SYNAPSIDS: Stem-Mammals. Size comparison and data. Paleoart 

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Non-mammal synapsids are so underappreciated. Even popular taxa like Dimetrodon are largely misunderstood by the general public and are often labeled ars dinosaurs. That's why I think this kind of videos are very important in order to familiarize more people with their diversity. And ofcourse Mario does them justice with his amazing art which helps even more, because in my experience looking at a well made reconstruction of a prehistoric animal is often enough to inspire you to spend an entire day doing research about it.

Synapsida, or stem-mammals, are more closely related to mammals because of a few things. All mammals have a palate, also known as the roof of the mouth, which helps us breathe and chew at the same time. Different variations of teeth called the incisors and canines, unlike reptiles and amphibians who have a uniform type of teeth. And finally, the a singular hole behind each side of our eye sockets in the skull where the temple resides.

2:16 dimetrod-off 2:37 dimetrod-on

Lisowicia was arguably the closest thing we have to giant mammal living in the age of dinosaurs

I like how you added Unusual & Interesting Stem-Mammals such as Sumina, Oligokyphus, Choerosaurus, Teteraceratops, and Tiarajudens

I nerded out so much at seeing that Mario Lanzas had reconstructions of Tiarajudens, Suminia, and Gorgonops!

Synapsids are such an underrated group, I also really like how you updated some of the synapsids that were shown in some of your previous videos. Good work.

1:36 It was at this point that I realized that the guy used for reference wasn't gonna be Bully Maguire.

Man Mario you truly found some crazy looking Synapsids. Then again I should not be surprised considering how big that group is. Also have to love the redesigns for Lystrosaurus and Lisowicia that look better than the Triassic video a year or so ago. Time for a nice little Gorgonopsid roar. Well done!

Wow, awesome video, Synapsida is great group.

Every creature in this video looked so realistic that I felt one of them could easily attack the screen and roar 😂

I love the game boy sprite type pixel drawings in the intro!!!

The Ischigualastia looks like an armored alien, I like it and the Diictodon looks cute

That's thumbnail tho,I love it

One of your best size charts about one of my favorite groups of animals, and I'm so happy that among these synapsids I saw some of them that have little to no paleoart such as Choerosaurus, Oligokyphus and especially Jonkeria (a really underrated synapsid in my opinion)

Synapsids - my favourite ancestors!

A really weird and unique era I was waiting for you to upload anything love your art

1:19 - Tiarajudens : Real Saber - -Tooth Synapsid

Most of permian species are look much more like alien, permian is such a great era full of weird creature, underrated asf

I love cotylorhynchus so much 🖤

Another great size comparison from our favorite paleoartist!

Ah finally, this video has been published. The synapsid video was a popular demand for almost a year. Glad to see that Mario has put so much effort for it.

I like how our ancestors looked like.Also it shows the effort you put for us all.Also the diictodon was cute!

Interesante video para descubrir sobre algunas especies de algunos de nuestros antepasados ¡Un excelente trabajo!

Yes finally the one I’ve been waiting for and I love the design of the Ischigualastia. Anyways will you still do my hybrids at some point.

Genial 😃👌🏻.... justamente estaba viendo tus videos

Paleozoic animals genuinely looked how people often draw alien species. It's so weird to think how the planet could've ended up with things just like this to this day, but didn't.

Dimetrodon y Lystrosaurus en Jurassic world dominion. Saludos desde México.

Awesome art! Synapsids are truely amazing group

Now this was really great and I absolutely love it

Very, very good! 😁

Amazing video Mario! The Ischigualastia looks really cool! Also new Lisowicia Looks Fantastic!

Eu gosto muito dos synapsids eu acho eles muito bonitos.

Synapsid is a term who can be applied as for these creatures as on all mamals the Evolution itself has know, included us ! Same for the Therapsid term (who is include in the Synapsida order). But, it's true that is a term in general more use, by us the public but even by the scientist, for all the creatures outside the mammalia order ! But, for more precision and to avoid some mistakes or confusions, it is preferable to use the terms of "Stem-mammals" (like here in the title video), "Pre-Mammals", "Proto-Mammals", or, more often used "Mammalian Reptiles". Mammalian Reptiles is a term considered a little misleading and outdated, especially in the current Classical Systematic, but in reality alway as valid than ever, since all these creatures were and are reptiles but from another lineage than the one who regroup all the others reptiles. When reptiles appears from amphibians (and more precisely from the reptilomorphs tetrapods ampibians), two different lineage of reptiles become separate : the Synapsid (all the creatures, orders, groups and famillies mention in this videos and the modern mammals) and the Sauropsids/Reptilia (who contain the Parareptilia "reptiles" group, named "next to the reptiles", and include only the Anapsid with the Pareiasauridae mainly with some very mior families like (maybe since some recent reseach) the family of the Mesosaurus; and the Eureptilia reptiles group, named "true reptile", with mainly the Diapsida and include all the others reptiles that, in general, came to our mid when we heard this word : the Archosauria/Archosauromorpha with Crocodiles, Dinosaurs/Birds and Pterosaurs, and the Lepidosauria/Lepidosauromorpha who include the Rhynchocephalia (Sphenodon/Tuatara's order) and all the Squamata reptiles with lizards, snakes, monitor lizards, turtles/tortoises, etc...) ! Like with birds who evolved and descend from the dinosaurs (more precisely the Coelurosaurian ones with T-rex, Raptors, Oviraptors and dino-birds like Microraptor and directly from the Avialae clade with the Archeopteryx like most famous representative), and are themselves true dinosaurs, their only current representatives today, techniquely, following this and even veridic logic, all the mammals today and ourselves, humans, are reptiles too ! Because, by this crazy but true fact, our ancestors were reptiles who evolve to get all the mammalian caracteristics we have today (fur, sensitive organ, ears, the breasts/udders with milk, etc...), it's important to give some tribute like this one ! They dominated all the Permian era (who was their Golden Age, we can call him the "Synapsid/Therapsid/Mammalian Reptiles Era" or the "Age of Synapsid/Therapsid/Mammalian Reptiles") and a little the Triassic era but not as the dominant clade (that was the Archosauria one but almost only the Crocodiles with all their diverses terrestrials extincts representatives, the dinos being second place creatures, and we can call this era the "Croodiles Era" or the "Age of Crocodiles"), and become completely extinct at or before the beginning of the Jurassic period, where their only representatives was the true mammals. But the True Mammals not inclue only the "Modern Mammals" (Therian who inclue the Eutherian with the Placentals and the Metatherian with the Marsupials) and the Monotreme, but a lot of others diverses groups of others mammals with similars reproduction methods like the threes previous (either like placentals, marsupials or monotrme whitout being themselves members of one of these three groups) like the rodent like Multituberculates !

Nice, I was just thinking about synapsids. You did a very good job.

Spectacular job with designing these ancient creatures as usual! I've always been fascinated by Synapsids and they deserve much more recognition than they have..There's so much more history and background to our planet than most people realize, in fact these animals are as old to the dinosaurs as dinosaurs are to us! And the fact that we as a species are capable of studying, perceiving and recovering data from relics that date so far back is honestly astounding.

Synapsids look bizarre and wierd

Keep the good work !

The skull and skull-shape of the largest Anteosaurus's together with the estimated bite force it had has approached that of the smaller Trex's skulls and bite. Both had enormous boxy heads, with forward facing eyes and binocular vision. Anteosaurus was the largest (obligatory) predator of the permian. Jonkeria was supposed to be an omnivore, it had weaker bite however it had enormous shoulders and arms to pin down just about anything.

suminia, if the great dying didnt happend, we might have see ape like, or even hominide like synapsids, though nit necesarriyl humans or ape like inteligence

This is amazing 😍 wonderful 💜🇫🇮

Sería interesante un video de Euchondrocephali: quimeras, helicoprion, parahelicoprion, edestus, fadenia, belantsea y muchos peces cartilaginosos bizarros más!

I can’t really ask for anything Just upload what you want to do All of these videos are amazing and you deserve way more subs than this. Just thank you.

Loved that and loved the music.

Por fin el vídeo que más deseaba! Nuestros milenarios antepasados los sinapsidos no mamiferoides. Te quedaron hermosos los dibujos y la música también acompaña increíblemente el vídeo. Muchas gracias! 💖

I really like the Inostrancevia design. It kinda resembles a cross between a dog and a bear. Nice work 👍🏽!

Well, now you know who to invite to the family reunion.

Please do the ice age and not all of the Cenozoic just the Pleistocene aka the ice age

Quite interesting how saber teeth are a constant feature in the evolutionary history of Synapsids ! From Biarmosuchia ( basal Therapsids ) to Machairodontinae/Thylacosmilidae ( Mammals True )

Jonkeria es lo más parecido a cuando dibujaba un caballo de pequeño

Mario please make the art of theses guys? Erectopus superbus, a allosauroid species Camarillasaurus cirugedae, a spinosaurid species Kaijiangosaurus lini, a tetanurid species Gasosaurus constructus, a tetanurid species Elaltitan lilloi, a saltasaurid species Shingopana songwensis, a lithostrotian species Heilongjiangosaurus jiayinensis, a hadrosaurid species Taveirosaurus costai, a possably nodosaurid species Siamotyrannus isanensis, a metriacanthosaurid species Condorraptor currumili, a piatnitzkysaurid species And Nemegtosaurus mongoliensis, Nemegtosaurus Pachi, a possably saltasaurid species

Love it. Especially because you showed some I have never heard of, so now I can go learn something new. Keep up the good work

This video is one of my new favourite! I am sure, you could make an impressive one with the very diverse order of Proboscidea.

Now we talking...

I like it very much especially with the horsetails in the background ... could you please make a video showing évolutions of plants ... i know people might not like this but i think plant fossils are more important than animals as it is the base of the whole food chain and can tell a lot about the climate

i want a pet diictodon

Definitely an awesome group of animals!

0:31 oligokyphus looks so cute, I wish they were never extinct, they look kinda cool.

In alternate universe, these animals would have been popularized more than dinosaurs and would populate our millennial childhood dreams.

lisowicia is an absoulut unit

I appreciate how they appear in 10 second intervals, making it easy to scroll through them

Awesome video! Your art and size comparisons really brings the animals to life. Just a note, it isn't possible to read all the text you've put on the screen at 4:06 because the cards linking to other videos are covering it, even if I turn annotations off.

Lisowicia is IMENSE! The “Real” size of elephant!

Very nice video!

Your paleo arts are so accurate I love it ❤

temnospondlys and other interesting aphibians and such next???

These videos are absolutely spectacular! The art is just so amazing! I just subscribed!

devonian era request

I love these videos, there is something so nostalgic about them, as they remind me of early paleo RU-vid. Keep up the great work I look forward to the next ones 😁

So proto mammals technically?

Loved the pictures, and the music

I love Synapsids

Buenas tardes Mario Lanzas,crei que nunca mas voy a ver sus videos!!!!!Por fin tegresaste y con el material scientifico que mas me interesa:el Permico y los Synapsidos de tras!!!Es el periodo geologico que me da mucha tranquilidad en el corazon,sigue asi y muchas gracias vesselâm!!!

Este video fue muy interesante conocí a muchos nuevos Sinapsidos, ya que casi siempre son puestos en segundo o tercer plano. 👏

Ого, круто

awesome video

Hell yeah we got moshops the chonk

Am I the only one who loves cladograms (like the one at the start of the video)? Something about seeing them just makes me so happy, even if I would already know the evolutionary relationships without one. Maybe that's just my compulsive need for things to be nicely organized lol. Oh yeah, and stunning artwork as always from Mario Lanzas!

Lisowicia is THICC.

Love the backround music. And great art as always.

Is Lisowicia the biggest land animal that isn't a dinosaur or a mammal? Anyways, as always, these illustrations are incredible and no doubt some of the best around in paleoart.

Lisowicia. 😎

Wheres purlovia maxima?

Stunning- thanks!

I love dinos, including the modern ones, especially psittacine, but our own ancestors are also fascinating. We synapsids are some weird critters.

Interesante

3:45 najlepszy

Why do people keeping calling the Dimetrodon a dinosaur? Even as a kid, I learned that the Dimetrodon wasn’t a dinosaur or a reptile, but a mammal/synapsid.

Permian life were probably the most bizarre life forms of all time

Love!

Wait wtf? I thought this was another channel that got everything wrong. Cool this looks interesting

NO WAY

Some of these would make great pets, i want one

Thank you! Your depiction of the final specimen had me consider the idea of how nature loves to repeat its designs. If I could time travel, might an aerial view cause me to mistake a moving cluster of giant Lisowicia for a herd of lumbering elephants?

Bro it's so hard to believe they are mammals they just look like reptiles to me

why are the dimetrodon highlighted at the tree?

possible error in length of Lystrosaurus, 0.5-2.5cm ? @Video time slot 1:25

0:52 realism level straight from WWM

How different synapsids look like. Caseasauria: Lizards that ate too much big macs Varanopidae: Upright monitor lizards Opiacontidae: Big jawed lizards Elahdphosauridae: Sailed overweight lizards Sephenacodontidae: eladphosaurs but cooler Biarmosuchia: A rather reptilian cross between a Lizard + dog Dinocephaila: rip-off mammalian dinos Anomodontia: A cross between a bird, hippo, and a plant-eating dinosaur Gorgonopsia: The cross between a sabre-toothed cat and a lizard Cynodontia: BASICALLY MAMMALS Mammals: furry animals