Surface Tension in Lung Alveoli 

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Video Summary:
Surface tension is special force between water molecules on the surface. Oxygen and hydrogen atoms in water molecule are partially charged. Positive charge on the hydrogen atom of one water molecule attracts the oxygen atom with negative charge of the other water molecule. Water molecules deep in the water phase experience such attraction in all the directions so there is no net force acting on deep water molecules. However the water molecules on the surface have no other water molecule to pull them outside the water phase. So such water molecules experience net force towards the bulk water phase. As some water molecules are pulled deep in, the remaining water molecules on the surface develop tension. This is surface tension. In lung, alveoli are lined by fluid. And the remaining space in alveoli is filled with air. So there is air-fluid interface in alveoli. This interface tries to decrease it's surface area. And in doing so, they collapse alveoli. So extra pressure is required to expand the alveoli with high surface tension.
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