Spread of Metallurgy 

Very minor detail, but the natives of Greenland actually had some very basic iron metallurgy due to the Cape York meteorite which they used as a source of iron.

One of the ultimate goals in Civ. Allows you to build cannons

I had no idea that native Americans had copper metallurgy as far back as 4000 BC. very interesting.

Fun fact: Woolly mammoth was still around when the Pyramid of Gaze were being built and Bronze age had begun.

I love how when large patches connect, the spread becomes faster! This is why globalization is good for the development of technology.

Fun fact: north africa skipped the bronze age and went straight into the iron age around 1000 BC

I think that bronze metallurgy existed in pre-Columbian Central America in the Purépecha Empire during the late Postclassic period.

3:13 bronze age collapse right here

Interesting video. Might be interesting to add some additional steps lime steelmaking as well. It is also noteworthy that tech spread got ever faster.

Great, this video reminds me of the spread of agriculture. Perhaps you could make a video about it. Maybe combine it with the domestication of livestock. I see an obvious connection between metallurgy and agriculture.

And again great work. Thanks

Hello, could you make the formation of haplogroups and their theoretical expansion in the world?

There are things in history that you just have to ask “How did someone think to try this?” Grape juice turning to wine makes sense, and smoking what was previously a medicinal leaf or bud makes sense, but metallurgy is crazy. Someone saw copper ore and thought “What would happen to this special rock if so tried to melt it?”. Not only that, but someone had to had to think to mix tin to form bronze. Was it a lucky guess? A desire for beauty? Experimentation? I really wanna know.

I am very impressed. But a few notes: 1. Western Mexico had a bronze mettalurgic tradition 2. Northern Colombia/Panama had a bronze Mettalurgic tradition 3. Ecuador had a Platinum mettalurgic tradition 4. Why is copper mettalurgy not shown a solid in Mississippian civilization regions? Mississippian civilization used copper to a massive degree, for art & tools and had states & large towns (atleast 1 city), so why only lines? 5. what about the Northwestern US Copper tradition?

History began at the foot of the Kurdish (Zagros) mountains. 🦚❤☀️💚🦚 O glorious Kurdistan!, the gift of the Tigris and Euphrates

was quite surprised not to see steel metallurgy

The Vikings were technically the first civilisation to use iron metallurgy in the Americas

Copper, bronze and iron metallurgy in Eurasia both started in Anatolia and India roughly at the same time, interesting....

Love your videos from Sakartvelo, or Georgia. I wonder if you could make a video about the Caucasus region with ethnolinguistic details? Thank you!

Πολύ ωραίο βίντεο! Μία ιδέα που είδα τελευταία είναι να κάνεις βίντεο για την οικοδομική ανάπτυξη μίας πόλης, από την αρχαιότητα ως σήμερα (πχ Λονδίνο, Νέα Υόρκη, Παρίσι, Αθήνα κτλ)

It's not accurate for most of Sub Saharan Africa. It was independently developed in Western Africa then spread as far as southern/eastern Africa thanks to the Ubangian and Bantu expansion

After the 600s AD: - I believe in the iron supremacy.

Thank you Costas you are doing interesting job and have deep knowledge about it. Keep it up

Excellent video

ALTERNATIVE TITLE: How Iron conquered the world

funny how the north american great lakes nations had copper since the start

And from 2030, from a cave in the Himalayas, the spread of Mithril Metalurgy will begin

By and large a fantastic video, but most archaeologists & historians now believe that Ironworking was developed in West Africa independently of Anatolia no later than around ~1000BC, most likely in modern day Burkina Faso. We also know with high confidence that ironworking was very common along the Congo River annd East African coast between 300 BC and 1 AD, which is not portrayed here.

Maybe steel could have been its own category?

I have to say, You're definitely one the coolest youtubers out there, the videos are fascinating and so informed

Wouldn't "aluminum metallurgy" and "tungsten metallurgy" be separate advancement stages?

What programme do you use to make these videos?

Great video! You missed some early iron metallurgy in Sub-Saharan Africa, though.

I'm curious, metallurgy in North America was as old as in Eurasia, but how come it did not develop for thousands of years until the european colonization.

Hey can you make a video on altic languages please?

when balkans were the most progressive european region

If you zoom in the on the map enough, you should still see a white area around the Andaman Islands

Interesting! I was also recently into metallurgy and how it spread from the West to East and this showed how, so thanks! Btw, I didn’t know people lived in the inhospitable terrains between the Tibet and the Gobi desert before 2000-1500 BC or so... did they?

👏👏👏 wonderful video. It would help a bit if you use BC and AD in years.

Source?

Interesting how in North Amercia they were among the first to use copper but it didn't spread and didn't lead to any other metallurgical advancements

Guys it's the rare world map evolution from Costas!

Thank you very much for the video. Its very common for people to skip the Americas entirely. Good to know you did your research, mate.

So I gather the lined areas are assumed areas while the filled areas are the ones defined as certain by archaeology?

Extremely nitpicky but they found Gold in the Andean region around 2000BCE so gold should have been up there

Very nice

How do you research your videos?

Loved this! Just like all your videos. Fantastic stuff.

Nice video.

Will you do a spread of Altaic languages?

great video. I never saw anyone do this

ya quisiera ser metalero

In order for bronze metallurgy to exist,there first had to tin metallurgy. SO WHERE WAS TIN METALLURGY?

Sorry but you got Africa completely wrong. Copper tools were found in West Africa dating back to 2000 BCE and iron was in use in several places throughout West Africa as early as 800-1200 BCE including Igbo-Ukwu of Nigeria, the Niger River area, and the Nok were as early as 800 BCE as well as the Urewe Culture of the African Great Lakes just to name a few. In fact, there is evidence of iron smelting in Oboui, Central African Republic dating back to over 3000 BCE. Lejja, Nigeria has sites dated to 2000 BCE. Hell high carbon steel was being produced as far south as Tanzania as early as 0 CE. Iron tools reached the southern coast of Africa by 400 CE. I also don't see how Kongo is only partially iron age even in the 1500s! The Kongo Kingdom was already a large, advanced, well-ordered iron-age civilization when the Portuguese first contacted them in the 1400s. This video shows Europe being nearly entirely fully iron-age just as the technology is barely scratching the surface of Sub-Saharan Africa which is completely false. Also I'm pretty sure that the Siberians of the far East were still using stone tools when the Russians first invaded. Lastly in the Americas I'm not sure why you have the Innuits of Yukon country being partially iron age long before Europeans arrived. Where did you get that information from? The Vikings never made it that far and I don't think Natives adopted metallurgy from them. Then you have the Amazon rainforest as fully iron-age even though the area is sparsely populated and there are isolated tribes there that are well-known to be uncontacted so I highly doubt they have any iron tools. Sorry it just seems like some parts of the video are blatantly incorrect or rushed. It seems like the focus was almost entirely on Europe, East Asia, and the middleeast. While there is definitely more info on these parts of the world, there is plenty of info from other parts that you either overlooked or simply did not include.

The purple infestation consumed the American continent in no time.

Is there any evidence of Iron metallurgy in India as early as 14th century bce?

I can't understand why did you used that eerie music at the beginning of the video

Unfortunately the iron age timings for Africa are completely wrong. Iron working has been radiocarbon dated below the Sahara for hundreds and thousands of years earlier than in North Africa, where it was imported in the 5th-4th centuries by the Phoenicians. The idea that iron spread from North Africa through the Sahara and then to the rest of Africa is an old idea that European anthropologists took for granted, because Berbers were seen as closer to being white, but the evidence we now have shows that model was wrong. And i know this sounds like a "conspiracy theory", but if you look up the latest evidence there are dates for iron working in Africa below Sahara that actually predate the Middle East.

4999. Some bloke discovering copper around the Great Lakes region, calling his mates in the Balkans and the Near East: _Guys guys guys, did you see this?!

by end of ww1 iron age has completely ended and new process are being developed we are in middel of it. when i say end of iron age im speaking from global perspective not europe or middel east.

who was out there working copper in 5000bc north america?

Technically the Hittites invented iron, what they teach us in school about them ? Nothing .

Oooooo im gooooooooona irooooooon ooooooooo

Remember that video you made showcasing all the different language families in Europe? Perhaps one for Asia as well, with semitic, sinitic, austroasiatic, turkic, iranian, etc

Zoom in on the Sentinel Islands and watch it go from white to iron right after that ship wreck

Chinese metalworking is quite young compared to Europe and the Middle East

Iron dominates the world 😁

Iron Win.!!

You need to start citing sources, I think atleast

Interesting. The area SW from the Great Lakes is coloured since the beginning of the video. That's a mistake, isn't it? Also interesting if you would show the spread of steel and maybe even concrete, as they both define the technological progress in modern times.

Please use bright colors like neon red and hot pink and luminescent green and intense purple and electric turquoise , that really pop out instead of camouflage khaki and savanna beige etc

Enoch II "1. And Azâzêl taught men to make swords, and knives, and shields, and breastplates, and made known to them the metals and the art of working them, and bracelets, and ornaments,

I think you show southern Britain as mixed Copper + Bronze Age for too long. Cornwall has been a center of tin mining since some time between 2400-2100 BC. If they were providing much of the tin for the Bronze Age in other regions, it seems probable that they had access to bronze themselves.

*_1:28_**_ You can briefly see Kurdistan_*

Make spread of nomadism

In term of mettalurgy America was 4000 years late :/

Аратта

I want to be a metallurgist

The owner of the channel he superficial and content with very little research

Kurdistan based. Doing metallurgy before all. Turks cry in comments

I wonder if the Polynesian seafarers had anything to do with the spread of this technology to South America.

Metallurgy. A Mesopotamian Semitic invention

Nah Hellas had it way prior to this

Always SurAmerica backward, never first world

Aborigines be like: WTF is metal, mate?

Also, is the disappearance of copper in early Europe have something to do with the Cucuteni culture? en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucuteni%E2%80%93Trypillia_culture