This reminds me of "science as a candle in the dark" by Carl Sagan. We are all in the dark actually, scientists are the ones who are aware of it and always looking for answers to help brighten humanity's future.
@@Bibibosh is that a joke? Each part of it “updates” every time more light hits it, but only that spot changes, it doesn’t work like a computer screen.
Ibn haytham famous quote "The duty of the man who investigates the writings of scientists, if learning the truth is his goal, is to make himself an enemy of all that he reads, and ... attack it from every side. He should also suspect himself as he performs his critical examination of it, so that he may avoid falling into either prejudice or leniency."
Fun fact: the term “camera” in European languages came from the Arabic word “ Qumra, ” which means the closed dark place, and it is a word referring to the “dark room” that Ibn al-Haytham used in his visual experiments. Ibn al-Haytham was the first to present a description of the camera in the course of his study of science.
Thanks for this. I often have arguments with fundamentalist Christians who can't allow people working in the Muslim world any agency in science, maths, etc. They claim that those workers only copied the Greeks, etc. No matter what I bring up, nothing can get through their armour. Jim Al Khalili (a British physicist of Iraqi origin) has written a great book called “Pathfinders", and there's a ton of other material around now.
You cant just debat religious fubdamentalist. I got the same experience argumenting with muslim fundamentalist about similar topics. And for the love of Christ.. they were running in the dark its just ridiculous...
@@DM-dy9bqa some fundamentalist it's always problem from both side how to express their ignorance if someone attack toward their ego Don't debate with person if he don't want your opinion it only waste of time
I've heard the same about fundamentalist atheists who incorrectly think science is purely an atheist endeavour, and refuse to allow Christians any agency in science and research etc.
One of my thoughts this week is, How much influence should people who reject the biological sciences have on public policy regarding biological matters?
The Islamic golden age was truly a phenomena, even after the burning of the great libraries of Baghdad at the hands of the Tatars we still have a lot of science rooted in that era. truly impressive.
@@NutsforBrainsLOL basically all who were related to turks called them tartars, the rest called them mongols. That's why middle easterners get confused when they hear the term tartars, they never heard of it as the mongols never called themselves that.
Wow Hindus also give the same reason behind being an outdated and unscientific society. Their science of 'glory days' was burnt in a Library by some Mughal invader. So they keep reminiscing it and deny to move on 😁.
hahahaha for real brother, it's amazing how humans use their mind, The strange thing is, there are some very very smart people, who still refuse to believe in a Creator, God most high, but they are only betraying themselves
@@aerokasyeal4840 Not really. It's more intellectually and rationally sound to rely on empirical evidence, not listen to ancient superstition that has no relevance today.
It took me until nearly the end of the video to realize when you said it's the dark origins of the scientific method you actually meant the dark origins. I'd been waiting the whole time for some devious fact drops that weren't coming XD
one thing I absolutely love about the Islamic golden age is that you are not forced to choose a single subject/field and stick to it for the rest of your life. something peeks your interest; you go learn it, research it, and hopefully give the world a great invention! you can be a theologian, philosopher, astronomer, doctor, historian, anything under the sun all at the same time!! this type of intellectual freedom is unthinkable in today's society. God, I'm so born in the wrong century!!
that was not exclusive to islamic scholars, most of the scholars of the renaissance were the same, they had many fields they worked on, from phylosophy to mathematics ..etc
@@Eddy-Cool I would have to agree with the other guy. Also, science wasn't well differentiated back then. Astronomy, medical, philosophy or anything that seemed to have concrete logic was science so it was technically impossible to force anyone.
So true. And people would specialize in different fields at the same time and thus were polymaths...a theologian could be the greatest physicist of his time.
Some of the people who translated his works, they mispronounced the word Qumra that he mentioned to Camera... He was the first person explaining how the human eyes work and how we see the things May Allah bless his soul
@@m33a agree. Science is a human heritage, meanwhile we should give credit where credit is due. Many western references and books don't mention of the huge role Arabs/Muslims played in translating and preserving creek philosophy (without which we would have never known enlightement) and pioneering many sciences like pharmacy, optics, astronomy, etc. Have a great day.
Worth mentioning is that Ibn al haitham was freed by the the wife of the ruler (Sit Almulk) whom was originally a Roman concuban. Also back then whoever published something got paid for it except Ibn Alhaitham. He refused to get paid because he believed science is a human right and should be reachable by all. He suffered a lot with rulers born in Basrah(Iraq) ran away from Basrah to Aleppo (Syria) because he refused to build a palace for the ruler. Prisoned in Cairo then freed and kept researching until he died. Edit: You guys are absolutely right it was Sit Almulk I edited it. Sorry for the huge mistakes
@@ilovehorses38 In the case of Shajar al-Durr, she originally was. Her life was pretty incredible, but sadly we still know way too little about her (e.g. her origin or date of birth): "She was the wife of As-Salih Ayyub, and later of Izz al-Din Aybak, the first sultan of the Mamluk Bahri dynasty. Prior to becoming Ayyub's wife, she was a child slave and Ayyub's concubine. In political affairs, Shajar al-Durr played a crucial role after the death of her first husband during the Seventh Crusade against Egypt (1249-1250 AD). She became the sultana of Egypt on 2 May 1250, marking the end of the Ayyubid reign and the start of the Mamluk era." (had never heard about her before, hence did some digging, but am now very much intrigued)
The only thing I knew about this guy that he was behind the root idea of camera's invention.. but I didn't know about his hard work behind this . Amazing
@@skeletorlikespotatoes7846 he discovered the principle behind these camera (which existed since antiquity and also in nature). He explained the reason for formation of inverted image using modern steps of scientific method namely observation, hypothesis, experiment,
@@physicsstudent9701 the principle is really basic. This had been described centuries before by Chinese observers. There's nothing technical about the idea. And it had pretty much nothing to do with the development of the actual camera in the 19th century.
@@skeletorlikespotatoes7846 the Chinese philosopher Mozi didn't gave accurate explanation for this. It was ibn al haytham who experimented with lantern and proved his point that light emerges from each point of an object in every direction.
@@physicsstudent9701 he's one example. There's plenty of people who played with this idea. It was not a rare crazy insane or new idea. He may have written down the most clear example (THAT WE HAVE) but the idea is not groundbreaking and did not affect an evolution of the camera.
@@TheEnderPearllol I’ve already seen like 50 comments about this 😂 why don’t you study the history rather then claim everything because it just makes you guys look uneducated
Surely, Newton did get some of his ideas from elsewhere. He is often quoted as saying, "If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants." So he must have been inspires by others who came before him. That being said, as soon as I saw the thumbnail for this video, I knew it was about Ibn al-Haytham. I've been fascinated by the history of science during the Islamic caliphates, for a long time now. Not enough people know about the scientific contributions of the caliphates.
Muslims literally *ruled the world through excellence.* Always remember these two names ***Ibn Sina*** 9th century muslim *Founder of Modern Medicine* 1. Light being a finite wave 2. Objects having their own personal gravity 3. Father of Medicine, (before this point people in the west used chinese type medicine. "So if you look at jupiter you might have excessive bowl movement today") 4.a. Invented numerous medical equipment we use to this day such as *scalpels* etc 4. As if all of that isnt enough. He postulated about the Big Bang (from the Quranic Verse ofc but he brought it to the realm of science and human attempted understanding) The rest of which Im still discovering about him as its a pain to find info on him And ***Ibn Al Haytham*** 9th century muslim 1. ***Founder of Science*** 2. Founder of Optics, refractions, the camera etc 3. *Founder of the unbiased experimentation method* (repeated experiments to get less bias? Thats this guy) 4. He also wrote on Gravity like Ibn Sina Here's the kicker and pin this ** 1687 Isaac Newton (read criminal) Had a copy of Kitab al Manazir Source: Islamic Era Scientists: Muhammed Hamza El-Saba (Professor Engineering) Sept 2021 "Ibn Al Haytham did a whole series of experiments, with darkrooms with pinholes (like camera) and other devices, to prove that Light Rays enter the eye from the outside. And he founded the Theory of Light Refraction and Reflection. This work of Ibn Al Haytham, based on experimental observation in the year 100-" I think they meant 1000, "represents the birth of Scientific experimental method. His approach was translated into Latin and taken up centuries later by Roger Bacon, Francis Bacon, and Galileo.** ___***In 1687, Isaac Newton Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica[1], in which he formulated Newton's laws of motions and Newton's laws of gravity, after centuries of their discovery and publishing, by Islamic era Scientists!"***___ Christians Atheists only thro genocide, colonialism, Nazism, r9pe and cheating in various forms Then stealing Muslim advancements Christians do what they do best At least he had the *audacity* to signage the magnificence "We stand on the shoulders of giants-!" My butt What he means is "We stole your stuff again Muslims" حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ أَبُو الْجَمَاهِرِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كَعْبٍ، أَيُّوبُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّعْدِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ الْمُحَارِبِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " أَنَا زَعِيمٌ بِبَيْتٍ فِي رَبَضِ الْجَنَّةِ لِمَنْ تَرَكَ الْمِرَاءَ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُحِقًّا وَبِبَيْتٍ فِي وَسَطِ الْجَنَّةِ لِمَنْ تَرَكَ الْكَذِبَ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَازِحًا وَبِبَيْتٍ فِي أَعْلَى الْجَنَّةِ لِمَنْ حَسَّنَ خُلُقَهُ " . Narrated AbuUmamah: The Prophet (ﷺ) said: I guarantee a house in the surroundings of Paradise for a man who avoids quarrelling even if he were in the right, a house in the middle of Paradise for a man who avoids lying even if he were joking, and a house in the upper part of Paradise for a man who made his character good. Sunan Abi Dawud 4800 Chapter 8: Regarding good character, Book 43: General Behavior (Kitab Al-Adab) Grade: Hasan (Al-Albani) sunnah.com/abudawud:4800
@@maalikserebryakov ibne sina wasn’t Muslim? 😹 Just google it.he was a devout Muslim Wikipedia says that. . how dare you call him non muslim. It’s hurt right hearing about Muslims golden age?
@@asif8224 I am not a kafir, but yes this man here is right. IBN Sina is considered an disbeliever by many scholars of his era. But his contributions are sure amazing
This man is truly amazing! Al-Hazen; The First True Scientist as Oxford Union calls him in 2010. 🙏 In fact, what I personally believe is that science is not the inheritance of just one nation but all great nations who contributed their part in the development. Be it Indians, Chinese, Greeks, Latins, Muslim Arabs, Europeans. Hats off to everyone! 👍👍👍
@@HARRAPANBALL funny how the word algebra sounds arabic and the inventors name is mohammad alkhwarazmi. maybe we should rewrite history. just cuz indians ivented 0 (zero) which was the greatest thing ever. Forgive the sarcasm but you are kinda in the wrong my friend.
@@Findout_1 no my friend you you need to do some research and stop listening to mainstream I have made a vedio And provided references ... Algebra was indeed made a different stream Indians
What a great episode. So, among all the mad scientists that have existed (and still do), the one who only pretended to be mad set the stage for the scientific method and all true science since his time.
I feel like this topic of "muslims and arabs revolutionized science" has been talked about enough for some people to know that very important innovations came from the arabs, which i appreciate. But its not talked about enough for it to be common knowledge, which it definitely should be. So i appreciate you contributing to this topic, joe. Keep up the good work🤍
Exactly, a direct link is made between the Greek/Roman Civilizations and the Enlightment, totally omitting the contributions of the Arab civilization. Thank you Joe for putting this into light (pun intended 😊).
We (Americans at least) are taught so little that we barely have words to talk about it. "Arab" doesn't cover it, there were people from all over the empire which stretched (at times) from Cordoba to Calcutta. "Middle East" is inherently eurocentric. "Islamic" erases the contributions of other faiths while also failing to give credit to the active efforts by leadership to be a multicultural empire. But you say "Abbasid" to someone and they look at you like you're crazy. 🤷
My father's PHD is on the History of Science and Technology, Dr. Eric G Swedin. I have learned a lot about what differentiates technique versus method, science versus artisan skill. The steam engine was not made by an understanding of thermodynamics, it was made by trial and error by artisans. It was a crude imitation of science but not true science. Its a really interesting topic and a thought train to ride.
to clarify the misconception أبو عَلْي الحَسَن بن الحَسَن بن الهَيْثَم البصري Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham was a medieval mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age from present-day Iraq, ●Born : Jul1,965AD,Basrah,Iraq ●Died:Mar6,1040,Cairo,Egypt
Such a great video. As I a person Bron in Iraq I was taught the history of ibin al haytham and yet learned new things and a new prospective of his story. This is much appreciated since iraq and the rejoin have been through a lot and became a symbol of war and death. It gives hope that the people of that rejoin could be a pioneer of science, math and art like they once were and regain their legacy as a center of invention and discovery since Ibin al Haytham was born in Basra. Iraq and it was under the Islamic empire
@Average man dude no. You need more knowledge as science is growing. If you just have knowledge let say like ibn al haytham in nowadays, it won't be different as the regular high school teenager level of physics. It is undeniable that muslim inventor is amazing at their era, but if you compare today knowledge with their knowledge it wont enough.
@@pad8941 maybe he meant knowledges level. As you can say Ibn Al Haytham had more knowledge compared to other people of that time. So if that user had more knowledge compared to present day people.
@@allee3476 you could say bias cuz I remember watching a lecture in the US 2019 at the time islamophobia/anti arab was rampant so the professor minimized the achievement of ibn and glorified the modern western that played role in the development
Off all people commenting here from all cultures and countries only people from India calling themselves hindus or tanatanis have a problem with this video. Why is this religion so jealous of others?
Because people wrongly acknowledge many Indian contributions as arabic just because that knowledge got to Europe via the middle East. Here also, algebra the word does come from translation of Arabic word but most of contributions to algebra were made in India or Greece. The contributions made by the arabs was itself based on what Indians or Greeks before then contributed, so giving the credit for the entire field of algebra to "them" is factually wrong.
I discovered the Camera Obscura on my own when I was a child. My parents got a new refrigerator and I got the box. I was surprised to see an up-side-down movie projected onto the wall of the inside of the box. It was totally fascinating. I was even able to work out what was going on. Later I saw the camera obscura demonstrated on TV and was delighted to see that I had been right.
@@besmart Maybe it makes what the guy did less impressive, if a child could work it out, even if it was thousands of years later. Makes you wonder though, how many discoveries like this were lost because the person who made them didn't write it down, or considered it unimportant.
@@erictaylor5462in my childhood i also discovered that my eyes see images from different angles and mix them so i can see world in 3d, but i don't think that does make any difference in 3d t.v./picture discovery less impressive.
@@ZizyPvP Yea, that is obvious. What is your point? You discover something, then you write about it and explain it. That is how you get credit. If you discover something and you don't write it down, no one else will know you discovered it.
They invented algebra too......the English reduced the actual word which had a really unique meaning to a boring word like other words in this language. The actual word was " Al jabr ibn muqabala " Which meant competition of equations
I apperciate your coverage of a scientist who lived in era that is usually fotgotten when it comes to science, but remembered when it is about myths and religion.
I learned all of this back in 5th and 6th grade science class. Except change the scientist from Al-Haytham to the more Anglo, Newton. Thank you US education!
Newton contributed more than the entire Persian golden age combined. Don’t get me wrong, lots of science came from the Muslim persians. But Newton was on a different level.
@@maalikserebryakov He build on their work, this is how science works. You could say that the "Internet" contributed the most but without the works of those who started with a telegraph...etc..etc. there would be no internet.
@@lexusrx333 Arab??? Arabs were against any science! they thought science was a kind of magic! so they banned any kind of activity related to science and would call persians the soccers that should be burnt! cuz they(persians) knew more than the book of Quaran.
Great presentation! The moral of the story is, if you want to make ground breaking discoveries you must be locked in a room until you get bored enough to figure something out😁
“I constantly sought knowledge and truth, and it became my belief that for gaining access to the effulgence and closeness to God, there is no better way than that of searching for truth and knowledge.” -Ibn Al Haytham Something we have forgotten in this godless age 😪
@@Fundamental_Islam.I think you have stated a ill informed conclusion that you have reached by yourself , thus not practicing what you are preaching , where I come and reply with a doubt thus trying to practice what you tried to preach , I could be wrong but I am fairly confident about the amount by which I have unintentionally followed the scientific method is more than the op's , if you disagree , I would love that but also love some valid arguments to match the competence . GD
a fun fact, Ibn Al-Haytham called this dark room " Qumrah " which means the closed dark room, it is believed that the word "camera" originated from that word.
@@-k5703 because just like how tartars destroyed libraries and knowledge of Islamic world. Barbaric Muslims led by Bakhtiyar Khalji destroyed great libraries and temples. Including the one in Nalanda which burned for 3 months.
@@0maeWaMou and Arabs were the one who worked on it and spread it throughout the world and an English dude created the computer. So I would say aryabhatta's contribution is crucial but not biggest
@@shutpoet Muslims actually brought development, trade, economic boom and prosperity to India when they ruled it. First empire who ruled the region united as one or else Hindu Lords kept going at wars with each other before Moghuls and hence the region was never united or was never One. You can tell lies but those are not facts. If Muslims were such destroyers then why do you have over 1.4 billion Hindus in India still? You guys need to stop lying
Have you ever learned of Imam Jafar as Sadiq’s contributions to science and education? He alone taught 40 subjects in the first university of 4,000 students in Madina. Among his students are Jabir bin Hayan who is the father of chemistry and Khwarizimi and ibn Sina
I enjoy taking pictures and developing film, and it’s cool how it gives you some intuition about light. A film camera is basically a dark room with a pinhole (Aperture) for the light to go through, and instead of viewing the image on a wall, it projects itself onto a light-sensitive material. In the case of digital cameras, this still applies only instead of using film to capture that image, they use a digital sensor.
"The Scientific Method" is a label we give to an intuitive process. Feel like I would have known this is how to confirm natural laws (gravity, light, etc.) without any schooling, and that someone wrote it down 1000 years ago, doesn't mean that even pre-humans didn't understand how to build basic understanding of the world by linking cause-effect and seeing that things worked consistently if they were repeated under the same conditions. Criticism aside, was a cool bit of non-western history that I'd never heard about.
@@HARRAPANBALL we know that, the indian Muslim mathematician Muhammad son of Musa of Khwarizm (al-khwarizmi).... The man is the most hated person In modern math classes for adding letters into math 🤣🤣🤣
@@HARRAPANBALL khawarzim is not in india nor algebra invented by indians. The word algebra stems from the Arabic word al-jabr, which has its roots in the title of a 9th century manuscript written by the mathematician Al-Khwarizmi.
@@MuhammadIsmail-in6vf no bramagupta invented algebra he is 7the century matamatician He is first one to give general formula for algebraic expressions And introduced Hindu numerals ,fractions,negative numbers,zero,constants and gave first formula for quadriatic equation And gave two solutions for a algebraic equation He gave formulas of Sum of squares of n natural numbers n(n + 1)(2n + 1)/6 and sum of cube of n natural numbers (n(n + 1)/2)2
Awesome video! 😃 Would love to see a couple that next dive into the importance of the peer review / repeated experimentation by others, and also one on the super important experimental mindset of assuming the null hypothesis. Love this channel!
Sir Isaac Newton, the famous English scientist, once said, “If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.” Of course, Newton wasn't literally standing on the shoulders of giants. Newton was explaining that his ideas didn't come from him alone. He relied on the ideas of those who came before him.
This video will serve to be a very important one for a lot of students out there, including me who are in pursuit of science and are striving in the science field. Thank you very much Dr Joe. I'm sharing this with my juniors, seniors and teachers and whoever should listen to this. 🙏🙏
Take both a philosophy, logic, and philosophy of science (which is a course all in itself). As the video says, science isn't just knowing facts, but knowing the nuances that demarcates science from pseudoscience.
I would have liked a mention of Karl Popper and the idea of falsification. I.e. that the way you test a hypothesis is by trying to prove it *wrong*, and that a good scientific theory must be falsifiable.
Aristotle discovered scientific method in his Posterior Analytics and applied as the first science in his biology. Darwin said he was the best biologist. Arabs (Muslims?) were influenced by Aristotle in the 7th-11th centuries. The Lagoon-Armond Leroi Aristotles Philosophy Of Biology-James Lennox
Joe didn't explicitly state it, although it was implied by the animation of the "lanterns test", but such a camera obscura doesn't just invert the image, it also flips it left/right, for exactly the same reason as the inversion.
By the time Ibn-al-Haytham did his experimentation, in India the construction of Virupaksha temple had already started which clearly demonstrates camera obscura
I'm very glad we are finally acknowledging the role played by Islamic scientists and philosophers in the history of human knowledge. Similarly, I look forward to the day when we recognise the pre-eminence of other non-Mediterranean cultures and the sophistication of their methods of investigation (e.g. ancient Indian and Chinese medicine, astronomy, geometry, combinatorics, probability, engineering, chemistry, philosophy of mind etc.). Philosophy did not originate in ancient Greece. It originated independently in Greece AND India AND China AND Egypt AND Africa AND...
I think Chinese philosophy is recognized by the world. Everyone knows or has atleast heard of Confucius, Sun Tzu, Art of War etc… If hindu culture has any written records of this claimed greatness, other than mere extrapolations by RSS/BJP group(which controls hinduism and Hindu society), then please bring it forth. In fact it would be famous by now. Hindu contribution is recognized where due. Also unlike its animosity with the Muslim world, West has had no problem with hindus and treats hinduism with kid gloves. I am sure there are more gems from your culture but if it was really that outstanding then it wouldn’t be unrecognized. I really wish common hindus don’t parrot bjp rss talking points, but they do unfortunately!
@@MSS-nt9ko the problem is not to be trivialised. Having heard vaguely of Sun Tzu shouldn't cut it. Academic philosophy needs to engage substantially with Mozi, Mengzi, Kongfuzi and Chuangzi and what they've actually said in SO many domains of immediate relevance to the world today. Speaking of my own areas of expertise (population ethics, AI, propositional logic and philosophy of causality) there is pitifully little engagement I see in mainstream papers and journals. It is also routine for books to say silly things like "the origins of philosophy can be traced back to Ancient Greece" (literally a textbook a read today). I didn't say Hindu culture, I said Indian. Ancient Indian philosophy includes a vast and incredibly sophisticated treatment of logic, epistemology and axiology by the Buddhists and Jainas, along with "Hindu" schools like Samkhya (which informs much of subsequent Advaita). I suggest we all look past what the BJP/RSS say, since I have zero interest in that. I care about what ancient cognitive philosophers like Panini and Bhartrhari have said, the implications of which we haven't quite understood, because it has largely been ignored in Western academia (there are exceptions like Chomsky who very briefly credits Panini's Asthadhyayi as being the first recorded attempt in history at formulating his theory of generative grammar). I care about what huge Abhidhamma Pitaka says about qualia and how it could inform our urgent study of whether Large Language Models (LLM) experience phenomenology. I personally care about theories of causality and am currently studying how Indian philosophy approaches the topic. They may well have answers to major problems in my field, and I am simply unsatisfied with Kant's attempt to reinvent this wheel millennia later. And the list goes on. This is not to say Indians invented and knew everything. Of course not. I am simply saying that if we are serious as academics, we shouldn't believe only Ancient Greeks produced any work worth studying. Academia is wonderful, but far from perfect. Great ideas routinely go unnoticed for decades and decades until someone points it out. I hope for a brighter future for my fields in Computer Science!
@@MSS-nt9ko by labelling every indian rss/ bjp you are displaying your anti indian bias. he didnt even mention religion still you displaying your hinduism hatred. AS for extremism the worst the hindus have is bjp. as for muslim world the worst cases of extremism are found in likes of isis, taliban. its not a comparison. imagine if someone labelled you to be parrotting isis talking points. that is not cool. disingenuous trolling attempt. if you really dont know how indian buddhist philosophy was appreaciated by central, east, southeast asia. either you are troll else you have severse lack of knowledge.
its common sense that western perspective focuses on cultures in close contact with them i.e. middle east and Mediterranean and ignores farther cultures. theres not even a debate. it also wrongly attributes knowledge which came from further east of india, china to middle east just because europe received it from middle east with no knowledge where it came from.
The way this went full circle was masterful. The way we in the west grow up hearing about newton and Einstein and none of the east guys is a crime, for most of my life they basically didn't exist and had zero contribution in the past.
It's a problem with your school system. I'm Italian and of course, we study the contribution of the Arab Renaissance in preserving Ellinistic material, elaborate on it, and disseminate it in Europe by passing through Spain.
@@leonfrancis3418 oh boy, you have no idea, but 1st answer is right, my education was particularly bad and not the norm. Philosophy is basically a foreign language where i live and medicine is full of hearsay (which is maddening. One of the reasons why im so obssessed with medicine now. You actually touched on 2 of my favorite topics)
Ibn al-Haytham was so dedicated to his research that he tricked a guard, knocked him out, escaped from his cell, then set up some lamps and went back in again.
Excellent video! All those people deserve recognition and credit. Something to think about...the scientific method is actually "built in" to nature. Without the ability to detect/observe, make and remember a choice, and then later learn from a bad choice or repeat a good or better choice, nothing could propagate itself. Plants, animals and early humans have been doing these things since they started to exist (and yes, plants do "behave" by avoiding things that are harmful to them and being attracted to things that are good for their survival, like growing towards sunlight). The earliest humans had to observe what they were hunting, test different techniques, abandon those that didn't work and perfect those that did. Same thing a pack of wolves had to do to survive. Nature is "running experiments" all the time. In that sense, the "scientific method" is as old as nature itself. Thanks for the great video!
And that's another way to say that there is nothing exclusive in it nor is there in 'science' as this video and dominant popular publications, including academic histories, keep repeating.
Science taught us that nature is comprehensible, experiments taught us how to find truths, and the scientific community taught us how to improve from criticism.
I feel bad for Baghdad from their Golden age to worst , just why , at that time , (Baghdad Golden age ), Baghdad was the center of the world in science , literature ، and art , and a give great scientists that change the world like Alkhawarizmi the father of Algebra , and Algorithm
Great story 👌👌👌. Though I'd read about Ibn Al-Hytham, his contribution to Optics, and his Scientific Method, but your presentation made it so interesting to listen to it, refreshing and inviting to think deeply about Science. Thank you. 👍👍👍
@@HARRAPANBALL Number system with base 10, yes, and quite possibly a few things more. Some of them may be in parallel with the others. However, today's Hindutva cohorts claim everything was invented in India. An joker PM, claiming to have a degree that turns out fake, goes to the extent of taking the credit for the invention of Plastic Surgery -- attaching an elephant's head to a human body :) :) :), and internet, and aeroplanes, and many more things ... :) :) :)
"Egyptians and Babylonians would explain everything with myths" Greek also had myths about how the sun rise or how lightning is created. It's interesting that you gave Pythagoras as an example while his Philosophy was learned from his time in Egypt.
I searched on Internet and found that his algebraic work was different from that of Aryabhata and Brahmagupta. He used balancing and reduction which wasn't known to his predecessors. You can confirm this by simple Google search
Years ago (in the 80s I think), I was sitting in the kitchen reading. the house faces north-south and the south wall is a blind wall (without openings of any kind) so the house never receives sunlight inside. it was a house built during the French colonial period. the settler who built it may have feared he would tan and end up looking like the natives. I read while facing the blind wall. I had my back to the door which faced north and on this door hung a dark blue canvas curtain. daylight entered the kitchen through a gap between the wooden door frame and the dark blue canvas curtain. the kitchen walls were painted white. at some point i see shapes and colors on the wall to my right and these colored shapes even seemed to move. it was 3:16 p.m., I remember because I had immediately marked the time on a piece of paper. I saw that it was happening at the very place where the light coming from outside hit the wall and each movement of the curtain blurred the reflection on the wall. and the more I prevented the curtain from moving, the sharper the image. it wasn't until I left the kitchen to go to the common courtyard of the building that I finally realized that what I saw on the wall was in fact a reflection of the neighbour's laundry drying in the sun. this laundry was hanging on a wire to my right (so to the east). moreover the reflection was upside down. that was before I read anything about Ibn Al Haytham (a friend's son is called Haytham) and the history of the darkroom (camera).
If you want to know more, you could search up Muslim Golden Ave Without them the knowledge of the ancient classics would not have survived, and Europe wouldn't achieve tons of scientific breakthrough
@@abirbinhabib7669 L this is real muslim science. propet muhammad discovered how the seasons work 1400 years ago. subhan allah: “Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The (Hell) Fire complained to its Lord saying, 'O my Lord! My different parts eat up each other.' So, He allowed it to take two breaths, one in the winter and the other in summer, and this is the reason for the severe heat and the bitter cold you find (in weather). *[ Sahih al Bukhari 3260 ]* masha allah. 😂😂😂
@@maalikserebryakov "Baydawi (1319) argues that the point of such comparisons is to remind people of the hereafter. He holds that beautiful things of this life give insight into the comfort and happiness of Paradise, and causes people to incline towards and want it. In the same vein, the difficult, painful and harmful aspects of this life are a sample of the horrors of the fire and its punishment. This causes people to fear it, and to hold back from anything that could lead them to it. Severe heat and severe cold - that people stay away from in this life - should therefore remind people of the punishment of the fire, some of which will be in the form of both, and cause them to attempt to stay away from it as well."
Ibn al haytham is just one among thousands of genius minds that lived in the muslim world thanks to whom we now know the way the world works. Many of them were inspired by plato and arestotle.
#besmart he did build that dam though.......its the Egypt's Aswan dam. The oldest known dam which also is still operational. He did the recce and chose that location as being more suitable for dam building as well. Also btw he did build optics too, not just worked/research abt them. He used that usual sand baking method to build lenses. Concave/Convex lenses were also his inventions. You didn't divulged deep into his works just relieved on only 1 book. He has written a lot more books too on the subject. His work was also used in those binoculars those North African pirates used in Mediterranean later aka renegades for example......Also those ancient Muslim Scholars of astronomy also used to study stars/star gazing, and planets used to do so by early telescopes which were also build using his books and works in the field.
6:10 reminds me of that one guy who jumped from the tallest tower so he could fly using his wing contraption.... man was a madlad only breaking some bones on the way down cuz he forgot one key thing, the tail 💀
imagine turning away from a project that at the time seems massive and undoable, believing you could lose your head, just to be have your biggest revelation in the aftermath of rejecting it. It seems like if you're meant to be great, you'll always find greatness
I've heard about a Latin translation of an Arabic book on optics kicking around Italy a little before those Italians started drawing and painting in rigorous perspective. Wonder if it's related...
Indeed, for example, I was reading a couple of days ago about how Fibonacci brought the modern number system to Europe after visiting northern Africa and studying there. Of course, the "Arab" numerals we them too taken from another civilization, in India. People keep representing the Middle Ages full of ignorant people, and magically Europeans became geniuses during the Renaissance ROFL
@@antoniousai1989 india number system looked a lot different to what the Arabs did with them. Plus the Indians didn’t use decimal space or do anything with algebra literally the west used Muslim medical books to develop there own. Scientific method created by Muslims ect
@@supremercommonder the medical books of the Muslims came from the work of people like Galen or Ippocratis. I can respect the fact they understood the value of people that came before them but don't disrespect them by spreading historical falsities. The Arabs were a nomadic tribe and there were civilizations building complex architectural structures when they were still herding sheep in the Arabic desert. They did not start ALL of their cultural knowledge. Also, the Sanskrit numerals are basically the same. I don't know where you got your info. The scientific method relies on mathematics. The first one to say that you make science only when you measure with numbers things was Galileo, everything before him was highly qualitative, not quantitative, and so, not scientific by any standard.
As a graduate of Roger Bacon High School (a Franciscan high school in Cincinnati, OH), I was ecastatic to hear your mention of Roger Bacon's role in the development of the scientific method. We knew that the scientific method didn't exactly begin with Francis Bacon and that Roger Bacon's (no relation to Francis Bacon, apparently - no six degrees of separation even to Kevin Bacon?) had all but been forgotten. Yet, I was also delighted to hear your even more complete history of the development of the scientific method! Thank you!
The first quantitative estimate of the speed of light is seen in Indian vedic scholar Sayana's commentary on the Rigveda, one of the main Hindu scriptures. It says sun light travels 2202 Yojanas in a half Nimesa.
Should have mentioned Francis Bacon as well. Without him, modern science wouldn't exist. In Europe at least, Francis Bacon was equally as influential as al-Haytham
The Islamic Golden Age is one of the most important moments in history that is often forgotten because Europeans didn't want Muslims to be recognised for their efforts.
2:47 - _In a camera obscura, the image projected from the outside world is flipped upside down, which must have looked pretty strange to somebody a thousand years ago. In fact, it looks pretty strange today too._ Indeed.
when we were little kid age 8 to 9 we used to use empty canes with a hole on the can side and apiece of white paper inside the can as screen to catch the light that goes through the hole and our friend jump and play in front of the can while one of us look inside the can covering our head with some clothing and you see the kids on that paper as tv screen is ,that is in the 1960s
I made a camera obscura with my uncle out of his bedroom using a piece of roofing tar paper over the window. We then used a pinhole camera inside the room to capture the image from the walls.
People also do not know, that people like Ibne Haythem did not happen by accident. There is a single line that propelled them to seek knowledge - "Go to China, if need be, to seek knowledge" and that the "Lord, Taught you by the Pen". I will let others explore the roots of where these words came from. Also, the first modern University was created in the City of Madina by a man called Ali bin Husain in the early 700s AD, which grew to have 4,000 students by the time his grandson took over whose name was - Ja'far bin Mohammad, the teacher of Ibn-e-Haytham, Ibn-e-Hayyan and other brilliant students.
Francis Bacon made major improvements over the work of Ibn al-Haytham(Alhazen), and Karl Popper made major improvements of Francis Bacon. The scientific method is always being refined and improved. Going way back, Ibn al-Haytham made improvements over the Scientific Method of John Philoponus
Ancient Indians hardly invented anything 'Original'. Everything they claim to have invented like zero, trigonometry, Algebra was actually invented 1000 years before Indians by babylonians, ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians
@@physicsstudent9701 As a 'physics student' shouldn't you provide claims of your words. I really like how slowly and slowly even zero and trignometry is being taken away from us and being posted as inventions of babylonians. Similar to how Yoga will become in next 100 years to have came from Europeans lol
@@kunalrao2134 Source Otto Neugebauer (1975). A history of ancient mathematical astronomy. 1. Springer-Verlag. p. 744. ISBN 978-3-540-06995-9. : Struik, Dirk J. (1987). A Concise History of Mathematics. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-60255-4. : Victor J. Katz, Bill Barton; Barton, Bill (October 2007). "Stages in the History of Algebra with Implications for Teaching". Educational Studies in Mathematics. 66 (2): 185-201 [192]. doi:10.1007/s10649-006-9023-7. S2CID 120363574. : Christianidis, Jean (August 2007). "The way of Diophantus: Some clarifications on Diophantus' method of solution". Historia Mathematica. 34 (3): 289-305. doi:10.1016/j.hm.2006.10.003
Thanks so much for uncovering this hidden truth. I now wish that Science and Math classes in the West, especially in the UK, where I live, would let students know this truth also. Make it part of the curriculum!
Ibn al-Haytham in his work "Doubts concerning Ptolemy" : ".. The seeker after the truth is not one who studies the writings of the ancients and, following his natural disposition, puts his trust in them, but rather the one who suspects his faith in them and questions what he gathers from them, the one who submits to argument and demonstration, and not to the sayings of a human being whose nature is fraught with all kinds of imperfection and deficiency. Thus the duty of the man who investigates the writings of scientists, if learning the truth is his goal, is to make himself an enemy of all that he reads, and, applying his mind to the core and margins of its content, attack it from every side. He should also suspect himself as he performs his critical examination of it, so that he may avoid falling into either prejudice or leniency." This guy is a champion of scientific skepticism ! It feels weird that he is not an agnostic atheist. May be cognitive dissonance or because it was dangerous to question the faith of theism.
One more thing you did not mention on Ibn Al Haytham is that he was the inventor of the term "critical thinking". That term first appear in the literature in Ibn Al Haytham book criticising Ptolmy's scientific method; I dont remember the title of that book now.
Science described as being the enemy of facts is a great perspective, we are always trying to disprove our knowledge so that we know it’s true, and we never give something absolute certainty
Also great names in the golden Islamic era have changed the history of scince and philosophy such as al-Biruni, al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, al-Ma'arri, Ibn Hayyan, Rumi, Ibn al-Nafis and lodes more...
Unfortunately, the Europeans fail to acknowledge or deliberately ignore the fact that Middle East was merely a bridge between Ancient Indian knowledge to the western world. Maths and science have been in practice centuries perhaps milliniums before in India than the said period here. A simple fact that the modern numbers we use are of Indian origin but termed as Indo-Arabic by the west (Europe, which in the modern geography is actually makes itself the center) proves the deliberate demeriting of many Indian origin inventions.
Others already pointed out, that most of these "Arab" scientists were actually Persian and forced to write in Arabic and become Muslim. Also Algebra was probably invented in Ancient Babylon, according to Wikipedia. Arabs basically had to conquer all these places to get the knowledge from them. It took them 200 years to be organized enough to write down their religious scriptures.
They kept grilling it into us. Elementary school, middle school, even a little in high school. Each time as if it were the first. For me it felt like isn't this the obvious ideal way in an ideal world????????? It was ridiculous.
In 1929 Heisenberg spent some time in India He began to see that the recognition of relativity, interconnectedness, and impermanence as fundamental aspects of physical reality, which had been so difficult for himself and his fellow physicists, was the very basis of the Indian spiritual traditions.” The ancient Hindu texts known as The Vedas possess elements common to both quantum physics and the concept of Synchronicity. Why? Ancient Hindu Texts Teaching Quantum Physics: The Vedas and The Upanishad “The access to the Vedas is the greatest privilege this century may claim over all previous centuries.”
science is wonderful. By the way, I have difficulty communicating because I had a stroke in Broca’s area, the part of the brain that controls speech. 2/8/2021 but I lived again. (My wife helped me compose this.)
Abu Ali al-Hasan bin al-Hasan bin al-Haytham al-Basri (354 AH / 965 AD - 430 AH / 1040 AD) an encyclopedic[5] Arab[6][7][8][9][10] Muslim scholar who made significant contributions to mathematics, optics, physics and astronomy Engineering, ophthalmology, scientific philosophy, visual perception, and science in general, with his experiments that he conducted using the scientific method, and he has many scientific publications and discoveries confirmed by modern science. Born c. 965 (about 354 AH) [1] Basra, Buyid Emirate in Iraq
@@ETS186 Doing a single, one-off study with results that are not independently reproduced (or not attempted to be reproduced), is actually contrary to the scientific method.
Most consider Aristotle as the first scientist - in an absolute sense. In the fourth century B.C., Aristotle gave unprecedented theories and developed ideas that shape scientific logic and observation as we know it today
@@afiffarhati4580 that could be very well true. I was more getting at the general conflict between church/organized religion and the scientific community when they generally reject or dismiss new scientific discoveries in lieu of their own religious texts. But again, you are probably right with that particular example.
@@afiffarhati4580 those books were saved,reviewed, tried and improved by the Muslim empire from which European churches stole those books during the crusades and still kept them hidden till few priests got interested and then got jailed/beheaded for using “Muslim knowledge”
