Immunologist Shane Crotty joins TWiV to discuss the antibody and T cell responses to infection with SARS-CoV-2, followed by answers to listener questions. Show notes at www.microbe.tv... Become a patron of TWiV at www.microbe.tv...
Intelligent conversations among intelligent people about an interesting topic is always my favorite form of entertainment. To be sure, I am grateful for your service to the world concerning our understanding of science and disease. I also want to express my gratitude for hours and hours of some of the best entertainment to be found.
It's so great to have lifelong experts to ask the questions I want answers to (to other experts). I love the main TWiV crew. You all teach me so much about listening, podcasting (same difference, right?), and of course virology, the current information, endless specifics, the context of society, and How to use a Patient approach to Convey Information that you Care Passionately about. This podcast (among others) is a guiding light through the endless dark times of uncertainty in all the caverns that connect the human experience of observing life and the world on Earth.
2:00 Rich, that reminds me of a girl - way younger than me - who told me she had dificulty in reading analog clocks. When she was born it was already digital world.
Would you posit that those of us referred to as “long haulers” might have a higher B cell and memory T cell immunity protection? Would we be thought of as having had a higher viral load, thus a lingering systematic disease? After there is a vaccine, will the health care systems follow up with a titter test to see if we have developed an immune response? What if we don’t show a titter response to the vaccine? Lots of unknowns. I am a “long hauler” who had 2 negative antigen drive through tests, not the CDC PCR test. I did go to a COVID-19 clinic for lung x-rays, labs and physical, determined to be SARS-CoV-2 positive from clinical assessment. No antibody test has been done by my health care system. I’ve been ill since March 22, 2020. And, I add my self reported data to the ZOE study daily.
1. Wow, just wow. This hits so many of the topics that have been TWIViated in recent weeks. 2. In my line of work, I am closely exposed to dozens of teenaged children on a daily basis. It has not been surprising to me that in most years I have a cold or indications-of-infection on a recurring basis. In some years it seems nearly constant. What does this say about the immunology of the respiratory viruses we are routinely exposed to, and what might it say about my poor immune system?
Fascinating last section on cross immunity from common cold corona viruses but lots more still to learn... I,ve been a total TWiV fan on all things Covid-19. My go-to channel. Thank you.
I would have preferred for Shane to be on for 2 hours which is likely difficult because he must be a busy man. Alternatively I'm less interested in his history and more in his knowledge of SARS-COV-2 and his research and it's a pity there wasn't longer to dig deeper.
Most studies I have seen cited regarding infectious rate (transmission) in children generally compare adults infecting adults and children infecting adults. How about children infecting children. They are inhaling and exhaling in the same area of the air column. Is it harder for adults to inhale a child’s exhale when they are 1.5 to 2 feet higher up in the air column. I would think children exchanging air at the same level in the air column might transmit disease to each other better than to adults. They might not show disease, but this does not mean they are virus free. Given that children/parents are often at the same level transmission to this specific group might be higher than just children to random adults.
Hello! I totally love TWiV!! I have a question, in this or another episode, I remember one of your guests talking about how long a person can spread the virus after they've been infected. If I remember correctly, they said: someone can spread the virus (on average) 2 days before they show symptoms and for 5 days after they've shown symptoms - so a total of seven days, right? But in my country we have to do quarantine for 14 days (for example when returning from foreign trips) so why twice that time, am I missing something important (probably I am)? Thanks.
I believe the PPD skin test for Tuberculin tests (Heaf, Mantoux etc.) indicates the T-cell ability to maintain a response to TB infection long after the initial infection/immunisation. Why should this not be the same for SARS-CoV-2?
@Antea Stassi If we are looking for a simple test to measure T-cell memory, this is an easy and safe experiment - using in vitro expressed SARS-CoV-2 proteins (the very same ones in production for some trial vaccines!) and a simple skin puncture mechanism that can be read at some time interval after administration in order to assess the cellular immunity response. I wonder why it has not been considered, or if it has, what results have been obtained? There is a huge cohort of recovered, asymptomatic, and uninfected control individuals who have positive or negative tests at the RT-PCR and antigen and antibody tests already performed that could be tested to see if long term cellular immunity is present long after the active infection and humoral immunity markers have disappeared. no laboratory processing required and may be read remotely using a selfie of the test site - perhaps with an ID print on the skin and a wrist band to confirm the patient ID.
Jack Torrance Jack, if you actually knew genetics and virology you would know that this virus was not man made. There is not only zero evidence that it was, there is loads of evidence that it wasn't. All one has to do is look at the actual genome of SARSCoV2 isolates and anyone attempting to create it would not in a million years attempt to make it the way it is. And i mean a MILLION years. And the lab isn't a couple of miles away, it is about 35kms away. And its location is where it is because it is one of the major regions in the world one would expect a zoonotic virus to first appear. And the "market" as well is one place that one would expect transmissions to first appear, whether from an animal virus that made the jump to a human at the market (not likely) or where an already infected individual who has frequent contact with bats (due to trapping them or other animals, or collection of guano in caves) and then going to the market for business or acquisition of wild type foodstuffs and then affecting others- most likely). Politicians and internet bloggers like to spread this "theory" without evidence or knowledge while actual respected disease experts the world over (i am an epidemiologist with 40 years training/experience) who have actually looked at the case are as certain as anyone can be that it is indeed a natural phenomena that is exactly what we know has happened in the past, occurred in this instance, and WILL once again happen in the future. The more we humans go into the "novel" remote areas of the world, the more we will come into contact with wild animals carrying "novel" viruses, and some of them do and will have the ability to infect us. This has and will be a continuous threat to humans, it is just now becoming more prevalent (SARS and MERS etc) due to the combination of poor people having to make a living, human encroachment into all areas of the globe, and the quick and vast global nature of our species' movement around the planet. It really is that simple. Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar.
Paul Revere I know, but the way i figure if someone actually cares to learn the facts they'll spend one minute to read them. If not, then they aren't worth talking to. Usually a post such as mine isn't so much directed at the troll or conspiracy theorist who i am responding to, but to someone else who has "heard" about the conspiracy theory and hasn't made up their mind and would truly like to know the truth. But again, i do get your point!
Jack Torrance Again Jack, the "lab" isn't 280m away. I have actually been there. Believing someone else who told you it was was the first of many mistakes you've made. An office building and a BSL lV lab are very different things.
What we know about COVID - people with pre-existing conditions (known and unknown) usually get severe disease and others don't. It doesn't sound convincing that T-cells from common cold viruses have any impact on the severity of the disease. I don't think it is that easy to isolate the T-cells variable alone to see any correlation.
Love your shirt, Vincent Racaniello! The only thing worse about cake that is a lie is ice cream that is a lie but I may be biased seeing as it's 97 F (36.1 C; 309.3 K).
I wonder if that guy had been drinking when he was "exchanging saliva" with his girlfriend. I had contact with probably at least 100 people in which we were passing around joints and I have yet to hear of a single person I got sick but I was drinking gin straight too. Perhaps alcohol destroys the viability of the virus just in the mouth and the saliva when one has been drinking. This isn't to assume that this young man must have been drinking. It's just something that occurred to me about my own experience that was simply touched off by his story.
Wonderful. Thank you. Hmmm... The thalydomide (sp?) problem came up. Interesting poke into the past. I remember FDR and the polio past. We do learn ...slowly🤗
Hello from Az. 106° heading to 112°. Thank you for my biweekly dose of sanity. You are all greatly appreciated. Please do not underestimate the danger of an animal who fears losing his power to control. That can easily explain the co-optiontion of the CDC and push to ignore science and open schools and care homes ahead of the election
Don't these Sars x viruses get into respiratory replication so fast that the immune response has a relative delay, like oh I detected you but the virus has a billion copies already? And this "billion" is a function of highly variable internal cellular resistance to replication?
@@earthangel2524 It's just a meme that has gone around with the younger crowds for some years now. I don't even know the origin of it. But I was laughing because it's a funny juxtaposition to see this meme that I remember from when I was in high school (~2008) on Dr. Racaniello's shirt.
Rather than using the term "random" as a substitute for "stochaistic", I'd be inclined to use "probability" or "statistical likelihood." If you want to know why not every genetically identical mouse got infected when exposed to an identical amount of virus, you could reply with the question, why doesn't every coin flip come up heads?
