The Black Hundreds in Russia and the Pogroms of 1905 

Check out the playlist of REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-KZ-7CKeBMhk.html

I learned a lot from this!

I can't understand why there are not many more subscribers to this channel. Short, succinct, yet informative videos on interesting points in history. What could be better?

I suspect most when learning about the Russian Revolution are unaware of this particular element of it. Thanks for teaching we subscribers about it!

I think that should give further explanation. The term Black Hundred has a very ancient history. The Black Hundred is a form of the administrative-territorial division of the Russian medieval city. It was a district, a community, a workshop, inhabited by merchants and artisans of not noble origin, led by an elected head / centurion. In Medieval Russia, the population was divided into 3 categories. The first category: the White estate, consisted of feudal lords, aristocrats, the church and the military class. The second category was called the Black estate. It consisted of urban traders, artisans + free peasantry, which is sometimes singled out as a separate category. The third dependent estate serfs and servants. Thus, the zones inhabited by these estates were called White / Black lands and hundreds and had various duties and privileges. In the modern sense, the Black Estate represented ordinary citizens. The Black estate played the most significant role in Russian history at the beginning of the 17th century during the Time of Troubles. At the most critical moment, when the power of the Poles recognized even a part of the highest Russian aristocracy, the Black estate acted as the main organizer and financier of the Landmilitia, which drove out the Poles by defeating the rebellious lords, clearing the country of numerous bandits and restoring statehood. Created at the beginning of the 20th century during the struggle against the Revolution, the Black Hundreds movement declared itself the heirs and followers of the ancient Black Hundreds. They believed that they had to save the Fatherland from death for the second time and now they will rise up against the left-wing radicals and their supporters. However, in reality, they managed to do a lot of bad things, and you talked about this in the video.

A GREAT lecture. Are going to do more? Many thanks, Professor.

I am a descendent of Eastern European Jews, and therefore this topic is very close to my heart. Thank you for this wonderful presentation.

Having a jewish wife with some heritage in eastern Europe, this was interesting. Knew about the pogroms, never knew the powers behind it.

This is a great channel! I knew about the 1905 pogroms, but never about these factions nor in depth coverage of it, even at the undergrad level!

Nice feed my brain and my belly for lunch!! Another great production!!

In the case of Białystok the local police chief Derkacz was not only against the anti-semitic violence but even said that a pogrom in the city will occur "over his dead body". He was promptly assassinated and terrorist attacks on both Catholic and Orthodox processions were staged to provide the excuse for the pogrom.

Great video, I wasn't aware of this. Never too old to learn.

Happy 2021 Stef

You're getting better and better!

Hello hustle i was wondering if you have made a video or would consider a video about the Holodomor? Love the Hustle!!

Hi, great lectures, I love them. Would you be so kind and add the CC? Thank you :)

Great video! I'm glad to have found this channel!

Your maps are always interesting to look at 🧐👍🏻

Amazing, this is crazy. Thank you for the information man.

Thought I was one of the few that studied the Black Hundreds

Very informative, never heard of this group or know much about the period so a good introduction. Thanks.

i have a question, i know that you have make a movie about the Dutch during ww2. But is "Mei 1940" public? dank u wel

As a Former member of a Para-Military organization i can tell you the downfall of every Para-Military organizations is a lack of a Unified command structure

I found the term "pogrom" while looking for information on Jewish life in Europe before World War 1 and that's what led me here.

Once again a great Video

Interesting, never knew anything about this before

Hello, I'm from Russia, and you shot a very good video about the pogroms in the Russian Empire. It should be noted that in the Russian Empire the population grew very much, on average there were 7-8 children in each family, but with huge financial inequality and the lowest standard of living in Europe at that time, as far as I read, the average worker in the neighboring German Empire received 5 times more salary than a worker from The Russian Empire. Therefore, the tsarist regime tried through its special service to switch the hatred of the population of the Russian Empire from class to national, Orthodox priests and newspapers specifically spread rumors that Jews were stealing Christian children to use them for ritual murders. In fact, most of the so-called Black Hundreds were motivated not by any ideology, but by a desire to plunder, and Orthodoxy served as a cover for banal robbery. Thanks for the video.

Great video. This is the reason why so many Jews left Russia for America.

Cool episode again!

Another informative vid.Thank-you

Thank you for the insight, my ancestors came to America fleeing the pogrom attacks. I think some of the later ones though I dont know exactly when they arrived

Excellent content and delivery. BZ

A great video, really good work.

Thank you for that. I new very little about this. Keep it up please . Fascinating

Hey could you co a video on the Warsaw Uprising?

as a Russian sorry to see this, didn't know about it. Real Christian would never attack innocent civilians and fellow humans. They are bunch of losers blaming everyone for their own failures.

One of the most important parts isn’t necessarily the casualties, but rather how many Jews were uprooted by pogroms. Many Jews who had already been forced into the Pale of Settlement had literally no where else to go, and so they often left to America, which left a permanent mark on Ukrainian and Russian Jewish culture.

And who perpetrated the 1887 1888 progroms? Are you interested in making a video on Menachim Bialik?

You know they weren’t wrong about the small hats they’re doing the same thing in the United States now history truly does repeat itself

Autocracy, Orthodoxy, Nationality - sounds like the philosophy behind the attack on Ukraine.

Ah, Russian politics. So many parties...

Hello from Kishinev ! Unfortunately,after the pogrom our 700 year old jewish diaspora left,a minority still remained but they were butchered by both germans and radiant in ww2 and they decided to leave for real in 1960's

You explained it great, amazing Video.

Was there any synthesis between socialism and monarchism in Russia before the Mladorossi?

My grandmother's family decided to pack up and leave Russia (Poland) after 1905.

The problem I have is with the label of left and right wing. It's the same bird. They both coordinate the bird to move forward, fly or land. To me this is a story about serfdom. Doesn't matter which would lead to more freedom because that doesn't seem to be the goal. If the left controls the bird (government) more then they will put on a red (Communist) uniform. If he right wing (monarchist) controls the bird, nothing much changes. Wouldn't matter what color the uniform is because everyone is following the bird. With the Communists you have just a change of power people. Seems the Black Hundred saw that it was Jewish people pushing for the change of power and they thought force was necessary to protect royal power. Seems once they lost they still tried to regain power or were treated similar to the way they were treating Jewish people. Seems easy to figure out what happened next. I was drawn here doing research on Zionism and there seemed to be a picture of the map with homeland for the Jews or something.

Were Poland other countries such as the Baltic States part of Russian when the pogroms occured?

This happend only 2 years after the big pogrom of Chisnau in 1903 (then part of Russia), which was not directly related to 1905 but also showed the tsars policy of ignorance over the violence, and sometimes actively supporting the violators. In addition to pogroms there was also constant poverty, unfair conscription laws and more sanctions (Jews were not allowed into universities, for example). All in all a terrible time for Jews in eastern Europe.

Very well done. Should answer the question many people have, inquiring why so many Russian Jews went on to become prominent early Bolsheviks. They were seen by many as a counterbalance to the Russian far-right groups, like the Black Hundreds.

So protocols of the elders of Zion wasn’t what set the fire?

Excellent as always. Thank You

A little zzip of vodka made this vid even more intresting, komrad :-) Thanks once again !

Excellent lecture Professor 🔆👍👍👍

Great video. There's surprisingly little info about anti-semitism in Russia. According to Benjamin Freedman who was present at the Versailles treaty signing, he said that American Jewry hated Tsarist Russia because of their open anti-semitism and actually supported Germany in WW1, since many German Jews had migrated to the US in the 1880's. But when powerful Jews from the UK promised their American counterparts that the possibility of Palestine returning to Judea was on the table after the Ottomans were defeated, if America could be dragged into WW1, American Jews seemed to turn against Germany, and then Germany became the new boogie man. I don't know how true this is, but it's an interesting take on what was going on behind the scenes in WW1. It might also explain the very hard feelings many Germans had towards Jews in the Weimar republic who felt betrayed.

TROTSKY ON THE POGROMS, BOIK 1905, "The Soviet brought the strike to an end during those terrible black days when the cries of slaughtered infants, the frenzied curses of mothers, the dying gasps of old people, and savage howls of despair rose to the heavens from every corner of the country. A hundred of Russia’s towns and townlets were transformed into hells. A veil of smoke was drawn across the sun. Fires devoured entire streets with their houses and inhabitants. This was the old order’s revenge for its humiliation. It recruited its fighting battalions everywhere, from every alley, every slum. Here was the petty shopkeeper and the beggar, the publican and his perennial clients, the janitor and the police spy, the professional thief and the amateur housebreaker, the small artisan and the brothel doorkeeper, the hungry, dumb muzhik and yesterday’s villager deafened by the roar of the machine. Embittered poverty, hopeless ignorance, and debauched corruption placed themselves under the orders of privileged self-interest and ruling-class anarchy. These people had acquired their first experience of mass street actions during the so-called “patriotic” demonstrations at the beginning of the Russo-Japanese war. It was then that their basic props came to be known: the Tsar’s portrait, a bottle of vodka, a tricolor flag. Since that time, the planned organization of society’s rejects had been developed on a colossal scale. Whereas the mass of the pogromists (if “mass” is the right word) remained more or less haphazard, the nucleus was always disciplined and organized in paramilitary style, receiving its slogans and its watchwords from above and deciding the time and scope of every murderous operation. Komissarov, an official of the police department, said: “It is possible to arrange any kind of pogrom, involving 10 people if you like, or 10,000 if you like.”* Everyone knows about a coming pogrom in advance. Pogrom proclamations are distributed, bloodthirsty articles come out in the official Provincial Gazettes, sometimes a special newspaper begins to appear. The town governor of Odessa issues a provocational proclamation in his own name. When the ground has been prepared, a visiting company of “specialists” appears. They spread sinister rumors among the ignorant masses: the Jews are planning an attack on the Russians, some socialists have defiled a holy icon, some students have torn up the Tsar’s portrait. Where there is no university, the rumor is made to fit the liberal rural council or even the high school. The wildest news travels along the telegraph wires, sometimes bearing an official stamp. Meanwhile the preparatory technical work is accomplished: lists are drawn up of people, houses are singled out for special attention, a general strategic plan is drawn up, on an appointed date the hungry mob is called from the suburbs. On that date a special service is held in the cathedral. The bishop makes a solemn oration. A patriotic procession starts out, with the clergy in the front, with a portrait of the Tsar taken from police headquarters, with many national flags. A military band plays without cease. At the sides and at the rear of the procession march the police. The governor salutes, the police chief publicly embraces the leading members of the Black Hundreds. Churches along the way of the procession ring their bells. “Hats off!” Visiting “instructors” and local policemen in civilian clothes, though frequently still wearing their uniform trousers which they have not had time to change, are scattered among the crowd. They keep a watchful eye on the proceedings, excite the crowd and urge it on, giving the impression that everything is allowed, and all the time looking for a pretext for open action. To start with a few windows are smashed, a few passers-by beaten up; the wreckers enter every tavern on their way and drink, drink, drink. The band never stops playing “God Save the Tsar,” that hymn of the pogroms." SORRY, long quote but thought worth sharing

A lot of people don't know about this.

A sad start of another great serie of the hustle.

Vodka and weapons. What a combination

Stefan, something happened to my text in my previous respond. I cut and pasted into blog and had it truncated... Anyway, here is the rest of it.

Great video

I am a jewish person, thank you for covering jewish history in your videos

very good video!!! i guess it was very dangerous to be a jew in 19th and 20th century

Damn. Jewish people can't catch a break. I personally know a few jewish people from work and they don't fit any of the stereotypes.

I would of been probably in one of these right wing parties. As I love Russia more than anything else. But what they did to the Jewish people. 😧😡🤬 Interesting video btw.

Sad 😞

No mention of the area within Russia this black hundreds ate from.. as most political movements have homes

Why do they always blame Jewish people?

And for no reason whatsoever..

109 countries

As Trump says: nice people

This is great I understand this topic much better about who the black hundreds were and why Lenin wrote about them and today's black hundreds are MAGA and other fascist reactionaries like Boogaloo and Proud Boys

So pogroms were common and murderous in southern Ukraine? Odessa etc.....

They sound pretty based to me :) 0/

niceee

more like based hundreds

It's history lessons like this thst gets me questioning whether or not i should feel sorry for what happened to Nicolas, his family & supporters of his who had to deal with Lenin & the bolsheviks🤔

Russia's loss Britain's gain. The Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe have made a huge contribution to the British culture, economy and politics.