Lewis' flow of information on design and functionality of space suits was really impressive. I didn't realize how much thought and ingenuity went into space suits down to the thread used. I am really entertained by her breakdown of the suits in movies!

@1wookieman 2 года назад

I have been to the Smithsonian Air and Space museum 5 times. I live in NY. Dr Cathleen Lewis, thank you for doing this. It was very interesting. I have to get back to D.C.

@JakeBarr17 2 года назад

This was excellent!! I hope she does more

@capellozapellini6074 2 года назад

That idea of feeling like you’re falling at a fast speed while floating in space sounds so terrifying

@andrewkaye2108 Год назад

I love her "pew, pew" comment when reviewing the Moonraker segment. Lol A very informative review of these movies. She did a fantastic job. :)

@gina7288 Год назад

I cracked up at that but she missed the Aaaaaarrrrrgh bit out after the "Pew pew" bit.

@davidsworld5837 Год назад

it was amazing i watch every minute of it. it is weird how the older movie did more thing correct when they had very little info about space.

@azoregturbo 2 года назад

1) you got to have a ditch 2) appropriately sized helmet

@em_yu Год назад

this was lovely, thank you

@koxey5427 2 года назад

Amazing video as ever now I'll watch it

@bridgetboyle687 2 года назад

Small nitpick Stargate Atlantis isn’t a space suit it’s actually armor. They stole the armor and put it on so they could enter the radiation room.

@kdogtyson1108 2 года назад

They're used in space in SGU which is something I would've liked to see in the video

2 года назад

And the materials they used are not exactly futuristic, but quite the opposite. They are ancient in every sense of the word.

@kdogtyson1108 2 года назад

@ they use them in space in sgu though the helmets different

@greatsilentwatcher Год назад

I enjoyed the review. Some movies and TV shows I've seen and wondered about some of these things you mentioned.

@DavidPaulMorgan Год назад

Thank you Dr Lewis. This has been one of the most interesting overviews I've seen in a long time. Please can you look at The Expanse for us too?

@VicAusTaxiTruckie 2 года назад

The SG Atlantis suits are meant to be alien in origin, they are fantastical, not based on human designs

@ericssmith2014 Год назад

Also quite a bit of Iron Man (2008) influence there, where there's an in-the-helmet closeup on the face with nothing but flying HUD graphics visible. Unless this scene predates 2008, in which case the influence goes the other way around.

@dianeneedham6703 2 года назад

Vey Informative, thank you, good job.

@jrangel118 2 года назад

I think i remember her coming to my school 20yrs ago for a space talk.

@julianwarren7770 Год назад

This is great. Only question… surely laser weapons would be recoilless? She seems surprised that there was no recoil in the Moonraker scenes

@philippvoid1800 Год назад

you can use a lazerbeam to push a space-sail. so yea, it has recoil in space

@lorenda79 2 года назад

I love this series!

@MortenPejterRoitmann Год назад

Amazing person. Loved it. Thank you. 😄

@Julia-lk8jn 2 года назад

I think the easy-to-shatter helmets on Prometheus were part of the "let's make sure that something goes dramatically wrong" mission design. You know, like naming your vessel after somebody who ends up chained to a rock, being eviscerated by an eagle once a day. She's right, Sigourney Weaver looks like she's disappearing in that astronaut's suit (but I think in close ups they changed it so doesn't peer over the lower end of the visor).

@spinal_capped Год назад

Naming exploration vessels after extremely ominous subjects is just a reflection of real-life! I mean, just look at the HMS Terror and HMS Erebus… 😬

@jcwg8314 2 года назад

curator of space suits is such a cool job title!

@JinaSolo 2 года назад

@12:56 - I am assuming that the idea is that you do not want to be rubbing dust around. So, a sun-shield on the inside makes sense... I understand that manual might be better, but that might be an electronic control...

@theonlyjacknicole 2 года назад

Thank you for featuring Stargate Atlantis! 😊💗

@samuraikitty18 Год назад

I'm glad she touched on the lights inside the space suits. I know that they are used in movies so we can see our actors, but they are definitely not realistic!

@otteotte7698 2 года назад

So glad they included "Sunshine," lol

@otteotte7698 2 года назад

@@User-54631 Got that right, weirdest third act ever.

@yvs707 2 года назад

Awesome insite! Please do all my favorite space movies 🎬!

@RoyaltyFreeVideoClips 2 года назад

Serenity just had motorcycle helmets with a sound effect of decompression when being removed

@KosmoAlx 2 года назад

I'm I the only one that would love to have this lady as a teacher?

@adamdubin1276 2 года назад

22:24, it is also similar to a system that the US Navy is working on for Divers that will display equipment readouts and even sonar mapping on the helmets of deep sea divers, quite interesting.

@TheThundercool Год назад

This deserves a second part on videogame spacesuits and spacearmor.

@rodmullen64 Год назад

I appreciate that she highlighted pros and cons as well as the feasibility and realism of the suits rather than giving a number value and basically saying anything negative. Overall very pleasant I didn't even realize it had been nearly 40 minutes

@MrKeykeylikesit 2 года назад

Great breakdowns

@trentlee8873 Год назад

this was fantastic

@artembentsionov 2 года назад

That HUD inside the helmet view in SGA predates Iron Man

@erikstormtrooper Год назад

Wonderful video! Can't believe she didn't talk about the rapid decompression effect in Outland though.

@olemew Год назад

35:44 WOW. I had never heard of this fact about being close to the Sun.

@jetlifari 2 года назад

Thank you! That was great 🤗

@patsonzgambo9672 2 года назад

Brilliant video

@patar3323 2 года назад

This is great stuff. Just wanted to add, when you lose your air in space, she says your goo bubbles out; the moisture in your mouth and eyes, boil, while the air in your lungs pushes out and right before you pass out. The boiling and freezing points drop with no or negative pressure, and since the only heat transfer touching nothing is purely radiation, which is the slowest form of heat transfer, I think, so it takes a pretty long time to actually freeze. And I'm talking space, the planet they were on had an atmosphere, just didn't contain any oxygen, so just simple asphyxiation.

@Nghilifa 2 года назад

Asphyxiation is what kills you in a vacuum too.

@gina7288 2 года назад

I remember my dad years back when we were watching Moonraker and he said the guys that got their suits punctured, that their bodies would expand and explode. It turns out that he was wrong she explained it well I remember my dad and boyfriend both saying they would of been screaming like those men if they were in a punctured spacesuit spinning around, it gave me a nightmare.

@erictaylor5462 Год назад

7:00 Well, she is in an emergency situation. If that alien realizes she is there she is dead anyway. So she is kind of rushing getting into the space suit. It does seem odd that the door would open with pressure inside the spacecraft though. Explosive decompression is usually avoided on a space craft, even in the future, I'm sure they would have devices that would prevent that.

@LorenPechtel Год назад

Yeah. Doors aren't going to open against pressure, period. That would be a horrible weakness in your spaceship design. If you need to waste your air rather than pump it back you'll have a separate vent.

@erictaylor5462 Год назад

@@LorenPechtel It's not that. To prevent a spacecraft door opening by accident, you design the door in such a way that it is held closed by the pressure inside. They call these doors "plug doors" and in nearly all cases these doors open inward for at least part of the cycle. Look at how the doors on airlines open. In a few rare exceptions (such as large cargo doors) this isn't possible. Instead they have huge latches that *HAVE* to be engaged and remain that way for the entire flight. Years ago there was a design flaw in the cargo door of the DC-10. The door could seem locked even when it wasn't. Twice this door blew open in flight and in one case caused a scary emergency landing, and after they thought they fixed it, the door failed again, this time causing a crash. The door seen here just would not be safe in a spacecraft. Sure, you can have explosive bolts on the door, but once you do that, it's not closing again.

@box-botkids3267 2 года назад

Dr. Lewis gave excellent commentary. She balanced the science with the needs of the storytelling, which I found generous of her. She also inspired in me confidence in her expertise and credibility. Great teacher, great video. Thanks to all involved. This represents the best the internet contributes to our lives.