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The Ghana Empire (Wagadu) - Africa's Land of Gold 

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The Empire of Wagadu (Ouagadou), more commonly known as the Ghana Empire, was a powerful state in the Medieval Sahel of West Africa, and one of the earliest in written record. With origins in antiquity and a reputation for wealth and glory in contemporary sources, it has long been an icon of Black history, though today it tends to be overshadowed by the later Mali Empire.
This video is part of Untold Black History, a collaboration organized by Jabari from From Nothing with the intention of shedding light on the history of Africans and the African diaspora. Check out the full playlist here:
• Untold Black History
Special thanks to‪@schrodingersmoose‬ for providing the voice of al-Bakri, ‪@KenKwameWrites‬ for providing the voice of al-Zūhri, and ‪@MostlyMiSinging‬ for providing the collaboration theme!
Maps based on this video: • The History of Ghana, ...
Sources:
Bennison, Amira K. “The Almoravids: Striving in the Path of God.” In The Almoravid and Almohad Empires, 24-61. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j....
Burkhalter, Sheryl L. “Listening for Silences in Almoravid History: Another Reading of ‘The Conquest That Never Was.’” History in Africa 19 (1992): 103-31. doi.org/10.2307/3171996.
Conrad, David, and Humphrey Fisher. “The Conquest That Never Was: Ghana and the Almoravids, 1076. I. The External Arabic Sources.” History in Africa 9 (1982): 21-59. doi.org/10.2307/3171598.
D'Andrea, A.C., Casey, J. Pearl Millet and Kintampo Subsistence. African Archaeological Review 19, 147-173 (2002). doi.org/10.1023/A:1016518919072
Ehret, Christopher. The Civilizations of Africa a History to 1800. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2016.
Gomez, Michael. African Dominion: A New History of Empire in Early and Medieval West Africa. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019.
Hopkins, J.F.P, and Nehemia Levtzion. Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History. Cambridge , England: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
Kevin McDonald, Robert Vernet, Dorian Fuller and James Woodhouse, "New Light on the Tichitt Tradition" A Preliminary Report on Survey and Excavation at Dhar Nema," pp. 78-80.
Mauny, Raymond. “Campagne De Fouilles à Koumbi Saleh .” Bibliotheque Numerique sur la Mauritanie, 1951. web.archive.org/web/201107262....
Mauny, R. A. “The Question of Ghana.” Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 24, no. 3 (1954): 200-213. doi.org/10.2307/1156424.
McDougall, E. Ann. Review of Research in Saharan History, by James L. A. Webb Jr. The Journal of African History 39, no. 3 (1998): 467-80. www.jstor.org/stable/183363.
McIntosh, Susan Keech. “A Reconsideration of Wangara/Palolus, Island of Gold.” The Journal of African History 22, no. 2 (1981): 145-58. doi:10.1017/S002185370001937X.
Munson, Patrick J. “Archaeology and the Prehistoric Origins of the Ghana Empire.” The Journal of African History 21, no. 4 (1980): 457-66. www.jstor.org/stable/182004.
“State Building in Ancient West Africa: From the Tichitt Neolithic Civilization to the Empire of Ghana (2,200BC-1250AD.).” State building in ancient west Africa: from the Tichitt Neolithic civilization to the empire of Ghana (2,200BC-1250AD). African History Extra, March 27, 2022. isaacsamuel.substack.com/p/st....
00:00 Introduction
01:01 The Basics of Wagadu
01:55 The Sahel
03:13 The Salt-Gold Trade
05:15 Government in Wagadu
06:52 The Capital
09:21 Archaeology
11:55 Religion
14:55 Islam in Wagadu
17:06 The Almoravids
21:14 Decline and Fall
22:53 Conclusion
Twitter: / somas_academy

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30 июн 2024

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Комментарии : 183   
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
This video is part of Untold Black History, a collaboration intended to shed light on the history of Africans and the African diaspora. Check out the full playlist here: ru-vid.com/group/PLivC9TMdGnL93RMFHi6DnoJP_tYYXqQbR Special thanks to @schrodingersmoose for providing the voice of al-Bakri, @KenKwameWrites for providing the voice of al-Zūhri, and to @MostlyMiSinging for providing the collaboration theme! Their channels can be found here: MostlyMiSinging: ru-vid.com/show-UCMZ0SXd9OQ_M5sw1oHsu0ew Schrodinger's Moose: www.youtube.com/@schrodingersmoose Ken Kwame: ru-vid.com/show-UChkErBP823aJbf1awvOu84A
@FromNothing
@FromNothing Год назад
Another gem of a video just like the one in the last collab. Thanks for joining me again and contributing this masterpiece! I love seen the cumulative knowledge from the community manifested in the maps as well as new and independent research conducted by you. Well done!
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Thank you, and thanks for organizing the collab!
@EnterAdman
@EnterAdman Год назад
Fantastic video. The attention you pay to West African history is both unparalleled and appreciated!
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Thank you!
@asadsillah1437
@asadsillah1437 Год назад
This is my people soninke people today you can find us only in few countries like mali gambia senegal and Mauritania but we do travel all over the world to find this money 💰 🤑 so we still got the love for the cash and we still Muslims we are ethnic that has no other blieve but Islam
@ryanziller220
@ryanziller220 2 месяца назад
Can you seriously pride yourself on being firstly colonized by Muslims. Not unless you are actually the descendants of an Arabian invader? I don't know that you know anything about the facts in regards to the collapse of the Wagadu or Soninke Kingdom along with the Malian Kingdom. If you are yet another lying half-breed or European then no such Empire existed. No Native Africans invaded Europe. You are still the problem. If you are native then you should learn to speak.
@kelsonlewis9252
@kelsonlewis9252 Месяц назад
Found your channel trying to find pre-colonial history vids about the African continent! I watched a video by Economics Explained and immediately saw ommissions and inaccuracies. (Bringing up Mobutu but completely failing to mention Lumumba and how he was assassinated with CIA involvement). Then I saw your critique of an Economics Explained vid. Awesome stuff. Sick of the colonial version of events.
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Месяц назад
Thank you! I plan to cover a lot more pre-colonial African history in the future, so stay tuned!
@yvonnetaylor
@yvonnetaylor 5 месяцев назад
The more reason why Nkrumah adopted the name Ghana so that it will always be remembered in akan history that their ancestors originated from old Ghana empire
@bezalxxl9753
@bezalxxl9753 2 месяца назад
Indeed. How both bury their kings are too similar to ignore. Even the style of dressing and courtship are similar.
@sarauniyaGH
@sarauniyaGH Месяц назад
That's not true.. Akan people didn't even originate from the Ghana empire. The people of the Ghana empire were Soninke people of the Mandé group in present day Mali, Senegal, Mauritania. Akans are not Soninke or even Mandé.
@micayahritchie7158
@micayahritchie7158 Месяц назад
​@@sarauniyaGHsince when do Politicians motivate their plays eith only facts
@RasLesGoldcoastnupe
@RasLesGoldcoastnupe 20 дней назад
@@sarauniyaGHyou’re wrong, it’s known that akans are Mande and from the empire of mali they ran from mali empire to not convert to Islam. Stop your stupidity
@myztroogeegibson3568
@myztroogeegibson3568 19 дней назад
​@@sarauniyaGH Most tribes in Ghana were not indigenous to the land. Most came as a result of Islamic invasion, farming etc. Most of the tribes in Ghana came from North east and north west of Africa. The first tribe that came from old Ghana empire was the guans, later the gyaman, bonos, adansi, fantes. People of Nzulezu who are Akans have their origin in Mali. Those that came through the west were the Gas, Voltaren and krobos with ancient Hebrew and Kemet culture.
@thefrenchkiwi9435
@thefrenchkiwi9435 Год назад
I've always been curious about this empire since it always appeared on a lot of historical maps, but I could never be bothered to look more into it. This video was great source of information.
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Thank you!
@qus.9617
@qus.9617 Год назад
I didn't realise Wagadu was so influential.
@FromNothing
@FromNothing Год назад
8:45 sounds like Jenne. I've seen many writings about Jenne being surrounded by water depending on the time of year. Still haven't finished watching but I'll comment more after!
@OrvilleScott
@OrvilleScott Год назад
Thank you so much for contributing to this Untold Black History playlist! I feel like I've learned something new today!
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
I'm glad, thank you for watching!
@medievalafrica
@medievalafrica Год назад
Great video. Love the illustrations!
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Thank you!
@Wakobear.
@Wakobear. Год назад
Fascinating.
@CraftDayFriends
@CraftDayFriends Год назад
you always have the most faithfully done stuff about obscure topics that don't get much if any attention on here
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Thank you so much!
@TheFenixFallen
@TheFenixFallen Год назад
Excellent video! You went more into depth than any video I’ve seen on the Ghana Empire. Often times they either focus the basics of Wagadu or mainly mention it and focus on the Mali, or Songhai empire. Again good video. 😄👍
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Thank you! I've noticed that a lot of videos on Wagadu are pretty surface-level, so I did my best to bring something new to the table.
@micahistory
@micahistory Год назад
great overview of this often forgotten history
@anim8dideas849
@anim8dideas849 Год назад
I know your channel is small but thanks for the hard work and for the time spent to make these videos, keep on making these videos!
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Thank you so much!
@hannibalnecros1684
@hannibalnecros1684 Год назад
Wow this was so well done, I learned more about west African history in this one video then i ever learned in school i hope to see more videos like this archaeology is a wonderful thing.🎉
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Thank you! West African history (and African history in general) unfortunately tends to get overlooked in schools, I plan to cover more West African history in future videos to help shine a spotlight on it. If you haven't seen it yet, I also have a video about the Kingdom of Benin on my channel if you'd like to learn about some more West African history!
@sonikku956
@sonikku956 Год назад
This was a pleasant watch Soma, keep up the good work! 👍🏿
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Thank you!
@noahjackson8174
@noahjackson8174 8 месяцев назад
i love learning about these empires, there so much to discover about them.
@theculturedjinni
@theculturedjinni Год назад
Cool I saw this in connection to the other videos regarding African history!
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Thank you for watching!
@theculturedjinni
@theculturedjinni Год назад
@@SomasAcademy You make good content! 👍
@johnmonteiro5825
@johnmonteiro5825 5 месяцев назад
Another excellent video
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy 5 месяцев назад
Thanks!
@reiseimperadores
@reiseimperadores Год назад
Very good, thanks you
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Thanks for watching!
@KhadijahMusa-ow1wc
@KhadijahMusa-ow1wc 2 месяца назад
Interesting love it
@redspiritmask
@redspiritmask Год назад
There is also a story of a multi-headed snake in an East African legend. Its been years since I read it but I think it was titled Rubiya.
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Interesting! I wish there was more comparative religion material on Africa, I've heard a bunch of examples of stories with similar characteristics between different African cultures, but no solid investigation into these similarities.
@deshawnmoore1731
@deshawnmoore1731 Год назад
Great Video as always And @12:45 just a small tidbit/Factoid, Serpent worship is also seen in Diaspora Religions such as Voodoo
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Thank you!
@Liliphant_
@Liliphant_ Год назад
Let's go
@Buurba_Jolof
@Buurba_Jolof Год назад
Great video. I hope videos about the Jafunu kingdom, Mali and Songhay empires etc.
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Mali and Songhai are on the list, but I'm not familiar with the Jafuna Kingdom, could you tell me a bit about them?
@Buurba_Jolof
@Buurba_Jolof Год назад
@@SomasAcademy Jafunu is a Soninké state like Wagadou and which emerged after him and became very powerful even more powerful than the declining Almoravids. An author in Arabic, a slave of Byzantine origin by the name of Yaqut al Hamawi wrote a book Mu'jam al-Buldan (= dictionary of countries) around 1224. He is our source about the Jafunu. The King of Diafounou on his way to Mecca probably towards the end of the 11th and the beginning of the 12th century was passing through Marrakech, capital of the Almoravid empire. The Lemtouna traders were the main customers of the Diafounou traders and at that time they depended on the Sudanese states because they were weakened by internal struggles and quarrels between Saharan Berbers to such an extent that the Lemtouna had to accept the status of vassals of the Diafounou Kingdom. This explains the respect with which the King was received and the humility of Prince Almoravid in front of him who greets him on foot while the King of Jafunu enters his palace on horseback. Historian Tadeusz Lewicki wrote an article in French available in Persée.fr which is called "the kingdom of Zāfūn, an unknown medieval Sudanese state."
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
@@Buurba_Jolof Interesting stuff, I'll definitely put Jafuna/Diafounou/Zafun on my list and look into it further after I've improved my French skills, it seems like an underdiscussed topic.
@Buurba_Jolof
@Buurba_Jolof Год назад
@@SomasAcademy If I have more time I will translate it for you
@laconnaissance6273
@laconnaissance6273 11 месяцев назад
@@SomasAcademy Zafunu was sonnike state like Wagadu, located in Mali.According to an eyewitness account recorded by Al Yaqut this state would have dominated the Almoravids for a while. it should also be noted that Al zuhri says that the capital of the Almoravids is Ghana, and mention that the elite of Ghaba comes from a Sudanese tribe. All this assumes that Ghana and Zafun were allies of Ghana and that the Almoravids when they became weak, they were forced to become vassals of Ghana
@MsFrancois1
@MsFrancois1 Год назад
Good job. You've made one of the better videos on this subject
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Thank you! I found that most older videos I could find about it were a bit surface-level and tended to repeat the same information, so I tried to bring something new to the table.
@MsFrancois1
@MsFrancois1 Год назад
@@SomasAcademy Yeah, sadly the vast majority of RU-vid content on African history is surface-level or insane Afrocentrists. We need more serious content creators
@MsFrancois1
@MsFrancois1 Год назад
My only suggestion would be to have incorporated some ethnographic sources on the Soninke people today and to try to get your hands on Abdoulaye Bathily's article (very hard to find)
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
@@MsFrancois1 Some ethnographic sources might have been a good idea. I'm not familiar with Bathily, what is the article in question?
@MsFrancois1
@MsFrancois1 Год назад
@@SomasAcademy "A discussion of the traditions of Wagadu with some reference to ancient Ghāna, including of review of oral accounts, Arabic sources and archaeological evidence" but good luck trying to find it. I think a university with a good inter-library loan system might be able to get you a copy
@LassSamou
@LassSamou Месяц назад
The first empire of west Africa was this one ❤, soninkara alive.
@cokedupnormies2651
@cokedupnormies2651 Месяц назад
Next make a video on the Sosso empire!
@ewepeopletv
@ewepeopletv Год назад
Thanks for this interesting video, But please how can I edit or do a video like this
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
The editing software I use is Hitfilm Express. All the editing I do uses simple tools from that; you can find lots of tutorials online showing you how to do different things. Most of my editing just uses three basic features; layering images, making images move/slide, and making images grow or shrink. It takes some practice (if you look at my older videos, you'll see that I've figured out some more tricks over time), but those basic things are how you get started. Before you consider getting Hitfilm Express, I'd suggest searching RU-vid for some tutorials on how to make things move, grow/shrink, etc. with the editing software you currently have, in case it has similar features! Also, I use a lot of images with transparent backgrounds, like whenever you see a person slide onto screen over a map in this video; those images I make with GIMP, which is a free image editing software you can also find tutorials for online. I'm glad you enjoyed my video, and best of luck in your own work!
@ewepeopletv
@ewepeopletv Год назад
@@SomasAcademy wow thank you so much for the Explanation And I really do appreciate 🥰🥰🥰🥰🥰
@hiddenhist
@hiddenhist Год назад
Cool*
@teejay197
@teejay197 Год назад
❤️❤️❤️
@mohammedabass-nu9dp
@mohammedabass-nu9dp 3 месяца назад
Beautiful history of north west Africa 🌍 mauritania
@Artur_M.
@Artur_M. Год назад
It's really a fascinating topic, and your videos always show quality and care for doing proper research. Edit: Also, first! 😁
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Thank you!
@saratmodugu2721
@saratmodugu2721 Год назад
@@SomasAcademy Incredible video that finally puts some nuance on that subject. However, I thought Gao or kawkaw would be bigger (even "subjugating" the sanhaja amazigh): "Then there is the kingdom of the Kawkaw, which is the greatest of the realms of the Sudan, the most important and powerful. All the kingdoms obey its king. Al-Kawkaw is the name of the town. Besides this there are a number of kingdoms of which the rulers pay allegiance to him and acknowledge his sovereignty, although they are kings in their own lands. Among them is the kingdom of al-MRW, which is an extensive realm. Its king has has a town called al-HYA. Also, the kingdom of MURDBH, the kingdom of al-HRBR, the kingdom of Sanhaja, the kingdom of TDHKRYR, the kingdom of the Zayanir, the kingdom of 'RWR, and the kingdom of BQARWT. " - Al-Yaqubi, Tarikh (872-873 AD) And I thought ghana conquered the capital of Gao? (idk if the capital payed tribute or if the Gao king moved his capital)
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
@@saratmodugu2721 You could be right, I largely worked off of the maps presented in From Nothing's mapping video for my own maps, so I couldn't tell you the primary sources for the borders I show. I didn't see anything about Wagadu conquering the capital of Gao in any of the sources I read, so I can't confirm whether or not that happened.
@saratmodugu2721
@saratmodugu2721 Год назад
@@SomasAcademy now that you mention it, i wonder why from nothing ever show ghana conquering Gao on his map
@redwallzyl
@redwallzyl Год назад
@@saratmodugu2721 The source is page 26-27 of African Dominion. Like all events it's one of several possibilities that had to be picked.
@cynthiastanley5938
@cynthiastanley5938 2 месяца назад
Current GHANA 🇬🇭 can be traced back to the Ghana Empire through the Ashanti Kingdom and the rest of Akans. That’s why the leaders named the country GHANA 🇬🇭
@norrisessel5496
@norrisessel5496 День назад
Now that’s explains a lot
@amamansaafriyie
@amamansaafriyie Год назад
You are just describing the Ashante people of Ghana 🇬🇭. How the leader sits in state to settle disputes and also the matrilineal system… Wow And gold was traded with salt?! Who knew?!
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Yes, the same system was also used among the Fante, another group of Akan peoples also focused in modern day Ghana. There's some evidence that the Akan people may have once lived in the Empire of Wagadu before migrating south into modern-day Ghana some time after the empire began to decline, so the similar cultural elements might reflect this connection, although this isn't known with absolute certainty!
@diawaraoussey9091
@diawaraoussey9091 Год назад
Modern Ghana has nothing to the ancient Ghana empire. The similarities of the west African cultures are well known.
@amamansaafriyie
@amamansaafriyie Год назад
@@SomasAcademy we truly are one people even with all the borders. This is a wealth of information! Thank you 🙏🏽
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
@@diawaraoussey9091 As I said, we just don't know for sure. It certainly shouldn't be taken as a given that the people of modern Ghana have roots in the Empire, but it also shouldn't necessarily be dismissed. It's just one possibility.
@Kingoftheimmigrants4646
@Kingoftheimmigrants4646 Год назад
@@diawaraoussey9091 U so but hurt that modern day ghana is said to be part of ancient Ghana 😂 Cry more because the Akans were part of ancient Ghana
@TheHistoryofBiology
@TheHistoryofBiology Год назад
Many animals like birds or squirrels find the shiny objects like gold and silver nuggets or gemstones interesting enough to take to their nest. Just like humans I suppose. I never really wondered why, they don't really have any purpose for survival as far as I understand.
@muhamadoutouray1370
@muhamadoutouray1370 7 месяцев назад
Yes I'm soninke and we still around, since the fall of our Empire we split all around the world, ❤
@bezalxxl9753
@bezalxxl9753 2 месяца назад
Does that mean soninkes are the distant brothers of the Akans?
@Mswaggerful
@Mswaggerful 11 дней назад
Touré here diakhanke ( mandingue )
@HistoryandHeadlines
@HistoryandHeadlines Год назад
Who do you consider the greatest ruler of Ghana?
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Unfortunately we only know a handful of the names of Wagadu's rulers, and little about their reigns, so there's not a lot to go off of in ranking them! However, Al-Bakri spoke highly of a king named Basi, who ruled before Tunka Manin; according to al-Bakri, Basi "led a praiseworthy life on account of his love for justice and friendship for the Muslims," and said that in his old age Basi had gone blind, but concealed this by having his advisors use coded phrases to indicate how he should react when asked to look at things. Not a lot of information, but it's an interesting tidbit!
@HistoryandHeadlines
@HistoryandHeadlines Год назад
@@SomasAcademy Thank you for replying!
@khadijadia1750
@khadijadia1750 5 месяцев назад
I think dinga cisse the founder or tunka manin the diplomat
@cokedupnormies2651
@cokedupnormies2651 Месяц назад
In both Koumbi Saleh and the Moplah we see the same thing. Come as traders, then convert the whole town and distort local traditions. It's actually crazy how much ideology can drive people to get the same results in several places across geography. We should learn the good and reject the bad from this all.
@myztroogeegibson3568
@myztroogeegibson3568 19 дней назад
Akan tribe of of Morden day Ghana and ivory Coast fled down to the coastal forest belt from Arab invasions.
@caesarmatty
@caesarmatty Год назад
You flash the text WAY TOO FAST. I would like to read it, but It means I have to pause constantly, which makes a 24 minute video into something more like a 40 minute video and is extremely annoying. Your content is great, and eventually your channel will get big, but please stop doing that with the text.
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Most of the text I display in this video is not strictly important to read - like the screenshots from Conrad and Fisher's paper, which I largely included just because I didn't have any better visuals (I summarize all the important information in the script). I'll definitely keep this comment in mind for future videos though, thank you for your feedback and I'm glad you mostly enjoy my content!
@DanielMartins-rg2ff
@DanielMartins-rg2ff Месяц назад
15:33 This is funny because Ibn Battuta centuries later does exactly that: bow to the king and put some dust on his face. And many centuries later european travellers did the same on the further kingdom of Kaabu, so this tradition was widespread and indicate common cultural origins or most probably indicate how much the big ones (Ghana, Mali) influenced their vassals.
@Hfil66
@Hfil66 2 месяца назад
I would have thought one reason for the introduction of Islam is the introduction of writing. Much as in central and northern Europe, the power on the Christian church lay to a substantial extent in the usefulness of the clergy as civil servants, through their literacy useful for record keeping and diplomatic communications with far away lands, so too I would imagine that Muslim clerics could have served a similar role in the empires of West Africa.
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy 2 месяца назад
I couldn't tell you for sure, but that seems like a very plausible explanation as to why the Ghana would favor Muslim ministers and treasury officials even while continuing to practice local religion himself.
@modoulaminsagnia2340
@modoulaminsagnia2340 Год назад
There where two kombi salleh one is the economic capital and the other is where the kings live but is not known or opened to strangers
@qus.9617
@qus.9617 Год назад
Has anyone played The Wagadu Chronicles?
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Isn't it still in development?
@qus.9617
@qus.9617 Год назад
@@SomasAcademy oh okay.
@vaktus3380
@vaktus3380 Год назад
You didnt reflect Sheryl Burkhalters stronger counter arguments properly, was very vague with her while you went into details with fishers works as if they had the stronger arguments.
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
My greater coverage of Conrad and Fisher is the result of me reading their work earlier in the script-writing process, and the fact that their work counters a narrative I frequently saw taken for granted during my research; I didn't have the time to do a similar summary of Burkhalter's points, but mentioned her by name just so that the audience would have a place to start if they wanted to look into the specific counterarguments against Conrad and Fisher.
@vaktus3380
@vaktus3380 Год назад
@@SomasAcademy That’s the point you covered the counter to the traditional narrative very well, but the most conclusive works to date have been mostly ignored. A laymen watching this video would feel it’s very disputed and inconclusive when Fisher just has limitations in his understanding of the Arabic language and instead resorted to a standard not held to any other campaign in west Africa, a question of archeology as if the almoravids would have had to destroy everything
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
@@vaktus3380 At the end of the day it IS disputed, and Burkhalter's response to Conrad and Fisher isn't the final word as you seem to suggest, just one argument. I ran the first draft of my script by a friend who focuses on the Sahel and took his comments into account, and in this case he noted that Burkhalter wasn't a specialist in a relevant field and pointed me to Bennison. That's the best I can do.
@vaktus3380
@vaktus3380 Год назад
@@SomasAcademy everything is disputed, it’s about measuring the evidences and claims against one another. You presented this video as if Fishers work is the stronger conclusion while brushing Burkhalter who actually knows the Arabic language. The mistakes Fisher made were very embarrassing from basic Arabic structure and it’s clear that there was a pre conceived bias to make it appear a fable when the Arabic sources are clear. You could try to do the reading instead of dismissing work don’t by someone who actually bothered learning the language of the original texts
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
@@vaktus3380 Again, I'm not a specialist in the Sahel, I'm not qualified to that weighing; I can just repeat what I've read and been told by scholars in relevant fields. I didn't see anything about Fisher and Conrad (who I'm not sure why you keep omitting) being unable to read Arabic; if that's the case then that's fairly damning, but I didn't see anything in my research to lead me to that conclusion (unless you're being hyperbolic about Burkhalter's grammatical criticisms of their readings). I did my best to illustrate the fact that Fisher and Conrad's conclusions have been contested and don't represent the final word, that's why I pointed to Burkhalter and Bennison. I'm sorry I didn't cover Burkhalter's arguments in the same level of detail, I already told you why.
@cokedupnormies2651
@cokedupnormies2651 Месяц назад
Bring back Wagadu paganism 🔥🔥🔥🔥
@Toatl-ub8sz
@Toatl-ub8sz 7 месяцев назад
Egypt also used to believe in 🐍snake which is the proof of their Egyptian origin. Number two, the name (sonin+ke) the suffix kè=inhabitant of (asuani) asuani is precisely where we are originated from.
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy 7 месяцев назад
...The Old Norse, Ancient Greeks, and Hindus also all believed in giant snakes, so by the same logic one could claim the Soninke had origins in Scandinavia, Greece, or India. And the suffix "ke" does not mean "inhabitant of" in Egyptian.
@RPNDWORLDWIDE
@RPNDWORLDWIDE Год назад
Awaggadun empire has an antiquity which goes back 15000 BC
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
Source?
@RPNDWORLDWIDE
@RPNDWORLDWIDE Год назад
@@SomasAcademy books that only exist in the hearts and minds if the great African griots of whom I had great access to one.
@RPNDWORLDWIDE
@RPNDWORLDWIDE Год назад
@@SomasAcademy it is mythical speculation like most antiquated history.
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
@@RPNDWORLDWIDE Okay so you heard it from some guy who was making a guess, got it.
@RPNDWORLDWIDE
@RPNDWORLDWIDE Год назад
@@SomasAcademy I'm African. Griots are ancient historical reference in African communities. You got it now.
@Sikhou999
@Sikhou999 Месяц назад
Soma means eldest son in Soninke language.
@Abstract.Noir414
@Abstract.Noir414 Месяц назад
GHANA, MALI, SONGHAY
@adamasakho9019
@adamasakho9019 11 месяцев назад
Translate to french please
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy 11 месяцев назад
I don't speak French, but I can google translate the transcript into French to add French subtitles. Is that what you mean?
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy 11 месяцев назад
Okay, I've now added auto-translated French subtitles, hopefully they're accurate!
@jahmight6279
@jahmight6279 22 дня назад
This is a name of those that migrated out of the area into present day Ghana. The tribes the were in Wagadu are todays Akan, Ewes and the GaDanbes….the very ppl of todays Ghana. Please research what the present day ppl say about their history.
@myztroogeegibson3568
@myztroogeegibson3568 19 дней назад
Not the ewes and Ga people, they migrated from the north east Africa with major similarities of ancient Hebrew culture.
@princeowusu3561
@princeowusu3561 Год назад
Thats where our forefathers came from to present day Ghana after the fall of the empire. They moved from Israel to Egypt ,southern egypt to old Ghana Empire before settling in modern Ghana land
@MrSivram28
@MrSivram28 Год назад
Your forefathers did not come from Ghana Empire. Stop stealing the history and culture of others. Nkrumah appropriated the name "Ghana" for your country. That's it.
@myztroogeegibson3568
@myztroogeegibson3568 Год назад
​@@MrSivram28some Ivorian and Ghanaian tribes like the ancient Akan tribe of Begho now know as Bono people among the first settlers in Ghana came from there. other people from the northern part of Ghana like Dagombas of Moshi tribe also largely found in Burkina Faso. Tribes like the Nzulezu people of Ghana also trace their origin from Mali as other trace their roots from Gao /Kawkaw in the Ancient stone age era. Most tribes came to Ghana in avoidance of Arab invasion
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
There actually is a legitimate hypothesis that the Akan originated in the Wagadu Empire before migrating south. However, narratives of Israelite or Egyptian origins stem from unfounded colonial era claims which sought to deny the indigenous origins of great West African civilizations.
@MrSivram28
@MrSivram28 Год назад
@@SomasAcademy there is no connection between modern Ghana and ancient Ghana. Nkrumah appropriated the name
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
@@MrSivram28 As I said in my comment and in a written note in the video, there may be a genuine connection, although this isn't known for certain; it's just a hypothesis. But yes, the main reason the name was chosen for the modern state of Ghana was just because it was a historically significant name, not because of a percieved direct connection.
@akhonambalula9436
@akhonambalula9436 Год назад
Nok civilization is earliest civilization in west africa
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Год назад
The Tichitt culture emerged around 2200 BCE, while the Nok culture emerged around 1500 BCE, so the Tichitt culture is about 700 years older. The Kintampo complex is also similarly old, though we don't have a firm estimate on exactly when it was founded - we just have an estimate range of 2500-1400 BCE, so it could be older than Tichitt, younger than Nok, or somewhere in between.
@myztroogeegibson3568
@myztroogeegibson3568 19 дней назад
Really what of the Dogon civilization? I believe it's the oldest.
@hedgehog3180
@hedgehog3180 2 месяца назад
Those puppil less drawings look so creepy.
@Personatge
@Personatge Месяц назад
Niger-Congo is tentative at best, and it's validity is far from being proven but great video otherwise
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy Месяц назад
Thank you! Yes, though taken for granted by many scholars including in the sources I drew from, Niger-Congo is not a firmly established language family, but simply a proposed grouping between the better established Atlantic-Congo language family and a collection of languages from in and around the Niger River, including Mande languages like Soninke. I learned this after making this video, because Niger-Congo is so widely discussed that I never realized it wasn't firmly established, even though I know some other even less firmly established language family proposals (like Nilo-Saharan, which originated as a wastebasket taxon, and Khoisan, which is widely recognized by linguists to be a completely invalid grouping of languages based on a single shared feature) are also taken for granted in many scholarly sources! At some point I may make a video about Africa's major proposed language families and talk about that, and I intend to avoid referencing "Niger-Congo" without providing some kind of disclaimer or contextualization in the future.
@Tu51ndBl4d3
@Tu51ndBl4d3 Год назад
The Almoravid and Almohads were "black". Regardless of the contention around the physical description of Moors as a whole, the one thing that isn't disputed is whether the Almoravids and Almohads in particular were "black". You can consults "Berbers"/"Amazigh"/whatever you want to call them about the make up of lamtuna, masmuda etc.
@Buurba_Jolof
@Buurba_Jolof Год назад
No Almoravids and almohads were "white" berbers
@akachiikenga617
@akachiikenga617 Год назад
No they wasn't Blood
@croixfadas
@croixfadas Год назад
@@akachiikenga617 they were for sure, they were a coalition of tuareg, toucouleur, and sahaja berbers.
@moderatecanuck
@moderatecanuck Год назад
Why are you erasing Amazigh history?
@croixfadas
@croixfadas Год назад
@@moderatecanuck because its a lie
@afrkleaks4991
@afrkleaks4991 Месяц назад
Worship snake damn liarrr 😮😮😮😢😢😢😢
@icedteacatfish
@icedteacatfish Год назад
we love fortnite we love fortnite
@Moses_VII
@Moses_VII 10 месяцев назад
Mr. Soma, why do you draw yourself to look so much like a woman?
@SomasAcademy
@SomasAcademy 10 месяцев назад
...I just have long hair?
@mohammedabass-nu9dp
@mohammedabass-nu9dp 3 месяца назад
Beautiful history of north west Africa 🌍 mauritania
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