The Bronze Age Collapse - The Wheel and the Rod - Extra History - Part 2

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📜 History of the Bronze Age Collapse, Part 2
Bronze Age societies built intricate networks of trade, advanced military infrastructure, and hugely organized central governments. But when crucial parts of those systems began to disappear, the societies built on them began to crumble.
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Miss an episode in our Bronze Age Collapse Series?
Part 1 - • The Bronze Age Collaps...
Part 2 - • The Bronze Age Collaps...
Part 3 - • The Bronze Age Collaps...
Part 4 - • The Bronze Age Collaps...
Series Wrap-up & Recommended Reading / Lies Episode - • The Bronze Age Collaps...
♪ "Collapse" by Sean and Dean Kiner - • ♫ "Collapse" by Sean a... - Available on Patreon!
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Artist: David Hueso I Writer: James Portnow I Voice: Daniel Floyd I Editor: Carrie Floyd I ♪ Extra History Theme by Demetori: bit.ly/1EQA5N7
#ExtraHistory #History #BronzeAge

Опубликовано:

30 июн 2017

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Комментарии : 1,6 тыс.

@extrahistory 7 лет назад

After the Bronze Age collapse, we would not see societies so advanced for another half a millenium. What happened?

@danemcneil1548 7 лет назад

Extra Credits the fire nation

@ryanryanryansmith 7 лет назад

SEA PEOPLES

@namingisdifficult408 7 лет назад

Dane McNeil indeed

@moreDLCdaddy 7 лет назад

finally someone who presents this era easy to undestand

@Pedrosa2541 7 лет назад

+Extra Credits Why Indus Valley Civilization is not listed between the collapsed civlizations?

@secretplatypusperry 7 лет назад

Challenge: Take a shot whenever he says "But what happens when..."

@randallfernandall6534 4 года назад

Perry Platypus just tried doing this with a dab and I almost greened out.

@Jawad7178 4 года назад

But what happens when we pass put from the drinking

@harmonyferreira6183 2 года назад

No please I wanna live!

@ProdigyofEpistemology 2 года назад

I wonder *what happens when* you do that.

@davidtownsend6092 2 года назад

When I die you'll be a murderer

@deathdoor 7 лет назад

The feel when you are Ramesses II and your neighborhood friends one by one stop writing to and responding letters for from you...

@fristi61 7 лет назад

The feel when you are Ramesses III and you finally get to meet the guys that killed your neighborhood friends. "As for those who reached my frontier, their seed is not, their heart and their soul are finished forever and ever. As for those who came forward together on the seas, the full flame was in front of them at the Nile mouths, while a stockade of lances surrounded them on the shore, prostrated on the beach, slain, and made into heaps from head to tail."

@deathdoor 7 лет назад

Must feel good being Ramesses II then.

@osagen95 7 лет назад

They are surely going out without you !

@squamish4244 7 лет назад

Ramesses III and the terrible, horrible, no good, very bad day.

@duelgundam 5 лет назад

Wait over 3-4000 years, and laugh haughtily with the king of heroes.

@johnduale430 7 лет назад

I've got a horrible feeling that in 4000 years historians will be debating the great oil age collapse...

@germen343 6 лет назад

John Dualé Horrible? Accelerate the collapse.

@animeandstuff5377 5 лет назад

would be funny and how cares we need a more realeable eco friendly fuel source and the countries in power now just robbed oil so uk if they lose their power iz cool tho i live in a developed country myself haha

@jakerelind5577 5 лет назад

@@animeandstuff5377 I hope English is not your first language.

@MrGeocidal 5 лет назад

While oil running out would be devastating, something disrupted our electricity, plumbing and/or communication infrastructure would be even worse.

@batenkait0s657 5 лет назад

@@jakerelind5577 so do I

@Noelwiz 7 лет назад

“The Wheel of Time turns, and Ages come and pass, leaving memories that become legend. Legend fades to myth, and even myth is long forgotten when the Age that gave it birth comes again.” - Robert Jordan, The Wheel of Time series

@Diadin22 6 лет назад

noelwiz peter That's exactly what I was saying during the intro lol

@ryantoth9887 6 лет назад

noelwiz peter Dovie'andi se tovya sagain

@majormax13 6 лет назад

The Wheel weaves as the Wheel wills!

@titobruckner5628 5 лет назад

Great Jordan homage; love it. (I would suggest hinting somewhere somehow that it was intentional so not to have it construed by some [see below] as plagiarism.) That said, though, I really love it.

@nopenope5626 5 лет назад

I hate you so much its unreal, and you made me lose my hard-on. You'll pay for that. -Tankmen.

@Charmyte 7 лет назад

3:09 "And then what happens if you need to defend yourself?" H I R E A S A M U R A I

@merrittanimation7721 7 лет назад

Then everyone will hire samurais!

@tyjuji 7 лет назад

Thank God, there are actually people that understand double spacing between sentences when writing like that.

@TheExperiment88 7 лет назад

lukenpaul only rich people hired samurais. Poor people who could not afford samurais did not hire samurais.

@asadashinon6355 7 лет назад

Everyone was hiring samurai! Correction: Rich important people hired samurai. Poor people who could not afford to hire samurai did not hire samurai.

@thingonometry-1460 7 лет назад

lukenpaul Gold. Pure gold 👌

@repomandan07 7 лет назад

Amazing videos. Im a 46 year old man who loves this style of videos. My younger kids love them too. Honestly Ive learned more about history than when I was in high school. From these I go and research more about your subject. Please continue to make these videos. Again amazing +1

@HxH2011DRA 7 лет назад

Dan Nickerson AWWWWWW this is great!

@tuffylaw 7 лет назад

Dan Nickerson You should check out Hardcore History. it's a great podcast with very long, but really interesting episodes. He doesn't update that often, but it's so worth it.

@Jamie-kg8ig 7 лет назад

Plus a lot of them are free.

@warman13x 7 лет назад

Dan Nickerson I love that you share these videos with your children. If I'm ever fortunate enough to have kids some day, then I hope that I'll be able to show them these videos as well.

@itstriplem2069 7 лет назад

Dan Nickerson try watching crash course. Its an awesome channel with subjects like math, science, history, biology, and more.

@KaiserAfini 7 лет назад

In essence, its the same idea as in engineering: The more moving pieces you have, the easier it is for the mechanism to stop working correctly or break. They seemed to have a lot of sophisticated systems, but no contingencies that could be quiclky enacted in case of emergencies. But in all fairness, that is a big challenge even with modern logistics and scientific knowledge.

@lelandunruh7896 6 лет назад

KaiserAfini There's a huge difference that isn't often appreciated--centrally-planned outfits are virtually always less dynamic and more given to catastrophic failure than free exchange of goods and services. A centralized economy is indeed one giant machine which can break if any given component wears down. A decentralized economy is a series of machines wherein any one wearing down is not a problem for the greater system--a new machine will take it's place as quickly as possible, because that is how money is made. Oddly, even people today often dont get this simple idea.

@syedsufiyan4330 6 лет назад

Just what I was thinking ...most of the reasons for collapse would sound true if people were discussing the reason of the fall of the age we are living in right now...for example people are using satellite data to plant crops, to harvest fish what happens when that stops..what if the digital records that we keep of our data get corrupted causing the whole data and information-based economy to collapse.....that is a bit scary...

@ericspencer8093 6 лет назад

Remove a single component from modern civilization: Oil, and it all collapses.

@notaraven 5 лет назад

KaiserAfini I agree with your assesment but I feel like there is a sort of "vital lines" that, if they were to lose, would lead to the colapse. the 2 main courses is farming and the bronze trade. Organization, governmental power, armies, writing, everything else assists in these two lines and can act as "safe guards" but if need be could be weakened or done away with. The problem came when the majority of the countries were hitting an agricultural collapse do to thier farming practices causeing wars to move from dick measuring competitions to desperation to keep thier people fed. The destruction of the trade of bronze caused by said wars and the increasingly scarce tin production from over mining. All lead to everything else falling apart because the country could not feed or protect thier people as they use to.

@notaraven 5 лет назад

@@ericspencer8093 I would say that it is not "as" bad as that. a variety of technology and options are within our grasp and is slowly lessening oils grasp. Solar, Wind, hydrolics and other techs are slowly getting better, not there yet though, and nuclear is a strong substitute for most of oils power production we would just need time to construct plants. If oils dissappears tomorrow we would all be all be for the most part screwed but if its gradually over the couse of 20-30 years the innovations and forsight would make it bearable though this would also spell doom for the oil producing nations

@obscurity6558 7 лет назад

The ability for an entire Age of History to collapse with just a few missteps in trade seems like an unbelievable outcome. After all, they had already advanced far enough to get rid of their sad, lumpy metal.

@LaZodiac 7 лет назад

For want of a nail, my friend.

@rjfaber1991 7 лет назад

On the whole, the trend throughout history has been one of increases. Increases in population, increases in living standards, increases in technological capablities, increases in knowledge, etc. However, this isn't a smooth, stable trend on a more zoomed-in level, where you see civilisations and societies advancing drastically, overstretching themselves, and falling back down again. Even though the Classical Age was better than the Ancient Age in almost every regard, the Middle Ages were better than the Classical Age, and the Modern Age is better than the Middle Ages, it is worth noting that for all the advancements taking place within those ages, they also all came to rather abrupt and catastrophic ends.

@matthewhemmings2464 7 лет назад

Funny you say that, because there is very limited resources of Iron in these regions. The middle east and northern Africa is fairly mineral poor, plus as the video suggests, there is a complex quantity of reasons that pushed the end of this period. The ability for this entire age to collapse comes from the fact it was too big to fail. Population had boomed far beyond the natural capacity any region could support without a strong centralized power, and cities were too massive to continue running. Imagine a big city back then, with priests, scholars, artisans, merchants and nobles. If the trade network collapses, merchants loose their status, stop paying taxes to Nobles, which stop buying from the artisans, which in turn stop paying dime to priest, which stop paying scholars for their work. The entire civil society collapses, the city is unable to maintain its infrastructure, people leave the city, and the city is abandoned. Now, imagine numerous problems affecting the entire region, with every institution failing like dominos. There you have it: civilization collapse.

@mariusdire 7 лет назад

Obscure History The more complex and finely tuned a machine gets, the smaller the piece of grit needed to bring it to a grinding halt. For example say there was a blight on the flax crop one year, lower yield of flax means a lower production of linen. That reduction in linen available means there's less available for trade, and if it's traded for the raw materials of bronze that means less bronze, thus less weapons and tools. If there's regional conflict you may prioritise weapons over tools, so farmers are using either substandard tools, broken tools or bare hands, leading to lower yields of more crops. Add that to depleting yields as mentioned in the video and suddenly things are a lot more shaky. People start becoming hungry and don't follow the command economy plan as they can't see the importance of growing flax if they're not getting bread. So again you can't trade enough goods to get enough of the materials for bronze you need. Eventually it spirals out of control.

@Treviisolion 7 лет назад

If you're referring to Iron, pure iron is actually weaker than bronze. Since iron also has a higher melting point that also meant that it took millennium for people to figure out how to forge iron in the same way that bronze often was (which was melting it and putting it into a cast), to create cast iron. In the meantime they had to figure out how to beat a brick of semi-malleable material into the shapes you need. The first methods of refining the iron ore removed nearly all trace elements and was a labor-intensive project, involving hitting a hot iron ore, just barely hot enough to start melting away the impurities, with hammers over and over again to break it apart and let the slag melt away. It took a couple centuries afterwards to figure out how to increase the strength of that iron through various forging methods, and decrease the labor needed to refine iron ore by creating new furnaces that could melt the entirety of it to allow separation. It's likely that one of the reasons why the world started moving to iron was the bronze age collapse making it nearly impossible to make bronze since iron was relatively easier to get as you only needed one source and it is more common usually than other metals.

@zuthalsoraniz6764 7 лет назад

This all is... kind of frightening, because modern societies are even more entangled and interdependent than the late bronze age societies. Sure, we nowadays have ways to predict and counteract various disasters that might collapse civilisation - but it is also extremely dependent on things like electricity and telecommunications networks.

@NeoShameMan 7 лет назад

Zuthal Soraniz well time for you to see the document hypernormalization and look at tech leader building bunker and connect the dots

@superduperisaac 7 лет назад

Zuthal Soraniz I know right? It's all one big complicated web, it's all connected, even if its not obvious at first.

@basilofgoodwishes4138 7 лет назад

no need to fear, we have far more ressources and a far more stable system than the bronze age civilization

@Luthies 7 лет назад

@The Rising Theurge. This might be true, but oil is still a resource that could bring it all crumbling down. Currently much of worlds transportation and trade relies on oil. Unless we can transition away from that to alternative sources then world will face massive upheaval within the next hundred years once oil reserves start to run out.

@basilofgoodwishes4138 7 лет назад

Luthies Oil will be replaced by other resources, gas and many other resources will be offered as Alternative.

@cyan4845 7 лет назад

The Wheel of Time turns, and Ages come and pass. What was, what will be, and what is, may yet fall under the Shadow... of that little shit Walpole

@rainmaker9300 7 лет назад

Walpole is the Dark One? I knew it!

@robertwalpole360 7 лет назад

You'll never get me! Woop, woop, woop, woop!

@rainmaker9300 7 лет назад

Justinian I guess

@TheAwakeOrangutang 7 лет назад

The fall of the Bronze was not the beginning. But it is A beginning.

@merrittanimation7721 7 лет назад

I should really continue reading that series

@cheezemonkeyeater 2 года назад

"A scribe is a knight of letters." If I ever manage to successfully get something published, I'm going to make sure this quote is inscribed on my gravestone.

@mrartdeco 3 года назад

“More Specialists” “Less people who know how to make food” “International Trade” Oh no if something happen we will be doomed again

@kimlp3950 16 дней назад

It is happening, we are doomed again. Our source of energy is limited and ending, overpopulation, lack of employment and wars... something is definitely going bad in our system. Something has to change, who knows if for the better P.s. and what about the climate change that WE created, caused by our industrial system🤯

@thebigbrzezinski3201 7 лет назад

"Knight of Letters" sounds kinda badass in a way.

@SjogrenChristoffer 6 лет назад

Lessons like THIS is the whole reason why history is such an important part of any civilization. It's not just fun to learn about, but the knowledge of the history of our civilizations is the very foundation upon which it sits. Even if we might think of our society today as more robust and persistent, the same rules apply today as they did back in those days. If any one link of the chain breaks... everything may once again be lost...

@Psychol-Snooper 7 лет назад

It was greed from the top of Paradox Interactive that lead to the collapse... wait... where am I?

@Psychol-Snooper 7 лет назад

@CommandoDude It's topical satire for people up on gaming news. Maybe a little trollish for PI fanboys. :P

@accountisdeadnotbigsurpris3026 6 лет назад

Da. need Victoria 3. Must feed my post-napoleon complex.

@victorhugothomaz3480 6 лет назад

I would prefer a Bronze Age Total War tho...

@leonkepp2296 6 лет назад

Hearts of bronze

@fedesoru7 3 года назад

@@accountisdeadnotbigsurpris3026 your wish was granted

@sethcaplan859 7 лет назад

The infrastructure needed to maintain chariots is a bit more complex then that needed to maintain heavy cavalry. A single chariot is a team both of mean and horses who need to train together, the components needed to build and maintain the chariot itself are varied and include not only metal smiths but carpenters and engineers. Then because chariots cannot function all types of terrain you need accurate maps so that the army doesn't accidentally into a rocky gorge where the chariots cannot function.

@TheAzureNightmare 2 года назад

So what if the Stirrup came to mind, and Bridle/Saddle design was more advanced at that time?

@airmanon7213 7 лет назад

The minute they made the comparison to oil in the modern world, I started to get the question, "How do we prevent a collapse like that from happening in our societies today?"

@ethank5059 7 лет назад

We have alternatives to oil though. They may be more expensive but they are there. If oil quintupled in price we would stop burning it to generate electricity and it would be reserved for transportation and plastics. We would also build more electric vehicles which could be powered by coal, natural, wind, solar, nuclear or any other type of generation. It would cause a recession but it wouldn't destroy the world.

@yogsothoth7594 7 лет назад

But electricity isn't the main thing would use oil for, most fossil fuel stations are coal or gas powered. The main thing is vehicles.

@offduty23 7 лет назад

We don't. Instead, we prepare. Preparation is, in its own way, a form of prevention.

@Croz89 7 лет назад

Oil is used for vehicles because it's energy dense and portable. If we can replicate those qualities we'll be fine.

@yusong3306 7 лет назад

wonder how oil collaspe looks like? Just look at north korea, the lack of oil after 1991 quickly brought their agriculture down. Their agriculture was relying on fertilizer and machinery, both of which cannot exist without oil.

@amazinglyanonymous5707 7 лет назад

I love how the barbarians say bar bar bar because that is literally how they were named. In Greece foreigners were called barbarians as their languages sounded like jibiris

@xmvziron 4 года назад

That's actually a folk etymology; the word probably originates from Proto-Indo-European

@OliveOilFan 7 лет назад

Extra credits should do a extra history on extra credits

@MrDUneven 7 лет назад

Why let internet series in a way of keeping the secret that James is Walpole

@robertwalpole360 7 лет назад

I approve of this! ;)

@manetho5134 7 лет назад

Robert Walpole good day Mr prime minister

@tiffyw92 7 лет назад

Boy, the connections to Walpole are REALLY easy. I wonder what they'll do for that part.

@herobrinesblog 7 лет назад

.....so....its a story about upwards progress with no end

@alpacaofthemountain8760 Год назад

I loved the allegory comparing warrior to scribe. High-skill positions benefit society greatly, but they are also a weak spot. Great video!

@firewolf1814 5 лет назад

In one of my middle school history classes we were given 3 months. A map. 2 rivers. 1 city for each team of 5 (Meaning 5 cities) and were told to command a bronze age civilization. It ended up with one in insanely fierce neutrality (They were the weakest). And the remaining 4 getting involved in a massive war involving the largest one being starved out, the smallest one getting obliterated and the second biggest basically just turtling for the whole war.

@jcsantos6862 Год назад

Amogus

@PrimroseFrost 7 лет назад

I feel like half of this episode could have been summed up by telling people they should go play Pharaoh by Impressions Games. I just kind of nodded along like, "Yup, yes, I learned this all the hard way." Great game that taught me more than I even realized.

@gustavszwarc217 5 лет назад

That whole games series is amazing! I spent many hours in Caesar 3.

@willhuey4891 4 года назад

god i remember playing pharoah as a kid.

@Dreamer-kf2pn 2 года назад

Every single video I watch about the bronze age collapse makes me think of that game.

@writteninthestars1111 5 лет назад

"You're only as strong as your weakest link." This was very true for the Bronze Age.

@Onychoprion27 7 лет назад

Talking about how those societies operated reminded me a lot of the Tawanitsuyu, which then made me realize how awesome an Extra History of that empire would be.

@cathalhughes5996 7 лет назад

do you think they will be an oil age collapse?

@HBHaga 7 лет назад

Given that the Saudi oil fields are in decline, a crisis is possible but there are plenty of other sources to take up the slack if/when they run out. It'd be a huge mess in the Middle East, though.

@Krescentwolf 7 лет назад

There's been any number of fictional stories written on the idea of what happens when the oil runs out. That effectively IS an oil age collapse. So at the very least, it's within the realm of possibility.

@ryan1000011 7 лет назад

it'll be more of an energy collapse. oil provides most of the energy at the moment but when it runs out other type aren't advanced enough to take over and the energy needed to continue to manufacture and research these things will go elsewhere to try and control the masses or keep food available to some. with out surplus energy we'd quickly lose the ability to keep up people phones and the internet which would in it's self course a collapse in todays world, we'd also lose the ability to trade on a global scale transport good any significant distance and the ability to keep the soil rich. to few people are left that could even have knowledge on how to replace these systems with what was used before the engine was made. riots would spark millions would die with-in the 1st year people would re-sort to harsh measures to feed themselves and loved ones and it would take generations for the world to recover as knowledge and schooling would be lost until the population of the world dropped to whats naturally sustainable with-out human interference then re-building would happen. This is if a alternative energy source isn't found before the oil runs out though, if it is oil will be of little concern.

@ohooho3120 7 лет назад

Stonersloth Hughes depends if we can move to renewable resources fast enough and we are moving to them pretty fast not to mention that as the coal industry declines more people will move over to renewable resources out of necessity

@toboterxp8155 7 лет назад

If oil indeed starts running out, the prices will start rocketing, wich in turn will boost other technologies. It wouldn't be a collapse, but rather a major set back. And there are still enormous amounts of oil available in locations where it is at the moment to expensive to use, but with rising oil prices it might become a viable option. Same goes for one or two countries cutting of oil trades.

@MarkArandjus 6 лет назад

2:25 this art style is so simple but charming, a game with units like these could totally work!

@PJMM 7 лет назад

Really, what a beautiful and fascinating time in history. Thank you so much, Extra Credits team

@mikep3180 7 лет назад

PJMM these videos are better than history class

@bradf994 7 лет назад

teachers unofficially use youtube lots. Don't worry schools are already using extra credit history.

@kylepearson9505 5 лет назад

8:08 all I can think about is the prince of Egypt. “But one weak link can break the chain of a mighty dynasty!”

@Lazarus1095 7 лет назад

It sounds very much like the problem being described here is ossification. Lack of class mobility would prevent people from one class rising up and stepping in to do the job people from another class were no longer capable of doing.

@silencemeviolateme6076 Год назад

But you always wind up top heavy like today. Life can only get better for everybody for so long.

@jonbaxter2254 7 лет назад

This is fascinating. An ancient civilisation just disappearing, it's like something in a novel

@Anthintendo 4 года назад

This is the third or fourth time I’ve rewatched this little series, and you know what just popped into my head? That trope in fiction of “lost advanced (for their time) civilizations.”

@dvklaveren 7 лет назад

One reason why people weren't being taught to write was; a literate people is a people that is more socially mobile. While I am not suggesting that Egypt actively suppressed people's ability to learn the written word, I think that history selected literate sprouting civilization for extinction for one reason or another, while a class-divided civilization was more likely to survive. I think that there is some quality that civilizations would need to attain before they would be capable of sustaining a large literate population. Be it because it takes a lot of resources and a lot of leisure to be literate or because literate peoples are more likely to splinter; economic efficiency needed to reach a tipping point for literacy to be able to perpetuate. The more efficient an economy is, the more time is left for segments of the population to maintain their literacy. And one of the ways to make an economy more efficient is if literacy is high. So it serves to study the collapse of the bronze age. It is possible that this is where civilizations were still bumping against that tipping point and that certain technological discoveries would have to be made before the upward spiral of literacy and economic efficiency would become, in itself, efficient.

@B0idh 7 лет назад

In the 1st episode of this series, you mentioned copper was a common resource in the ME but tin was very rare. You did mention there was an area in Turkey that supplied the tin, but you failed to mention Afghanistan also supplied much of the tin, as well as lapis lazuli, meaning a lot trade went to the east. Anyway, great episode. I love learning about the Bronze Age.

@silencemeviolateme6076 Год назад

I imagine he didn't bring it up because we don't know the history of that part of the world as well. We know the bronze age collapse effected west Asia but we don't know about east Asia.

@tonysladky8925 7 лет назад

"Knight of Letters" is one of the coolest mental images I've heard in a while. I'm going to have to steal that for something, though I don't know what yet…

@kevinclass2010 4 года назад

I mean, you need a propagandist along with your army.

@ShePudding 4 года назад

With COVID-19 tearing through my local economy, our only saving grace seems to be that we are part of a wider nation that can support 30% of everyone losing their job, and more besides forced to close. If we were just individual nation-states, would this be our tipping point? The one that forced us to regress technologically, or even be consumed by a stronger neighbor? Hmm...

@jahhger 5 лет назад

Run that’s some deep stuff, this reminds me of the quote from civ6 “it was air conditioning that brought down the fall of the Roman Empire. With air conditioning, their windows were closed,they couldn’t hear the barbarians coming. “

@lucasjohnson1277 7 лет назад

Notifications from Extra Credits make my day :)

@jordanfitzmaurice6658 7 лет назад

When I heard 'the wheel turns', my first thought was; "The wheel of time turns, and ages come and pass, leaving memory that becomes legend, and legend that becomes myth, until the age that gave birth to it comes again."

@VercilJuan 3 года назад

where was this quote from?

@jordanfitzmaurice6658 3 года назад

@@VercilJuan The Wheel of Time series by Robert Jordan, and finished by Brandon Sanderson.

@MossOwnsYouYT 7 лет назад

Just recently got into the Extra History segments and let me say, while I love learning about the cultures and events of our past, that intro is just so on point that I'd click each vid just to listen to those books sing.

@TheEnigmaticKasai 7 лет назад

"Wait a minute... OUR society relies on similar technologies and complex systems."....*takes a drink for the fragility of society*

@XenonXs 7 лет назад

Is it possible to place references or sources each episode? It would be great if my teacher could use this, but in order for her to actually show it, it must have credible sources.

@jarredmace1080 7 лет назад

Almost fairly positive they're probably using "1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed" by Eric Cline as a major source.

@extrahistory 7 лет назад

We've had quite a bit of internal staff debate about whether/how we should share the sources we've used when writing these series. The biggest reason why we haven't made efforts to publicly share a citation list for every series is because we often get requests from students who are looking for a quick-and-easy list to cite for an assignment, and one of our biggest hopes is that Extra History will inspire people to conduct their own research, discover multiple narratives, and even challenge our interpretation of events (in polite and sincere language of course!), rather than letting a single RU-vid channel do all the work. ;) But again, this is something we continue to go back and forth on internally, and we definitely do want these videos to be in an educator's toolbox for their classroom needs. Thank you for sharing your feedback on this important question. --Belinda (Community Manager)

@Vanalovan 7 лет назад

Extra Credits I appreciate the concern but having a place to start research that is both up to date, scholarly and accessible is often the first stumbling block for independent research. Maybe y'all don't need citations but I think a works referenced page released during the "Lies" episode would be a fantastic resource for people.

@InfernGame 7 лет назад

John Sales IIRC, they announced on Patreon that they are planning to include a list of references under each video.

@hanssmirnov9946 7 лет назад

+InferGame Oh, cool. Before they were avoiding that, so that people couldn't use these as school-material.

@ItRemindMeOfHome 6 лет назад

I think a good way to look at the Bronze Age, and all other eras of history, as a trial run for some development. The Bronze Age was the first real attempts at centralized governments, with all the benefits and drawbacks that come from centralized government. No one knew how to do any of this, they were making it up as they went along. As such, they made the mistakes which later societies would overcome. As civilizations emerge and die, they leave behind lessons for later civilizations to follow through their failures.

@IntoTheOrdinary 7 лет назад

This is a fantastic topic! It puts so much into perspective and touches on many big topics such as writing, power and food. Keep it up EH peeps!

@euttdsiggh2783 4 года назад

This was wonderful! Its even better when you have translations, today i find out that you have one in Serbian language! Thanks to whoever did that, you are doing a great job!

@Manawolfman 7 лет назад

I always found it odd how the simple horseback rider outpaced the chariot. You're using less, yet getting more out of your military unit, perhaps simply because learning how to ride horseback became more proficient as time went on. The Huns certainly used chariot archers to deadly effect, and dragoons even later.

@chitragatha-anshudeepdhusi5752 Год назад

Huns had chariot archers? Please tell more about it?

@Alexeiyeah 7 лет назад

I hope they will make a series on Minoan. Maybe an one-off overview. But THEY were the proto-proto greeks, so it would be great to see it.

@Thoreaux 7 лет назад

Bar bar bar!

@AegixDrakan 7 лет назад

Barian! Barian! Barian!

@KnightofRome01 7 лет назад

Spotted the non-classics major! lol

@fawwazn.1244 7 лет назад

Thoreaux Barry! Barry! Barry!

@kennymartin5976 7 лет назад

Buh-Barbarian, Buh-Buh-Barbarian. Buh-Barbarian, Buh-Buh-Barbarian!!

@TheTariqibnziyad 7 лет назад

Thoreaux bar bar barbarians at tje gate (inside the gate)

@rebelbeammasterx8472 7 лет назад

I guess there's truth to the Atlantis Story. Just it wasn't an island, rather a whole continent.

@theo1856 4 года назад

*Every sentence:* So basically they had this really great thing that was so amazing! But what if they didn't have anyone to run these great things!?!?!?

@kentamidorin 7 лет назад

Oh boy. I've always been fascinated by these

@danielbazinga5775 6 лет назад

This is genuinely more comprehensive an analysis than every book I've ever read on this subject, all of which just go "We don't really know, but here's some archaeological evidence with zero analysis of it."

@markhenley3097 4 года назад

The similarity between the Bronze Age Civilisations needing Bronze to sustain themselves and the modern World needing oil is quite striking. Most crude oil comes from the Middle East, North America and Russia, but oil refining cannot happen without metal, or educated people who come from Europe and NA. Then transportation, cars are built elsewhere, and so are the raw materials needed for them. If there was a breakdown in trade, or partial collapse in some countries, a complete collapse like that of the Bronze Age could occur.

@jelmargerritsen 7 лет назад

Next time: Sea peoples?!

@vianneymichelet9083 7 лет назад

Love the show! Just completed French subtitles, they're good for review. Keep going with the good work!

@mverna3628 7 лет назад

Funny how perfectly the 'Exodus' fits into this.

@evan448 7 лет назад

well thats one of the problems of intense irrigation in such a arid climate when the water evaporates it leaves some amount of salt on the soil gradually making the land infertile

@Ryukachoo 7 лет назад

8:05 this OST is (on)fire

@jeffjeff5719 7 лет назад

Ryukachoo yeah man

@Carewolf 7 лет назад

One of the features I have always wanted in Paradox games is simulating the difference in narrow top-down and wide bottom up advancements. It really made a huge difference between civilization and nations, especially under pressure.

@DrTssha 7 лет назад

Wow. This outro actually made me cry. Brought real tears to my eyes. Well done.

@smitty.w483 7 лет назад

Now the phenicians can get down to business !

@wublesmoop6125 7 лет назад

Phoenicians*

@WannabeCanadianDev 7 лет назад

They had a punny time of it.

@edwardaucay8597 7 лет назад

MB luna Also can we switch to something that is a little easier to find, thanks

@GuKingGu 7 лет назад

I can't quite tell if you're making a Punic reference there...

@diegocassola1 7 лет назад

A lot of people are studying the history of the entire world, I guess

@TheDatadestroyer 7 лет назад

Ahh, another suspenseful game of Jenga wherein everything goes to shit anyway.

@zetsubanned4308 7 лет назад

Thank you again for covering my favorite part in all of history. It's such a massive amount of effort for you to embark, and so appreciated by those of us that need storytellers to lift up us wannabees to your level. People focus on the fall of the Roman Empire as the go-to analogy for what we're in danger of now, but I've always thought the Bronze Age is what we should be focusing on. The internet gets crippled or worse, is somehow done away with in its current form- and we're potentially set back centuries at best.

@AirCicilia 4 года назад

Great artwork, awesome presentation, very motivating to delve deeper into the hows and whys of history.

@NoiLeafGreen 7 лет назад

But what happens when a phrase is used a million times in a single video?

@merrittanimation7721 7 лет назад

NoiLG Walpole

@EdbertWeisly 3 года назад

Wat

@stevenchoza6391 7 лет назад

Goddammit, Walpole...

@robertwalpole360 7 лет назад

Woop, woop, woop, woop!

@stevenchoza6391 7 лет назад

Robert Walpole I have an idea... why not go to hell and annoy John Blunt for the rest of your days...?

@robertwalpole360 7 лет назад

Nah! The Devil is having too much fun with him for me to butt in and ruin his fun. ;)

@stevenchoza6391 7 лет назад

Robert Walpole Oh, don't play dumb with me... We all know who Satan takes his marching orders from...

@dinglebeey 7 лет назад

great video. The parallels with our own age are striking ! The connections you make are fantastic for getting students to see the relevance of history !

@lucianocastrogiovanni2879 7 лет назад

Jeez, I haven't been this excited to be hearing about history in years. Thank you EC.

@LordCHull 7 лет назад

lol Imagine when modern society faces significant food collapses with everyone specialized outside of farming we are so boned.

@jukahri 7 лет назад

That wouldn't happen though. The free market balances itself, if there's not enough food, food prices go up, becoming a farmer becomes a lot more profitable, and a lot more people become farmers.

@JellybellyWaffles 7 лет назад

We can also use the internet to learn how to farm.

@Balsiefen 7 лет назад

The free market doesn't make more farm land appear and it doesn't repair soil degradation. The number of farmers is not the limiting factor.

@Obzerver 7 лет назад

I know very little about economics but one would assume that a similar argument could be applied to that issue: Not enough farm land means research into new farming technologies become more valuable so more people research these and we get more efficient farms. Also vertical farms are already a somewhat common thing.

@hagamapama 7 лет назад

Balsiefen It's not the limiting factor, but at the moment, neither is land. At the moment many Western governments are heavily restricting the amount of land that can be used for farming as a way to prop up food prices. There's food to use and food to waste and food to give away right now, so much so that there's a concern that by the time we might need them again in all their numbers, there won't be enough farmers left to rise to the challenge, thus they are subsidized. Nearly every source of starvation in this world can be put down to politics rather than supply. If we needed to quadrule the global food output we could do it. EASILY. Of course all that means is that food supply is not going to be the first domino. But still.

@TheSkyRender 7 лет назад

I do love analysis of societal shortcomings. It really brings to light just how much designing an effective society is akin to writing a good piece of software. And much like poorly-planned software, a poorly-planned societal structure can and will fall apart very quickly if conditions aren't exactly right. To see a programming example of this, take a look at Final Fantasy VI. That game works very well, as long as you do exactly what the game expects you to do. But as soon as you go off the rails, as soon as even one of the game's numerous game-breaking glitches takes hold, the whole thing just falls apart on itself. It still functions, but very poorly, and definitely not in a way that allows you to actually complete the game. The developers never really considered the possibility of anyone doing the things that trigger these glitches, thus they didn't plan for what to do if said glitches did trigger. In society and programming both, you need to be aware of possibilities, and of shortcomings in your design that can lead to complete system failure.

@Erika-gn1tv 7 лет назад

And since every game can be broken, well...

@hagamapama 7 лет назад

I think we can all agree that these ancient peoples did a very good job organizing their societies, after all, they lasted for centuries. The thing is just like designing software, sooner or later you have to accept flaws. There is no such thing as a fully-featured program that is flawless. Flaws can make the bug list but also can simply be features that if not outright bugs are still not ideal from a design standpoint. If you do not accept a few flaws in the programming you can't get anything done. And maybe you can patch them later, maybe you had to commit to decisions that make that impossible. it depends on what you're trying to build. And when you're trying to build something as huge and messy and unpredictable and chaotic as a society, and you're not the only one making decisions -- good luck. I think the Bronze Age civilizations did some amazing work at keeping everything together, successfully entropy for generations until whatever group of flaws brought things to a head finally became severe enough that there was no choice left but to pull the plug and start to develop version 2.0.

@Petros98223 6 лет назад

you are incorrect about your anlaogy, macro economies do not function as designed or planned transactions, they can not. software and machinery are actually designed by humans, intended for a specific purpose (a rather narrow one at that). Free market economies are very complex and can not be controlled or they will fail. Not a single "top down" economy in history has ever been prosperous, certainly not like what see with these empires. Free markets work best when individuals are free to fill a need, a nitch, fill a demand, provide goods and services, as well as introduce new products (i.e. prosper off of your innovations). We see all of these things during the bronze age, continual improvement in technology, prosperity and trade, driving toward specialization and complexity. Only in "natural" processes do you see complexity flourish. the controlled "top down" economy is an idiotic modern myth invented by all of the socialist collage professors who study ancient cultures. they want it to be true so they write it into their theories. No evidence for it, and they misinterpret the obvious facts they find in the ruins and digs. See my posting on this topic.

@TomFynn Год назад

"Sire, the people are revolting!" "You're right. They stink on ice."

@c3wichman 4 года назад

This takes a whole new meaning with the C19 situation

@luqcrusher 7 лет назад

Wow. Thank you for broadening our perspectives, EH. Off the top of my head, I can quickly draw a comparison between the Bronze Age and the present: The Internet. Nowadays, perhaps people across the globe pride themselves on how easy it is to access and use information over the Internet, leading to economic growth, intellectual growth, advanced record keeping and amazing collaboration and connectivity with the entire planet. Everyone assumes this must be a good thing. But just as it was for the Bronze Age, this may too lead to our downfall. As our lives increasingly depend on the Internet, what will happen if one day it suddenly just disappears...? (shudder)

@jenalano4031 7 лет назад

LuqmanLSG it won't

@IkeOkerekeNews 7 лет назад

LuqmanLSG I think that the internet has become too big to fail. I mean to fail all at once. The only way I can see this happening is if Earth was hit by a really powerful solar flare.

@Luthies 7 лет назад

Oil is a much better comparison than Internet honestly. Internet would only "go away" because of a disaster, at which point we would probably have other issues. However oil is the foundation of the current global trade, and it's running out. Unless we transition away from oil within a hundred years or so...well, Fallout games might suddenly not be that fictional.

@hanssmirnov9946 7 лет назад

Yup... Check out Money as Debt, and, A Requiem for the American Dream, if you want to see how the world is heading for Greece's economic collapse.

@Joee1530 4 года назад

“The Bronze Age societies were command economies” Soviet theme intensifies.

@fenhen 7 лет назад

I've always wondered why Chariots came before proper cavalry. The answer has blown my mind, thank you.

@KaletheQuick 6 лет назад

"A scribe is like a knight of letters" And like that I pop out my calligraphy set. Time to binge calligraphy vids.

@Mewseeker 7 лет назад

How effective the chariots were? In the Old Testament, it is mentioned that the Jews couldn't completely defeat their oponnent (the Philistines if I recall correctly?) because they had chariots. You know, the guys who had God on their side (or at least had Him on their side when they weren't worshipping gods from other nations).

@Carewolf 7 лет назад

This still slaughtered them and took their land. So I guess it worked out. That part of the bible really surprised me as a kid.

@madogthefirst 7 лет назад

It ain't so much they are effective it is that you on foot won't be able to out run them. I heard once that ancient charriots were like battle taxies fresh troops to the fight. then there are those that also worked as archers long range hit and run. Chariots themselves are highly situational only able to effectively manuvor in open plains, they were too heavy for other terrian and the grade be too steep in hilly parts. This is why the Israelites in one part of the bible took to the top of hills and such if they were going to face chariots.

@Dakka1968 6 лет назад

Id take cataphracts over chariots anyday. CHAAARRRRGGGEEEEEEE

@Duchess_Van_Hoof 6 лет назад

Charge? What frankish nonsense is this? A slow trot is what any honest roman would use.

@caf_thetermit 7 лет назад

Of course it was walpole hes everywhere hes right now in my backyard! Also cool show Extra Credits

@robertwalpole360 7 лет назад

*Waves to you from your backyard*

@sriaks24 6 лет назад

Thanks! You guys are doing a great job.

@Nickdee21 5 лет назад

When I played the original Rome Total war, I noticed a correlation between adding irrigation systems leading to high squalor and eventually revolts. Love seeing that kind of stuff come full circle in history !

@toddvogel8887 7 лет назад

When i read "The Wheel and the Rod" all i could think of was those old memes of the guy riding a bike and putting a bar in the wheel so he crashes and blames it on Obama or whatever.

@Lostmc660 7 лет назад

Walpole stop Walpoling in history

@robertwalpole360 7 лет назад

NEVER!!!

@Lostmc660 7 лет назад

Robert Walpole is it true you led the sea people

@robertwalpole360 7 лет назад

I think Blunt was leading them at one time.

@D-me-dream-smp 3 года назад

Fantastic job at summarising such a complex situation. I feel smarter already. Thanks

@alexitosworld 7 лет назад

Great episode! I'm still thinking about when you talk about horses not being big enough to carry knights. Never thought about that!

@hagamapama 7 лет назад

This is just a guess, but I think it's a good one. You know the meme about "lost lore of the ancients?" The one that seems to inform even a lot of very modern fiction? I think that's a cultural memory of the people after the bronze age collapse., who knew that the world used to be better place but not how to get there from here.

@dsz1195 4 года назад

Hmmmm this looks familiar im pretty sure this is what we have now

@AegixDrakan 7 лет назад

THIS IS SO FREAKIN' INTERESTING! :o I'm loving this!

@PaulTheSkeptic 6 лет назад

Really enjoying this channel. Glad I found it.

@2ndGenBen 7 лет назад

It's transregional, not global trade routes

@wingracer1614 7 лет назад

Western history buffs tend to portray the Mediterranean as the whole world until around Roman Empire times when northern Europe is allowed into the world. That is then the whole world until Columbus.

@rjfaber1991 7 лет назад

If it stretches as far as the limits of the known world, then as far as the consequences of this trade for the people involved go, it is global trade.

@WannabeCanadianDev 7 лет назад

Narrative purposes, yes China and other parts of the world exist. But they aren't the focus, they'll probably cover this during Lies.

@georgelaidlaw3748 7 лет назад

Nope. Global trade (at least amongst all polities capable of participating in global trade) was achieved in the Roman period. So far as I am aware, there is, in principle, no reason why the same indirect trade between Mesopotamia/Anatolia and China via 'Silk Roads' would not be possible in the late Bronze Age. I'm not saying it did happen, as I am not an expert and have not reviewed the evidence, I'm merely saying it could have happened. A brief review online of things such as Wiki suggest that there was very strong regional trade with some 'global' or 'intercontinental' trade as well. Fragments of Chinese silk dating to the 1000 BCE have been found in Egyptian tombs for example. There would also probably have been some trade with proto-Germanic and Bronze Age Britons in Northern Europe for dyes and amber. Germanic tribes controlled the amber trade for millenia.

@huidezhu7566 7 лет назад

It did happen. The Chinese Shang dynasty clearly shows some influence from the middle east

@JusticeForPottsvilleMaroons Год назад

1:15 WELL THAT'S NOT FUCKING OMINOUS

@hoelbling18 7 лет назад

I am a big fan of your extra history series and this one was one of the best so far, thanks for breaking a creative deadlock in my thesis work, consider me a patreon as soon as I am getting a steady job.

@chiefofcanada2368 7 лет назад

Great job with your videos I use them for my University History Classes!!

@TheTariqibnziyad 7 лет назад

in the end having no horses to communicate quickly, no Iron to defende yourself efficiently and preserve peace, and no paper and easy alphabetic language to administer your peace will led you to collaps since those civilazations were in a sense a complex luxury, you can see that in civilization around the world like the mayans, theu just disappeared because of war between themselves, no invation or major natural calamity.

@felhammer2498 7 лет назад

You do not need Iron to defend yourself if no one else has Iron. You do realize paper did not come to the west until 1200s, right? Egypt had Papyrus. These people had horses. Horses did not just disappear then re-appear centuries later.

@TheTariqibnziyad 7 лет назад

central states can easily produce far more than barbarians, because it requires much complex technologies, why i say barbarians because there is generally no collapse if a state defeats a state, so Iron and later gun powder gave settled civilizations an edge. i was talking about Egypt and the middle east, not only the west, Papyrus is expensive and inefficient, and i mentioned also Alphabetic, so you wont have to have a class of script trained from young age, alphabetical are way easier to learn hence no major economic pressure. i was referring to riding horses, since i talked about communication, using horses to transport messages was a huge improvement and it is what made empires the size of Achemenides and Rome possible, you can quickly lose regions easily if it takes you mouths to know about unrest or an invasion in the first place.

@DrMetalPunk 7 лет назад

i do not ussually coment. And this i am doing from my phone. I am no scholar. I am more of the hobbyist of history. But I really would love if any one can point me to any works paralleling Bronze Age centralized economy with Soviet Unions attempt at Planned Economy. Think there is a lot to dig there, and would be interesting to see what wiser people than me came up with.

@DrFumesta 5 лет назад

Too many communists infiltrated in academia for you to get those answers from them. They want to stay away from that comparison.

@MrGeocidal 5 лет назад

The communists in academy confine themselves chiefly to social studies. Study finance and there'll be nary a communist in sight.

@anandanuggets1339 4 года назад

there is one glaring difference, ancient architecture was beautiful, communist architecture on the other hand was horrible. Perhaps due to the attitude of the ancients building for the glory of their gods whereas the communist built for the glory of "the state". I think your thesis would be an interesting one to look into!

@cmbeadle2228 4 года назад

@@DrFumesta most people I knew who dabbled in Marxism stopped when they studied history/economics/sociology in university. Especially history departments, where Marxists have been incredibly rare since the 90s.

@linklgas1691 7 лет назад

*Please stop being such a god-level content creator to make me look better.* (JK, I love your videos. They teach me a lot!)

@pgraterol 7 лет назад

This videos are the best of the week!! They make ancient history so interesting! I'm a big fan of the study of the 20th century, but with this series I'm getting into more ancient studies. Does anyone have any reading recommendations?

@robinkristiansen6578 7 лет назад

but why did the top of the pyramid explode???

@ZanathKariashi 7 лет назад

Aliens???? Or at least that's what the history channel would leave one to believe...or Russian hacking...one of the other.

@robinkristiansen6578 7 лет назад

those goddamn illegal aliens at it again!!!

@Luthies 7 лет назад

That literally is the "Mystery" in the "Mystery of the Bronze Age Collapse". We don't know what fell the first domino.

@hanssmirnov9946 7 лет назад

The Israelites. We found their towns, their tombs, and a record complaining about the foreigners and salves leaving with the gold jewelry of the nobility. And every house is in mourning, and they complain about something to do with water and blood. Look at _Exodus: Patterns of Evidence,_ if you want to see all the evidence reviewed.

@RiverVink 7 лет назад

the globalists

@jerolvilladolid 4 года назад

Now I know what caused the bronze age collapse. A communicable respiratory disease similar to coronavirus

@akrybion 7 лет назад

Damn, this probably could be the second most interesting series after Admiral Yi! I love this incredibly old history, it's like a look into an entirerly different world.