Cranes are large, long-legged birds that are found throughout the world. They are known for their elegant appearance, graceful movements, and loud calls. Cranes have been admired and revered in many cultures for thousands of years, and they play an important role in many ecosystems.
There are fifteen species of cranes in the world, and they are classified into two groups: the true cranes and the crowned cranes. True cranes are larger and have a more upright posture, while crowned cranes are smaller and have distinctive crests of feathers on their heads. Cranes are generally found in wetlands, grasslands, and agricultural areas, where they feed on a variety of plant and animal matter.
Pakistan is home to three species of cranes, each with its unique characteristics and conservation status. These species include the common crane, demoiselle crane, and sarus crane.
The common crane (Grus grus) is a large bird that stands up to 1.2 meters tall with a wingspan of up to 2 meters. They have a grayish-brown plumage with a white throat and black-tipped wings. The common crane is a winter visitor to Pakistan, arriving in October and staying until March or April. They can be found in wetlands, agricultural areas, and grasslands, where they feed on a variety of plant and animal matter, including grains, insects, and small vertebrates.
The demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo) is a smaller species, standing up to 90 centimeters tall with a wingspan of up to 1.5 meters. They have a grayish-brown plumage with a black head and neck and a white patch on their cheeks. The demoiselle crane breeds in the high-altitude steppes of Central Asia and migrates southwards to Pakistan and India for the winter. They can be found in wetlands, agricultural areas, and grasslands, where they feed on a variety of plant and animal matter, including grains, insects, and small vertebrates.
The sarus crane (Grus antigone) is the tallest flying bird in the world and the only resident species of crane in Pakistan. They can reach up to 1.8 meters tall and have a wingspan of up to 2.6 meters. Sarus cranes are found in wetlands, grasslands, and agricultural areas, where they feed on a variety of plant and animal matter. They are easily recognizable by their gray plumage, red head and upper neck, and long, slender legs. Sarus cranes are highly vocal birds and have a loud, trumpeting call that can be heard over long distances.
All three species of cranes found in Pakistan face threats from habitat loss, hunting, and other human activities. Wetland conversion for agriculture and other development projects, as well as hunting for meat and feathers, are among the major threats to crane populations in Pakistan.
Efforts are underway to protect and conserve crane populations in Pakistan, including the establishment of protected areas, the promotion of sustainable land use practices, and the development of ecotourism opportunities. Public awareness and education are also important in promoting the conservation of cranes in Pakistan, and local communities can play an important role in protecting crane populations by participating in conservation activities and promoting sustainable land use practices.
The Siberian crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) was never a resident species in Pakistan, but it used to migrate through the country during its annual migration from breeding grounds in Siberia to wintering grounds in India and China. In fact, there have been no confirmed sightings of Siberian cranes in Pakistan since the 1990s, and the species is now considered to be functionally extinct in the country.
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29 апр 2023
