The Constitution of Judea (103-6 BCE) 

very reminiscent of historia civilis, in the best way possible.

Jews: taxes income Romans: taxes property Americans: taxes both income AND property

wow. This video is very well made, and made it very easy to understand. I'm thinking, "HOW DOES THIS GUY HAVE ONLY 160 SUBSCRIBERS!". Subscribed.

One should note that the "populistic" nature of the Pharasees is not so straight-forward. The Pharasees were not anti-monarchists or anti-aristocratic. They were Traditionalists who did not like the Hellenization of the upper classes, and claimed that the Davidic monarchy was the only legitimate one, as oppossed to the Hellenized Hasmonians.

This is fascinating. Regarding precedent and case law, in modern times it is a unique feature of English common law. Most of Continental Europe and it’s former colonies have legal systems rooted in the Napoleonic Code, which is basically an updated restatement of Roman law which has functioned in Europe for millennia prior, and doesn’t recognize precedent, case law or any law that isn’t explicitly codified, and in addition Roman law does not allow for the court to interpret law in the way that English law does. However, prior to the French Revolution and Napoleonic conquest of Europe, customary law based on precedent and case law, with emphasis on judicial authority coexisted with Roman law in the Holy Roman Empire and dominated the legal system of Northern, Central and Southwestern France - the Southeast of France, Provence/Transalpine Gaul had been much more Romanized and so in the Parlements d’Aix and Toulouse and in the Conseil souverain de Roussillon, right until 1789 the Codex Theodosianus, the Breviary of Alaric and through the Lex citationum the juridical works of Ulpian, Papinian, Paulus, Modestinus etc were primary legal sources, along with the Digest of Justinian’s code as written in the Littera Florentina was the legal rule.

I’m a Jew that’s been very curious about our history as I left temple after my Bar mitzvah and thus didn’t learn our history but your channel has been an amazing discovery. Thank you

As a Jewish Studies major in college, I read/watched countless introductions and summaries of Jewish History. This channel is so much better than all of them it’s ridiculous.

I love your videos. Do you have your bibliography written down somewhere? Would love to peruse your sources. Shabbat shalom.

Criminally underrated

The conflicts between the Sadducees and Pharisees kind of reminds me of the struggles between the Tories and Whigs in British history.

Serious Historia Civilis vibes, I love it

I never imagined my own research, which was spotty at best, could be confirmed and completely outclassed by your fantastic work.

The Kingdom of Judah existed from the 10th to the 6th century BCE, until it was conquered by the Babylonians, who destroyed Jerusalem and the temple and exiled many of the Judahites to Babylon. Judea was then ruled by various foreign powers, such as the Persians, the Greeks, the Seleucids, and the Romans. During this period, Judea witnessed many social, cultural, and religious changes and conflicts, such as the rise of the Pharisees, the Sadducees, the Essenes, and the Zealots, the revolt of the Maccabees, the emergence of the Hasmonean dynasty, the intervention of the Roman general Pompey, the reign of Herod the Great, and the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. In the first century CE, Judea became a Roman province, governed by prefects and procurators appointed by Rome. The Roman rule was oppressive and unpopular among the Jews, who rebelled several times against the foreign occupation. In the second century CE, a Jewish rebellion broke out, led by Simon bar Kokhba, who claimed to be the messiah. The rebellion was crushed by the Roman emperor Hadrian, who renamed Judea as Syria Palaestina, after the ancient enemies of the Jews, the Philistines. He also banned the Jews from entering Jerusalem, which he rebuilt as a Roman city called Aelia Capitolina. These measures were intended to erase the Jewish identity and connection to the land of Judea. The name Palestine was later applied to the whole region by the Romans, who renamed Judea as Syria Palaestina in the 2nd century CE. Judea remained part of the Roman Empire and its successors, the Byzantine Empire and the Islamic Caliphate, until the Crusades in the Middle Ages. The Byzantines had requested the help of the Pope and the western Christians to fight against the Muslim invasions, but they also suffered from the attacks and betrayals of the Crusaders, who sacked Constantinople, the Byzantine capital, in 1204 CE and established a Latin Empire in its place. This weakened the Byzantine Empire and made it more vulnerable to the Ottoman Turks, who eventually conquered it in 1453 CE and Palestine became a part of the Islamic world. After WW II, when all countries agreed not to start any new colonization, the Zionist movement established Israel in parts of Palestine, the latter was under the British Mandate in 1948 CE. They brought Jews from all over the world, mainly from Europe and the Middle East. This led the Arab states and the Palestinians to oppose the UN Partition Plan and deem it unjust and unfair.

Was the Judean legal system closer to the Justinian/Napoleonic model or the English/Old German?

The Hasmonean system of military conscription with religious exemptions and exemptions for ethnic minorities as well as automatic citizenship for anyone from the diaspora seems similar to modern day Israeli policies

Although it is really interesting to hear Jewish History from this sort of perspective. :)

I always saw the government as (ideally) embodying three different sets of hierarchies, with complicated and overlapping interdepedencies. There was the civil government (headed by the king), the religious government (the rabbis, up to the Sanhedrin), and the priests (headed by the high priest). Shimon Hatzadik was at the head of all three, then for a time the high priest was at the head of the civil government, through the Maccabean period. Meanwhile, David and some of his descendants had also been the head of the Sanhedrin, but weren't priests. I would be surprised if the Av Bet Din of the Zugot was a Sadducee, as their names are revered in the (Pharisaic) Talmud. A possible exception is Menachem, Hillel's first opposite, replaced by Shammai after he "left".

your best video yet thanks

The channel Invicta did an episode on the application of Roman Law, if memory serves they had some form of case law. Centuries later but before the middle ages this was also used in Sharia Courts.

So Judea was proto-Georgist?

The Jewish Priests were appointed to maintain law and order in their districts. An agreement the Priests made with the Roman Authority. To maintain law and order without violence.

so literally jewish English civil war primacy of parliament over the crown and i guess religious stuff as well

0:20 Gaza Strip? Never heard of it.

If the Rabbi’s role was to interpret and enforce Jewish law, what was the role of lawyers back then? Was the role of “lawyer” in the modern sense fulfilled by the rabbi?

This sounds way too similar to England

A quick question, I was under the impression that Roman law, especially later Roman law, often drew from legal precedent. Could this practice have been influenced by Jewish judicial practices? Or if they are different kinds of legal practice what distinguishes the two?

the 2/3 brenches of government 🕍✡ civil tribunals, Lesser Sanhedrim, Great Sanedrin = judiciary Monarch, High Priest= executive no need for a legislature! We were already given our laws!🕎

Fascinating!

This is fantastic! Thanks so much. A system modern Israel should work towards re establishing (in a modernised form) rather than living with a superimposed British (former colonial) system.

Very instructive and informative. Thank you Sam.

oh yeah, the historia civilis music proves this guy knows what he is doing

Lol, Historia Civillis Judaea

Great video covering topics that no one else does. Wonderful for students of Second Temple Judaism (as I am). Of course, the big question is…how did Israel really function at this time? Thanks.

Georgism ftw

This is amazing.

Natai ha’arebeli a tzaduki? Please provide proof Thanks

Wasn't Roman Law heavily based on precedents? Also: 'In the early second millennium B.C.E., Mesopotamian scribes copied a range of legal-pedagogical texts in the context of their education. These texts included sample contracts, phrasebooks with lists of common legal phrases; and long-form cases dealing with “juicy” topics such as homicide, adultery, inheritance disputes, and adoption disputes. These long cases are generally marked by colorful flourishes and interesting points of law, and regularly feature a judicial body called “the Assembly.”'

I thought that intermediate sanhedrin could also hear capital cases as per Mishna Sanhedrin 1.

It was a theocracy under a closed aristocratic class. The only political dynamic was argument "what does the Law (ie Bible) actually mean? -- JUST LIKE IN THE US . The cohanmim were "strict constructionists", the p'rushim were more pragmatic. Both coveted and wallowed in legalism, legal pugilism, as devices of power. JUST LIKE IN THE US. And there were the usual anarchical and narcisstic and mystigogical elements that were in it for the drama. JUST LIKE IN THE US. But the two main groups were TINY. NOT LIKE IN THE US (where the real norm-makers are tiny and not too visible). As they say in Ireland: AIN BOR LOMED. Start learning, if you're not stuck in Sufi simplification.

The thumbnail would make a pretty awesome flag

5:52 This split seems different than splits in the Jewish world in the 20th/21st century.

All of your videos are great, but this might just be your best. Criminal you have so few subs

Thank you for introducing me to Jewish history!

So many parallels withe modern Israel.

This channel has some really interesting stuff.

This is sooooo interesting! I an going to watch this for a few more times.

Thank you for your videos!

wow! so interesting!

Why do you think England embraced case law rather than the more common civil law of continental Europe?

1:07 1-2 million PLUS 50%?

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Precedent law was very present in Roman law actually - in the form of Preaetor's Edict.

Conservatives would not like the state owning property. "THATS SOCIALISM" I can hear them howl.

2:25 so they were goergists? lol nice

Rome already had Precedent Law, and I'd argue was more governmentally advanced than Judea, due to the two-chamber nature of the legislative between the Senate and the Popular Assembly. What are the Judean Regional Governors? Are they part of the Executive? Semi-Independant like Roman Governors (subject to the Legislative Branch)?

In this day and age, you should not be able to het away with a description about land ownership in modern Israel without once mentioning what happened to the Palestinians who once own

Jesus Christ was judged by the Great Sanhedrim.