The classification of the engines depends upon the types of fuel used, cycle of operation, number of stroke, type of ignition, number of cylinders, arrangement of cylinders, valve arrangement, types of cooling etc.
Types of Engine:
Basically the engines are of two types, and these are external combustion engines and internal combustion engines.
(i). External combustion engine: In external combustion engine, the combustion of fuel takes place outside the engine.
Example: steam engine.
(ii). Internal combustion engine: In internal combustion engine, the combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine. Two stroke and four stroke petrol and diesel engine are the examples of internal combustion engine.
The I.C. engines are classified on the following basis:
1. Types of Design:
(i). Reciprocating engine: In reciprocating engine, there is a piston and cylinder, the piston does reciprocating (to and Fro) motion within the cylinder. Due to the reciprocating motion of the piston, it is called reciprocating engine. 2 stroke and four stroke engines are the common examples of reciprocating engine.
(ii). Rotary engine: In rotary engine, the rotor does rotary motion to produce power. There is no reciprocating motion. A rotor is present in the chamber which does rotary motion inside a chamber. Wankel rotary engine , turbine engines are the rotary types of engine.
2. Types of Fuel Used:
(i). Petrol engine: The engine which uses petrol for its working is called petrol engine.
(ii). Diesel engine: The engine which uses diesel for its working is called diesel engine.
(iii). Gas engine: An engine using gas fuel for the working is called gas engine.
3.Cycle of Operation:
(i). Otto cycle engine: These types of engine works on Otto cycle.
(ii). Diesel cycle engine: The engine working on diesel cycle is called diesel cycle engine.
(iii). Dual cycle engine or semi-diesel cycle engine: The engine that works on both diesel as well as Otto cycle is called dual cycle engine or semi diesel cycle engine.
4.Number of Strokes:
(i). Four Stroke Engine: It is an engine in which the piston moves four times i.e.2 upward (form BDC to TDC) and 2 downward (from TDC to BDC) movement in one cycle of power stroke is called four stroke engines.
(ii). Two Stroke Engine: The engine in which the piston does two times motion i.e. one from TDC to BDC and other from BDC to TDC to produce a power stroke is called two stroke engines.
5. Type of Ignition:
(i). Spark ignition engine (S.I. engine): In spark ignition engine there is a spark plug which is fitted at the engine head. The spark plug produces spark after the compression of the fuel and ignites the air fuel mixture for the combustion. The petrol engines are spark ignition engine.
(ii). Compression ignition engine (C.I. engine): In Compression ignition engine there is no spark plug at the cylinder head. The fuel is ignited by the heat of the compressed air. The diesel engines are compression ignition engine.
6. Number of Cylinders:
(i). Single cylinder engine: An engine which consists of single cylinder is called single cylinder engine. Generally the single cylinder engines are used in motorcycles, scooter, etc.
(ii). Double cylinder engine: The engine which consists of two cylinders is called double cylinder engine.
(iii). Multi cylinder engine: An engine which consists of more than two cylinders is called multi cylinder engine. The multi cylinder engine may have three, four, six, eight, twelve and sixteen cylinder.
7. Arrangement of Cylinders:
(i). Vertical engine: in vertical engines, the cylinders are arranged in vertical position as shown in the diagram.
(ii). Horizontal engine: In horizontal engines, the cylinders are placed horizontal position as shown in the diagram given below.
(iii). Radial engine: The radial engine is reciprocating type internal combustion engine configuration in which the cylinders radiate outward from a central crankcase like the spokes of a wheel.
8. Valve Arrangement:
(i). L-head engine: In these types of engine, the inlet and exhaust valves are arranged side by side and operated by a single camshaft.
(ii). I-head engine: In I-head engines, the inlet and exhaust valves are located in the cylinder head. A single valve actuates all the valves.
(iii). F-head engine: It is a combination of I-head and F-head engines.
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27 ноя 2018
