The History of the Huns: Every Year 

To answer a few questions: 1) Yes the Huns invaded Gaul, but my slides show the year at its end. The invasion of gaul in 451 also ended in 451 hence why it’s not shown. 2) Yes there is more evidence that the Huns are related to other Turkic groups but that does not mean they are the same polity as those groups. In terms of when they went from one group to the Huns, that is still a mystery. 3) The Hepthalites aren’t the same as the Huns despite being called a similar name.

-Invades Europe -Forces Germanic Tribes into Roman territory -Refuses to elaborate further -Collapses and dissapears without a trace

At 0:51 capital changes from None/Unknown to Unknown. Does that mean that we know from that point on that they had a capital but we don't know what capital they had?

The Hunnic Empire is the one random character that plays a big role that nobody can seem to remember

"They left just as mysteriously as they arrived..."

“Oh hey hun how was work” “Boring, did raids and the usual.”

It’s like an Anime shonen writter made a poorly written plot device as a plot point to help destroy Rome and just forgot about it by the end

How do you find sources that talk about the borders of the Hunnic Empire every year

Everybody gangsta until the huns arrive

Kinda spooky how they came from nowhere, raised hell, then disappeared, all without anything known about them. Almost like they weren’t even of this world…

Roman empire: damn those huns! Gupta empire: tell me about it.

God really went "rome op plz nerf" and then yeeted the huns out of existence

Considering the region of the Pontic-Caspian Steppe, The balance of power mainly switched from a Turkic people to another Turkic people... in the following order ; Huns, Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, Pechenegs, Cumans, Tatars

I am the son of free people and a member of the kingdom of the Huns. Seljuk Turk Sultan Tuğrul Beğ Source: Abul Farak History, C.1, p.299

"What did they gain" the historians were asking while wiping off their tears. "An uncountable amount of days and nights have passed since the time in which its glory was uncontested. Yet the empire only remains in the hearts of those who see the potential, that was rendered useless by the inexplicable demand for the momentary gain of riches at the expense of others, which the riders on their tamed horses strived after while proving every prejudice of barbarianism the citizens held." Before breaking down under the pressure, originated from the downfall of the well-known order, which was only held back by their long experience in stoicism, the scholars asked again: "What greater prize could they possibly have earned, that could justify the downfall of prosperity and the embracement of suffering as did happen under their short-lived tyranny? Do they think, that the people will remember them in one and a half thousand years and pride themselves on the destruction of Rome? Won't they much rather quietly suppress the feelings of hopelessness and distrust into their own kind which will have arisen from the atrocities committed? How do they think will the peoples of the world remember them, with satisfaction or with regret? Or will history simply want to forget?" I'm no native English speaker so don't be too harsh in your judgement...

Huns was Turkic

Turkic Huns basically destroyed Western Roman Empire Later on Ottomans destroyed Eastern Roman Empire... Ironic

The first Turkic state (talk about asian huns)

Cringe turkish nationalists in the comments always. Turkish people did not exists back then. TURKIC people did but they have little to do with anatolian turks who are an ethnic group with came to be much much later. If huns were TURKIC they still have nothing to do with anatolian TURKISH people.

The huns were... weird, to say the least. Were a massive threat to Rome, but stopped because the pope asked them nicely, Atilla then went home, got married and died for some reason. We Germans meanwhile, who fled all over Rome because of them also kinda seem to have liked them, given how Etzel(Germanised Attilla) is portrayed in the Nibelungen.

Some maps show that Huns had access to the North and Baltic sea

Good choice of music

HUNS ARE TURK: "Several decades of acrimonious dispute by scholars of all nationalities have thrown a great deal of light upon this subject, and at present we find the vast majority of the specialists in this field accepting the dictum of the Chinese dynastic histories that the Huns spoke a Turkish language. In fact it is now generally believed that it was not until many centuries after the fall of the Hunnish Empire that the Mongolian speaking group constituted more than a small minority in the 'Mongolian population.- Incidentally, this conclusion, which is arrived at by purely linguistic reasoning, fits in very well with what we know regarding the racial affinities of the early Huns, inasmuch as it enabled us to believe that these Rims were both “Turks” in nice and “Turkic” in language." *William Montgomery McGovern, “The Early Empires of Central Asia”, p. 99.* “A Hiung-nu nép a népes török nyelvcsaládnak a legkeletibb ága. A iúung-nu nagyhatalom virágzása idejében a lovasnomád népek túlnyomó Tésze ehhez a birodalomhoz tartozik. Különösen figyelmet érdemel, hogy : aimikor a Hiung-nu állam kettészakad, a török népek továbbra is kitartanak mellettük, viszont ekkor a sien-pi, tunguz, o-sun népek szembefordulnak velük. A hűséges török népek csak akkor tántorodnak meg, amikor Elina a Kr. u. I. század végén összehozza a hiung-nuk ellen a nagy koalìciót. Mihelyt azonban a Π. század elején a kìnai expanzió gyengül, az ujgurok már újból ott vannak a hiung-nuk oldalán.” *Szász Béla, “A Hunok Története Attıla Nagykırály”, p. 21* “… Aber wie ich erforscht habe, giebt es viele hiungnuische Wörter, welche beweisen, dass die Hiungnu ein türkischer Stamm waren. Im Folgenden lege ich die Resultate meiner Forschung dar.” *Shiratori Kurakichi, “Über die Sprache des Hiung-nu-Stammes und der Tung-hu-Stämme”, p. 3.* “The Huns coming from still further North put the finishing touches to this process of Turkization.” *Karl Jettmar, “The Karasuk culture and its south-eastern affinities”, Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, p. 122.* “The arrival of the Huns before the turn of the millennium marked a new stage in Siberia's rich cultural development. Probably originating in today's Mongolia, the Huns (like the Pazyryks) lived in yurts, which they carried with them to their pastoral grounds. It is believed that from around 200 BCE some 24 different groups of Huns united and set out across Eurasia, reaching the Lake Baikal region and occupying a sixty-milewide swathe of land beginning on the eastern shore in the Transbaikal, as well as the region around Tuva, Khakassia and the Altai. The Turkic-speaking Huns brought with them new methods of working iron and, being equestrian nomads, were responsible for a more widespread use of saddles in Siberia. A highly effective Hun bow was introduced to Siberia and used for hunting and fighting, and new impetus was given to a Siberian style of art based on the figurative depiction of animals that had been common among the Scyths.” *A. J. Haywood, “Siberia: A Cultural History”, Oxford University Press, p. 6.* “The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu.” *John King Fairbank, Merle Goldman, “China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition”, Harvard University Press, p. 73.* “After the fusion of the A and B sectors, new graves were dug in the west. These graves correspond to a group of genetically linked individuals, since they belong to a single paternal lineage. Interestingly, this paternal lineage has been, at least in part (6 of 7 STRs), found in a present-day Turkish individual. Moreover, the mtDNA sequence shared by four of these paternal relatives (from graves 46, 52, 54, and 57) were also found in a Turkish individuals, suggesting a possible Turkish origin of these ancient specimens. Two other individuals buried in the B sector (graves 61 and 90) were characterized by mtDNA sequences found in Turkish people.These data might reflect the emergence at the end of the necropolis of a Turkish component in the Xiongnu tribe.” *Christine Keyser-Tracqui, Eric Crubézy, Bertrand Ludes, “Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of a 2,000-Year-Old Necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongolia”, American Journal of Human Genetics, p. 259.* “A hun kifejezés elso szavát határozottan fel lehet ismerni; ez a t'ing-li = török tär/ri, tayry, mongol tegri, tenggheri,1 terir(i), terjgri 'ég, isten’ szó, mely tehát nem mond ellent annak a tanulságnak, melyet az európai hun nevek vizsgálatából merítettünk, hogy t. i. a hunok nyelve török.” (p. 140) “E négy nép közül a fehér hunok nem törökök; hozzájuk a hun népnév csak politikai kapcsolat folytán kerülhetett. A másik három nép török. Mármost tekintetbe véve azt, hogy a hun a hunoknak saját nevük, hogy a hun nyelvmaradványok a törökbol fejt- hetok meg, továbbá, hogy a hun ( [x-]), which had two meanings: (1) 'black' and (2) 'great; northern' Spirantization in the initial position (q- > x-)-as well as in the final position seems to be a typical Hunnic phonemic feature. The second element, tön (cf. Turkmen dön), is apparently the Saka loanword in both Hunnic and Turkic: thauna > *taun > tön 'garment, clothing'.” *Omeljan Yósypovych Pritsak, “The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan”, Harvard Ukrainian Studies, s. 437.*

There is no dispute now. We have many Chinese and Roman primary sources about their Turkic origins.

I still find that one theory about the proposed origins of the huns name and their homeland interesting. It goes like this if I remember correctly, the Xiongnu empire that in some older Chinese dialects (Cantonese) Xiongnu was pronounced "Hiongnu", also Cantonese dialect is considered by some to be more similar to Middle Chinese (ancient chinese). So it proposes further that after the downfall of the Xiongnu empire through the Han dynasty. the lets say the "proto Huns" split up from the other nomadic groups and started to move westwards untill they reached the other major european people in the 360's. But still none of the great confederations of steppe warriors was ethnically homogenous, and the same name was used by different groups for reasons of prestige, or by outsiders to describe their lifestyle or geographic origin, So we will never know for sure.

Tribal countries when their last leader dies: "Take me with you master!"

The ‘empire’ might actually be a stream of refugees that fled from Mongolia. Attila is the leader, but likely most of the members of the refugees stream may not even heard about him. It is so decentralized. They were like a tsunami, one water drop(one refugee) is weak, but getting together form a huge wave(a empire). Then after the high tide, ocean get peaceful again, it seems nothing happened.

Btw Indian sources literally called White Huns as Turushka(which means Turk in Sanskrit) they also called other Turks as Turushka like Turk Shahi,Ghaznavids,Ilbaris,Tughlaqs etc.

Let's get down to business!

First Turkic invasion of Byzantium

The Turanid race was said to be connected with the Turkic peoples. It was characteristic of the Onogurs, Huns, Magyars, Pechenegs, Cumans, Ancient Uyghurs, Avars, Kabars, Khazars, the Volga Bulgars (8th-9th cc.) and was one of the composite elements of the ruling strata of the Hungarians at the time of the Conquest.[14][15][16][17][18][19]

It is likely that the Hephthalite Hunnic state contained a core of largely Turkic speaking military elite, which was rapidly being influenced by Iranian and also Indian cultural practices and languages. (The Huns,Hyun Jin Kim-Cambridge University Press) Which finalli brought to a close the long history of the Turkic-speaking Hephthalites. (History of Civilizations of Central Asia-Unesco) The Kushan kingdom fell in its turn to the Turks , who established a khanate in Sogdiana during the fifth century. “Central Asia-Turkestan.” Journeys through the Russian Empire: The Photographic Legacy of Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky, by WILLIAM CRAFT BRUMFIELD, Duke University Press, DURHAM; LONDON, 2020, pp. 413-472. However, in more recent times the theory that they spoke a Turkish language has gained trac-tion. Other scholars such as de la Vaissière, based on a recent reappraisal of the Chinese sources, suggest that the Hephthalites were initially of Turkic origin, and later adopted the Bactrian language, first for administrative purposes, and possibly later as a native language; according to Rezakhani (2017), this thesis is seemingly the "most prominent at present".[59][60][61] [59] Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. p. 135. ISBN 9781474400305. The suggestion that the Hephthalites were originally of Turkic origin and only later adopted Bactrian as their administrative, and possibly native, language (de la Vaissière 2007: 122) seems to be most prominent at present. only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu" [d] La Vaissière (2012: 144-150) pointed out that "[a] recently published seal gives the title of a fifth-century lord of Samarkand as 'king of the Oglar Huns.'" (βαγο ογλαρ(γ)ο - υονανο).[69][70] See the seal and this reading of the inscription in Hans Bakker (2020: 13, note 17), referencing from Sim-Williams (2011: 72-74).[71] "Oglar" is thought to derive from the Turk oǧul-lar > oǧlar "sons; princes" plus an Iranian adjective suffix -g.[72]Alternatively, and less likely, "Oglarg" could correspond to "Walkon", and thus the Alchon Huns, although the seal is closer to Kidarites coin types.[72] Another seal found in the Kashmir reads "ολαρ(γ)ο" (seal AA2.3).[71] The Kashmir seal was published by Grenet, Ur-Rahman, and Sims-Williams (2006:125-127) who compared ολαργο Ularg on the seal to the ethnonym οιλαργανο "people of Wilarg" attested in a Bactrian document written in 629 CE.[73] The style of the sealings is related to the Kidarites, and the title "Kushanshah" is known to have disappeared with the Kidarites.[74] The earliest Chinese source on this encounter, the near-contemporary chronicles of the Northern Wei (Weishu) as quoted in the later Tongdian, reports that they migrated southward from the Altai region circa 360 CE: The Hephthalites are a branch of the Gaoju (高車, "High Carts") or the Da Yuezhi, they originated from the north of the Chinese frontier and came down south from the Jinshan (Altai) mountains [...] This was 80 to 90 years before Emperor Wen(r. 440-465 CE) of the Northern Wei (i.e. circa 360 CE) 嚈噠國，或云高車之別種，或云大月氏之別種。其原出於塞北。自金山而南。[...] 至後魏 文帝時已八九十年矣 - Extract of the Weishuchronicles as copied in Tongdian.[96] The Gaoju (高車 lit. "High Cart"), also known as Tiele,[97] were early Turkic speakers related to the earlier Dingling,[98][99] who were once conquered by the Xiongnu.[100][101] Weishualso mentioned the linguistic and ethnic proximity between the Gaoju and the Xiongnu.[102] La Vaissière proposes that the Hephthalites had originally been one Oghuric-speaking tribe who belonged the Gaoju/Tiele confederation.[103][104][105] This and several later Chinese chronicles also report that the Hephthalites may have originated from the Da Yuezhi, probably because of their settlement in the former Da Yuezhi territory of Bactria.[89]Later Chinese sources become quite confused about the origins of the Hephthalites, and this may be due to their progressive assimilation of Bactrian culture and language once they settled there.[106] Overall, de la Vaissière considers that the Hephthalites were part of the great Hunnicmigrations of the 4th century CE from the Altai region that also reached Europe and that these Huns "were the political, and partly cultural, heirs, of the Xiongnu".[81] Joseph T. Arlinghaus referred to a Syriac chronicle from c. 555 CE, which mentions Khulas, Abdel, and Ephthalite as three of the nomadic tribes from the "lands of the Huns." A recently published seal gives the title of a fifth-century lord of Samarkand as “king of the Oglar Huns." in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-150. 1. M. A. Shaban, "Khurasan at the Time of the Arab Conquest", in Iran and Islam, in memory of Vlademir Minorsky, Edinburgh University Press, (1971), p481; ISBN 0-85224-200-X. 2. ^ David Christian A History of Russia, Inner Asia and Mongolia (Oxford: Basil Blackwell) 1998 p248 3. ^ KURBANOV, AYDOGDY (2010). THE HEPHTHALITES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS (PDF). Berlin: Berlin Freie Universität. p. 14. 4. ^ Adas, Michael (2001). Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History. Temple University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-56639-832-9. 5. ^ Baumer, Christoph (18 April 2018). History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume set. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-83860-868-2. 6. ^ Talbot, Tamara Abelson Rice (Mrs David (1965). Ancient arts of Central Asia. 7. Thames and Hudson. p. 93. The Hephthalites were apparently part of, or offshoots of, people known in India as Hunas or Turushkas,[30] At the beginning of the 5th century, the White Huns - known to the Greeks as the Heph¬thalites and to the In¬dians as the Turu¬shkas - took most of the former Kushan territories from the Sassanids, including Afghanistan. Andre Wink, Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol.1, (Brill, 1996), 115;""The Zunbils of the early Islamic period and the Kabulshahs were almost certainly epigoni of the southern-Hephthalite rulers of Zabul." Zunbil, also written as Zhunbil, was a royal dynasty south of the Hindu Kush in present southern Afghanistan region. They ruled from the early 7th century until the Saffarid conquest in 870 AD.[2] The Zunbil dynasty was founded by Rutbil (Turkic: Iltäbär), the elder brother of the Turk Shahi Tegin Shah, who ruled over a Khalaj Turk-Hephthalite kingdom from his capital in Kabul.[3][4][5] The Zunbils are described as having Turkish troops in their service by Arabic sources like Tarikh al-Tabariand Tarikh-i Sistan.[6] Above all , the Turkish Hephthalites posed a serious threat along the Eastern frontier of the empire. Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals Assistant Professor of History Beate Dignas, Beate Dignas, Engelbert Winter,Cambridge University Press Like Peroz, Kawad (r. 488-496, 499-531) is said to have fled to the “Turkish” qaghan, with whom he stayed for four years. Both the Chronicle of Seert and Procopius 85 identify these “Türks” as Hephthalites. 86 Having already been a hostage of the Hephthalite king Akhshunwar for two years, Kawad sought the military aid needed to overthrow his brother. 87 Returning with a Hephthalite wife 88 and Hephthalite forces, Kawad regained the throne. Potts, D. (2018). Sasanian Iran and Its Northeastern Frontier: Offense, Defense, and Diplomatic Entente. In N. Di Cosmo & M. Maas (Eds.), Empires and Exchanges in Eurasian Late Antiquity: Rome, China, Iran, and the Steppe, ca. 250-750 (pp. 287-301). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316146040.022 There is, as mentioned above, some evidence of the use of Turkish language under the Hephthalites. The name Mihirakula possibly represents a Sanskritization of a Turkish designation mihr-qul “slave of Mithra,” a familiar theophoric formation. The Bactrian documents also attest several Turkish royal titles, though these could also be explained by later Turkish infiltration south of the Oxus. www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hephthalites In their fastnesses dwelt the fierce and predatory Kumijis and Kanjina, and both were probably remnants of pre-Islamic Turkish Hephthalites, as expressly stated by Ḵᵛārazmi (fl. ca. 976-97) for the Kanjina (Bosworth and Clauson, pp. 6, 8-9). iranicaonline.org/articles/kottal-province-of-medieval-islamic-times-in-modern-tajikistan Hepthalites(White Huns,Abdelai,Hayatila,Hua) Inner Asian 'Hunnic' group (or rather dynasty), perhaps of Turkic origin. www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001/acref-9780198662778-e-2200 During the mid-fifth century, mass southward migration of a Turkic tribe from Central Asia known as the Hephthalites (also called Huna or White Huns) invaded Sassanian lands and created a new kingdom (or khanate) that centered on Afghanistan. www.cemml.colostate.edu/cultural/09476/afgh02-09enl.html

Let’s get down to business To defeat.... the huns

In Turkey, mapping videos show Hunnic Empire with wider borders.

0:53 Attila Empire was way much bigger. From the Rhine to the Volga. Greetings from Hungary! If someone interested with Hunnic history, and imagine about who is actually the first incel in the history, i strongly recommend the Slave of the Huns from Geza Gardonyi. This story about a byzantine-greek slave boy and victim of many bullying, named Zeta, who escort his master, Priscos Rhetor to the court of Attila. During this voyage, Zeta fell in love with a hun princess, named Emoke, but his love remains unrequited, because Emoke secret love was Attila.

History of the Goths, please!!

Roman Empire:We are strong💪 Huns and Atilla:Are you sure about that?!

Great Turkic Empire

Thanks for showing our ancestors' history from Hungary.🇭🇺❤️🇹🇷🇦🇿🇰🇿🇹🇲🇰🇬🇺🇿🇧🇬🇲🇳

"Do not scorn a weak cub; he may become a brutal tiger" - Mongolian Proverb

Great video, but it should really start at 2012 when they were founded again

🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷Nice Turkic emprie

Make history of all Oghur Turks in one video

if Huns are Turkic they would be first Turkic invade Europe prior the Ottoman Turks

European Huns were Proto-Turks the dispute ended 2-3 decades ago... their direct successors were Oghur Bulgars and Western Göktürks, they also practiced tengrism the turkic religion and according to Roman sources Huns spoke a language identical to that of the later arriving Turkic nomadic people like Avars,Khazars,Bulgars,...

I am a Turk. I see Huns I click.

The Hun Empire has an important place in Turkish history.

Hun almost destory Eastern and Western Rome but didn't control them Atilla almost invade Rome and Eastern Rome accept give taxes to Huns until 450

The Huns forced the tribes to migrate. In this case, Rome fell apart. Then the Germanic tribes became Germans. Anglo Saxons became British. The Visigoths became Spaniards. In other words, the racial structure of Europe was shaped. This is the turning point in world history. In fact, this event has caused an age to close and an age to open.

Didn’t they invade Gaul? Is this a Mandela Effect thing?

Ernak is the Bulgarian ruler Irnik this is old Great Bulgaria's real history

Now i have to play Rome TW Barbarian Invasion ffs thank you

Interesting how you didn’t show Attila’s invasion of Gaul

Some documentaries show the map of Hun Empire as size/ borders as Mongol Golden Tribe State.

Huns are Turkomongolic people. (not turks and mongols-turkomongols)

Magyars (Hungarians) arrived to the Carpathian region 3 centuries later

Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA80 0.05533515 Bashkir:BAS-120 0.05990198 Tatar_Siberian:STA-126 0.06118980 Bashkir:BAS-029 0.06465388 Bashkir:BAS-091 0.06518414 Bashkir:BAS-046 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA74 0.04317297 Tatar_Siberian:STA-126 0.04340329 Bashkir:BAS-029 0.04508405 Bashkir:BAS-034 0.04571997 Bashkir:BAS-005 0.04634817 Bashkir:bashkir3 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA73 0.04519389 Bashkir:BAS-120 0.04615025 Tatar_Siberian:STA-126 0.04817514 Bashkir:BAS-046 0.04964376 Bashkir:BAS-091 0.05188906 Bashkir:BAS-006 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA72 0.04298365 Bashkir:BAS-120 0.05147676 Bashkir:bashkir9 0.05193652 Tatar_Siberian:STA-126 0.05398420 Bashkir:BAS-091 0.05418873 Bashkir:BAS-096 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA69 0.06131625 Uzbek:495_R02C02 0.06246982 Turkmen:TUR013 0.06295519 Bashkir:bashkir9 0.06305724 Bashkir:BAS-120 0.06540455 Uzbek:495_R01C01 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA66 0.04941760 Tatar_Siberian:STA-112 0.04992166 Bashkir:BAS-034 0.05030198 Bashkir:BAS-005 0.05069029 Bashkir:BAS-046 0.05109507 Tatar_Siberian:STA-126 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA65 0.06441883 Bashkir:bashkir8 0.06454222 Tatar_Siberian:STA-126 0.06584960 Bashkir:BAS-034 0.06666736 Bashkir:BAS-120 0.06779641 Nogai:NOG-125 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA54 0.04048207 Bashkir:BAS-005 0.04305749 Bashkir:bashkir3 0.04403622 Bashkir:BAS-034 0.04726006 Bashkir:BAS-029 0.04823834 Bashkir:bashkir8 Distance to: Hun_Tian_Shan:DA52 0.05372036 Bashkir:BAS-120 0.05740290 Tatar_Siberian:STA-126 0.05805683 Bashkir:BAS-029 0.06147907 Bashkir:BAS-091 0.06291138 Tatar_Siberian:STA-112 Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA41 0.06108399 Tatar_Siberian 0.06231494 Nogai 0.06282693 Uygur 0.06548345 Karakalpak 0.06585332 Hazara 0.06614142 Hazara_Afghanistan 0.07146758 Tubalar 0.08132082 Uzbek 0.08210203 Bashkir 0.08566547 Kazakh 0.09118132 Shor_Mountain 0.09178028 Shor 0.09363371 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye 0.09606831 Shor_Khakassia 0.10848495 Khakass 0.11646646 Yukagir_Forest 0.11889523 Kirghiz_China 0.12013174 Kirghiz 0.13261421 Turkmen_Uzbekistan 0.13623327 Tlingit 0.14055425 Kazakh_China 0.14074878 Mansi 0.14114272 Turkmen 0.14551228 Khanty 0.14809688 Khakass_Kachins Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA38 0.06855033 Tatar_Siberian 0.06925119 Uzbek 0.07192976 Bashkir 0.07292202 Hazara_Afghanistan 0.07777367 Uygur 0.08059425 Hazara 0.08332238 Nogai 0.09622928 Karakalpak 0.10318042 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye 0.10606315 Tubalar 0.11011445 Turkmen_Uzbekistan 0.11764581 Turkmen 0.12223570 Kazakh 0.12239900 Shor_Mountain 0.12286107 Yukagir_Forest 0.12563648 Shor 0.12597342 Shor_Khakassia 0.13202128 Tlingit 0.13398359 Tatar_Lipka 0.14369369 Udmurt 0.14459824 Khakass 0.14501118 Tatar_Crimean_steppe 0.14503753 Bahun 0.14774430 Mansi 0.14886521 Besermyan After the fusion of the A and B sectors, new graves were dug in the west. These graves correspond to a group of genetically linked individuals, since they belong to a single paternal lineage. Interestingly, this paternal lineage has been, at least in part (6 of 7 STRs), found in a present-day Turkish individual (Henke et al. 2001). Moreover, the mtDNA sequence shared by four of these paternal relatives (from graves 46, 52, 54, and 57) were also found in a Turkish individuals (Comas et al. 1996), suggesting a possible Turkish origin of these ancient specimens. Two other individuals buried in the B sector (graves 61 and 90) were characterized by mtDNA sequences found in Turkish people (Calafell 1996; Richards et al. 2000). These data might reflect the emergence at the end of the necropolis of a Turkish component in the Xiongnu tribe. Keyser-Tracqui C, Crubézy E, Ludes B. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analysis of a 2,000-year-old necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongolia. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Aug;73(2):247-60. doi: 10.1086/377005. Epub 2003 Jul 10. PMID: 12858290; PMCID: PMC1180365. The wide distribution of the Turkic languages from Northwest China, Mongolia and Siberia in the east to Turkey and Bulgaria in the west implies large-scale migrations out of the homeland in Mongolia since about 2,000 years ago 35. The diversification within the Turkic languages suggests that several waves of migration occurred 36 and, on the basis of the effect of local languages, gradual assimilation to local populations had previously been assumed 37. The East Asian migration starting with the Xiongnu accords well with the hypothesis that early Turkic was the major language of Xiongnu groups 38 . Further migrations of East Asians westwards find a good linguistic correlate in the influence of Mongolian b2100-1200 BC c1200-200 BC3000-2100 BC a 110° E 100° E 70° E 60° E 50° E 40° E 30° E 20° E 70° N 60° N 50° N 40° N CS ES PS CS ES PS ES PS d200 BC-AD 600 eAD 600-1500 CS ES PS CS ES PS CS 90° E A r c t i c O c e a n M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e a Yamnaya and Afanasievo expansion Sintashta, Srubnaya and Andronovo expansion Scythian expansion Late Bronze Age admixture Xiongnu-Hunnic expansion Asian Medieval impaArticlereSeArcH on Turkic and Iranian in the last millennium39. As such, the genomic history of the Eurasian steppes is the story of a gradual transition from Bronze Age pastoralists of West Eurasian ancestry towards mounted warriors of increased East Asian ancestry-a process that continued well into historical times. 35. Nichols, J. in Language Contact in Times of Globalization(eds Hasselblatt, C. et al.) 177-195 (Rodopi, Amsterdam, 2011). 36. Johanson, L. in The Turkic Languages (eds Johanson, L. & Csató, É. Á.) 81-125 (Routledge, London, 1998). 37. Johanson, L. in The Handbook of Language Contact (ed. Hickey, R.) 652-672 (Wiley-Blackwell,Chichester, 2010). 38. Janhunen, J. Manchuria: an Ethnic History(The Finno-Ugrian Society, Helsinki, 1996). 39. Doerfer, G. Türkische und Mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen 1-4 (Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1963-1975).

The hunnic empire Is One of My favorites but One thing that scares me Is that they practice the cranic deformation , I searched on Wikipedia and I watched terrible images

I don't think we are allowed to call germans that anymore

Wow wow wow thank you emperor!

Collisions and trade with the Xiongnu , fierce Turkic-speaking nomads of the north and west, began in the life- time of Confucius. “The Emergence of an International System in East Asia.” East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World, by WARREN I. COHEN, Columbia University Press, NEW YORK, 2000, pp. 1-61. which is about the Han Dynasty general Su Wu, who was captured in 100 b.c. while on a diplomatic mission to the Xiongnu , a Turkic clan in central Asia. “FROM LUN ON AND LUN HOP TO THE GREAT CHINA THEATER, 1922-1925.” Chinatown Opera Theater in North America, by Nancy Yunhwa Rao, University of Illinois Press, Urbana; Chicago; Springfield, 2017, pp. 152-184. The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu , whose confederation had broken up but a nomadic proto- Mongol people known as the Xianbei, who set up states in Gansu on the west and Hebei and Shandong on the east. “Reunification in the Buddhist Age.” China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition, by John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England, 2006, pp. 72-87. They aii belong to the Yugus branch of the western Xiongnu group of the Turkic languages, which are part of the Altaic language family. “The Frontier Ground and Peoples of Northwest China.” Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China, by JONATHAN N. LIPMAN, University of Washington Press, SEATTLE; LONDON, 1997, pp. 3-23. Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." Land conl icts were also a factor in the frequent clashes from the third century BC onwards between the Chinese Qin and Han Dynasties and the alliance of Turkic nomads, called the Xiongnu people. In the third century BC, the Xiongnu bordered the northwest frontier of Chinese imperial lands, and controlled many of the key trading centers along the land-based routes of the Silk Roads all the way to the Caucasus Mountains. Barbier, E. (2010). The Rise of Cities (from 3000 BC to 1000 AD). In Scarcity and Frontiers: How Economies Have Developed Through Natural Resource Exploitation (pp. 84-156). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511781131.004 It was the Hsiung-nu, a Turkic tribe , who first exerted pressure on the Chinese rulers in the north by capturing Lo-yang in 311 and Ch'ang-an in 316. From this period on, north China was under the sway of non- Chinese rulers. “INITIAL CONTACT AND RESPONSE: BUDDHISM UNDER THE EASTERN CHIN DYNASTY.” Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey, by KENNETH K. S. CH’EN, Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1964, pp. 57-93. The northern one was exposed to war¬ ¬ lurgy (bronze is rarely found in late Lungshan), writ fare and aggression from the Turkic Hsiung-nu , Mon¬ ¬ ing, and excellent art. “ASIA.” The History and Geography of Human Genes: Abridged Paperback Edition, by L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza et al., Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1994, pp. 195-254. The proto - Turkic Hsiung - nu were now challenged by other alien groups - proto - Tibetans , proto - Mongol tribes called the Hsien - pi, and seperate proto-Turks called the T’o-pa (Toba). China's imperial past : an introduction to Chinese history and culture / Charles O. Hucker. Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press, 1975. The Xiongnu became politically dominant in the steppes around 300 BC, and although the linguistic affiliation of the Xiongnu proper is still a matter of dispute, their political confederation certainly contained a significant Turkic component. By both ethnohistorical and linguistic considerations this component may in the first place be identified with the Bulgharic (Bulghar Turkic) branch of Turkic, today represented by the Chuvash language in the Volga region. The Turkic component of the Xiongnu is, however, unambiguously signalled by a number of Bulgharic loanwords in Proto-Samoyedic, such as *yür 'hundred'. The Bulgharic (Proto-Bulgharic) speakers are likely to have entered Southern Siberia , the location of Proto-Samoyedic , not earlier than the last century BC. At the same time, a number of local words, notably *kadï 'conifer' (> Chuvash xïra„ ~ xïr 'birch '), were borrowed from Proto-Samoyedic into Bulgharic. Review: J. Janhunen (ed.),The Mongolic languages, London, New York : Routledge, 2003 An earlier date for the separation of proto-Turkic, preceding 209 BC would support the identification of Xiongnu language with proto-Bulgharic or one of its subgroups, while a later date of separation would make its association with proto-Turkic more plausible. Alexander Savelyev, Martine Robbeets, Bayesian phylolinguistics infers the internal structure and the time-depth of the Turkic language family, Journal of Language Evolution, Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2020 Xiongnu (Pre-Proto-Bulgharic, in Mongolia). Mongolian Vowel Harmony in a Eurasian Context In: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics Authors: Ian G. Barrere 1 and Juha A. Janhunen University of Helsinki Online Publication Date: 18 Jun 2019 As this time depth coincides with the beginning of the Xiongnu empire (209 BCE-100 CE), the association of Xiongnu with Proto-Bulgharic does not seem unreasonable. However, given the relatively large credible interval involved in the Bayesian dating, the breakup of proto-Turkic may also be connected with the first disintegration of the Xiongnu confederation under influence of the military successes of the Chinese in 127-119 BCE (Mudrak 2009). In sum, the time depth of the breakup of Proto-Turkic can be estimated between 500 BCE and 100 CE. Martine Robbeets, Remco Bouckaert, Bayesian phylolinguistics reveals the internal structure of the Transeurasian family, Journal of Language Evolution, Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2018 The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations. The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise). Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17. The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower The Romans were in turn laid low by Turkic Eurasian pastoral nomads from the east-the Huns, or Juan-Juan in Chinese sources. “From Slavs to Rus.’” The Russian Moment in World History, by Marshall T. Poe, Princeton University Press, Princeton; Oxford, 2003, pp. 10-27.

Amazing video

Whenever you look up maps of the Hunnic empire, it usually shows everything highlighted that was east of the Roman border and north of the Persian border. Why do historians/cartographers show these maps implying that literally everything beyond the borders of these two nations was under direct Hun control? It would show the maximum extent displayed in this video, along with everything from Denmark to Estonia.

Wasn't the Byzantine Empire paying tribute to the Huns as well?

Nice Turkic state😍

The border is bigger than u show

Huns=Turkic🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷

0:25 did they ever raid the Levant and Anatolia?

It bothers me that the frames aren't synced to the beat of the music. It's really really close, but gets out of sync after a few seconds each time

huns

I love Hun Turks 🇹🇷❤️🇭🇺

Flaviu Aëtius watching this video: Haha that was short

The Xiongnu became politically dominant in the steppes around 300 BC, and although the linguistic affiliation of the Xiongnu proper is still a matter of dispute, their political confederation certainly contained a significant Turkic component. By both ethnohistorical and linguistic considerations this component may in the first place be identified with the Bulgharic (Bulghar Turkic) branch of Turkic, today represented by the Chuvash language in the Volga region. The Turkic component of the Xiongnu is, however, unambiguously signalled by a number of Bulgharic loanwords in Proto-Samoyedic, such as *yür 'hundred'. The Bulgharic (Proto-Bulgharic) speakers are likely to have entered Southern Siberia , the location of Proto-Samoyedic , not earlier than the last century BC. At the same time, a number of local words, notably *kadï 'conifer' (> Chuvash xïra„ ~ xïr 'birch '), were borrowed from Proto-Samoyedic into Bulgharic. Review: J. Janhunen (ed.),The Mongolic languages, London, New York : Routledge, 2003 An earlier date for the separation of proto-Turkic, preceding 209 BC would support the identification of Xiongnu language with proto-Bulgharic or one of its subgroups, while a later date of separation would make its association with proto-Turkic more plausible. Alexander Savelyev, Martine Robbeets, Bayesian phylolinguistics infers the internal structure and the time-depth of the Turkic language family, Journal of Language Evolution, Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2020 Xiongnu (Pre-Proto-Bulgharic, in Mongolia). Mongolian Vowel Harmony in a Eurasian Context In: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics Authors: Ian G. Barrere 1 and Juha A. Janhunen University of Helsinki Online Publication Date: 18 Jun 2019 As this time depth coincides with the beginning of the Xiongnu empire (209 BCE-100 CE), the association of Xiongnu with Proto-Bulgharic does not seem unreasonable. However, given the relatively large credible interval involved in the Bayesian dating, the breakup of proto-Turkic may also be connected with the first disintegration of the Xiongnu confederation under influence of the military successes of the Chinese in 127-119 BCE (Mudrak 2009). In sum, the time depth of the breakup of Proto-Turkic can be estimated between 500 BCE and 100 CE. Martine Robbeets, Remco Bouckaert, Bayesian phylolinguistics reveals the internal structure of the Transeurasian family, Journal of Language Evolution, Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2018 The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations. The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise). Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17. The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower

So all those online maps showing Huns expanding into most or all of Germania (and in some even the Baltics) are wrong? I always found that weird, like what sources from north eastern Germania or the Baltics told us the Huns reached them? If it's the Romans, how did they know the Huns reached those regions?

My Hunny has an empire. I’m a vassal state.

Not quite the Rome Destroyers AoE2 made them out to be.

How many redditors does it take to change a light bulb? One HUN dred I'm sorry for my sins

Something fecky happened with the Huns in 395

Turks

Invasion of eastern Europe from Eastern nations; Around 440's The Huns Around 1240's The Mongols Around 1940's Soviets Should we expect a dystopia for 2040's

🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷

Ah I was waiting for that

we know absolutely nothing about the hunnic "empire" lol what are these borders even based on

And then they returned as Yugoslavia that also disappeared suddenly. Ninjas!

here comes the turkish nationalists

Great job. Never give up on your dreams. Keep up the good work

Huns 🇭🇺🇹🇷🇦🇿 Magyars, Scythas, Huns, Avars, Türks, Onogur-Bulgars one nation

How do you make your maps

So can it be said that the Proto-Bulgarians/ the Bulgars are the heirs of the Hunns, considering the fact that the Kutriguri and the Utiguri are Bulgar tribes.

Bulgars are major part of the hunnic empire

Great Turkic warriors

this is only europe hunnic empire where is the great hunnic empire???

It's crazy how they hold such an important part in both western and eastern culture, and yet, no one seems to know much about them. Like, were they even Germanic, Scythians, Parthians, Turkic, Mongolian, or maybe even of a long gone ethnic group forsaken by history itself? We just have no clue.

none/unknown was a beautiful city

*Although in the past the Huns are thought to have been Mongolian emigrants, it is far more likely that they were of Turkic origin. This point has been repeated by thousands of historians, sinologists, turcologists, altaistics, and other researchers. Let me try to state how this idea began with Sinology researchers.[1] *Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 386-9, also thinks that these names are the Germanic or Germanicized names of Turkic Huns.[2] *The language of the Huns has always been classified in the Turkic linguistic family.[3] *In the 5th century A . D . the Danube Slavs had lived in symbiosis with the Turkic Huns[4] *One of the first and most ferocious of such Asiatic (Turkic) peoples were the Huns.[5] *A large number of many different Turkic tribes were called Huns.[6] *It is conceivable that the Huns (Ephthalites), who irrupted into Central Asia in the early fifth century, were Turkic.[7] *Probably a substantial group of Hunnish peoples spoke some form of Turkic, a subfamily of the Altaic languages.[8] *Danube used by a large number of Turkic peoples - including Huns, Avars,Bulgars,Cumans.[9] * Among them, the Vandals were East Germanic, the Suevi or 'Swabians' were Central Germanic, the Huns were Turkic, and the Alans were Iranic (like the modern Ossetians).[10] *Also, with the various Turkic tribes on the west; especially with the Huns.[11] *Historic Turkic kingdoms (the earliest being the Great Hun Empire from 200 B.C., which stretched from Siberia to Tibet,and the last being the Ottoman Empire founded in A.D. 1299),hinting at a racial side to Turkish identity.[12] *By the fifth century, the last of the Tocharians was driven from the region by nomadic Huns, possibly the earliest of many subsequent waves of Tur- kic invaders in Central Asia.[13] *Who are the Turkic Peoples? This great family of peoples includes the Huns,Khazars,Avars and Bulgar-Turks of former times.[14] *The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu[15] *Horses were vital to maintaining Han military strength against the increasing nomadic incur. sions from the Turkic Xiongnu tribal armies along the northern borders and in the northwest.[16] *The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han military expeditions across the Pamirs into Central Asia.[17] * By the 5th century many of the troops were barbarian foederation of Germanic, Turkic (“Huns and "Bulgars), and, perhaps, “Slavic origins [18] * The fact that the Bulgars of Asparukh - whom we considered descendants of the Huns led by Irnikh -were Turks.[19] *While the Hun hords of Attila that tried to conquer Europe were surely Proto-Türks.[20] Sources: *1- The Origins of the Huns-The History Files *2-The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe(Cambridge University Press)-Page 177 *3-Russian Translation Series of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 1964 (Harvard University Press) *4-Among the People, Native Yugoslav Ethnography: Selected 1982(Michigan University Press) *5-Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen Through Contemporary Eyes(University of Chicago Press)-Page 332 *6-Eurasian Studies Yearbook Volume 74 Eurolingua, 2002 *7-Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Un-Page 384 *8-The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer(University of California Press)-Page 15 *9-The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelth Century(University of Michigan Press)-Page 25 *10-Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations *11-China ancient and modern-Page-55 *12-Turkey: What Everyone Needs to Know®(Oxford University Press) *13-Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia-Page 251 *14-Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1989: Staplefoods : Proceedings *15-China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition(Harvard University Press)-Page 73 *16-Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China ; Gansu and Ningxia, 4th - 7th Century ; [on the Occasion of the Exhibition "Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China", Organized by the Asia Society Museum, New York, October 13, 2001 - January 6, 2002 ...] *17-The Harvard Dictionary of Music-Page 261 *18- The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity-Page 1346 *19- The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia Volume 1-Page 202 *20-China Knowledge-Xiongnu Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72). A recently published seal gives the title of a fifth-century lord of Samarkand as “king of the Oglar Huns." in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-150. There seems no doubt today that the Huns were a Turkish speaking people . I︠U︡riĭ Vladimirovich Gankovskiĭ Thus the Huns , speaking Turkic , were where we expect Mongols today and were of white race . Carroll Quigley by that of the Turkish - speaking Huns Nancy Van Deusen, ‎Nancy Elizabeth Van Deusen For further discusssion on the possible Hunnic/Turkic origins of the Torcilingi see below. The Heruli, another people closely associated with Odoacer, are also noted for their cranial deformation (Hunno-Alanic custom) and the presence Notes to pages 96-9 233 of partially Mongoloid peoples and eastern ritual mirrors among them, all indicative of a strong link with the Huns, see Pohl (1980), 277. 73. Anonymus Valesianus 8.37. 74. Kim, H. (2013). Notes. In The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe (pp. 159-275). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511920493.008 The path was that taken westward by migrating Goths in the fourth century and then by Turkic -altaic peoples, including the Huns . “Bulgaria.” Fare Well, Illyria, by David Binder, Central European University Press, 2013, pp. 85-100. In the late fourth and early fifth centuries AD, a new force appeared in the steppes adjacent to Khujand-the north- eastern outposts of the Iranian civilisation-namely, the Turkic tribes of the Ephthalites5 and the Huns . “Tajiks on the Crossroads of History, from Antiquity to the Age of Colonialism.” Tajikistan: A Political and Social History, by Kirill Nourzhanov and Christian Bleuer, ANU Press, 2013, pp. 11-26. . However, some Hun personal names, such as Iliger, Dengizikh, have a decidedly Turkic character and lend support to the a priori assumption that the Huns were Turks or Mongols . The fact that the Bulgars of Asparukh - whom we considered descendants of the Huns led by Irnikh - were Turks is also a strong argument in favor of the hypothesis that at least part of the Hun leadership was Turkic speaking, and so were the Caucasian Huns of the 7th century. Sinor, D. (1990). The Hun period. In D. Sinor (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia (pp. 177-205). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521243049.008 Many of the peoples who formed a part of their imperial confederation could also speak Hunnic (Oghuric Turkic). When the East Romans with Theognis negotiate with the Avar Khagan Bayan interpreters are said to have translated Greek into Hunnic to Bayan (Menander fr. 27.2, Blockley (1985), 239). 69. See Bona (1976), 100-2, for an assessment of the armaments, composition and military power of the Avar armies. Kim, H. (2013). Notes. In The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe (pp. 159-275). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511920493.008

I'm not sure for Northern and Western borders. They were further than this ( as I know)

Turkic warriors

Can we see an updated history of the world video?

Huns were Turkic

Can you do ww1 all fronts?