Understanding the Basics of Mass Timber Construction

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Mass timber or Massive Timber is a term for different forms of engineered wood products that perform as structural elements. They can be made of douglas-fir, spruce-pine fir and western hemlock. In this video, we're going to cover the six most popular types of mass timber products.
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The Era of Wood Skyscrapers is Here: • How Mass Timber Skyscr...
Chapters
0:00 Introduction
2:01 Glulam
2:40 CLT
3:24 LVL
4:02 DLT
4:45 NLT
5:24 PSL
6:27 Sponsor
7:09 Urban Machine
1- Glulam
Glulam is made by gluing together three or more small pieces of lumber, typically 2 to 4 inches in width. Individual pieces of lumber or laminations are laid out with the grains running in the same direction, parallel with the length of the member. A durable, moisture-resistant adhesive is applied to each lamination. Then, the laminations are clamped together with a hydraulic press until the glue has cured.
2- CLT
CLT is made by gluing three, five, or seven layers of lumber at right angles to each other. The panel is placed into a hydraulic press and compressed under high pressure to ensure that the glue is evenly distributed and that the panel is tightly bonded together. It is then trimmed to its final dimensions, sanded, stained, or coated with a protective finish.
3- LVL
LVL is made by layering thin wood veneers and bonding them together with a strong adhesive. Logs are debarked, steamed and peeled into thin sheets, or veneers, 1/16th to 1/8th of an inch thick. Layers of veneers are stacked and a strong adhesive is applied. The panel is compressed at a high pressure and temperature to activate the adhesive and bond the veneers together.
4- DLT
DLT is made with stacked dimensional lumber, fit together with hardwood dowels made of beech, maple, or oak. Dowels are inserted into pre-drilled holes and a hydraulic press forces the dowels to interlock with the boards, creating a strong, rigid panel.
5- NLT
NLT is made by stacking boards and inserting nails or screws at an angle. Any excess nails or screws are trimmed, and the panel is sanded and finished to create a smooth surface.
6- PSL
PSL is made from long wood strands that are bonded together with adhesives and heat. Logs are debarked and cut into long, thin strands 1/8 inch thick. Layers of veneers are stacked, a strong adhesive is applied and the panel is compressed with a hydraulic press.
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#masstimber #ecofriendly #greenbuilding #wood #construction #architecture #carbon

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31 май 2024

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Комментарии : 107

@kurtzxcvb3481 Год назад

Yes we want a dedicated video to the podcast on Urban machine

@joeldcanfield_spinhead Год назад

Urban Machine sounds magnificent. I reuse junk wood all the time, and the idea of someone automating the cleanup, and the entire concept of using scrap and junk wood in something as beautiful (to me) as PSL is fascinating.

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Agree! I'll coordinate a video with them

@arkhanhind2613 Год назад

@@BelindaCarr Please do, I want to see it too!

@yodaiam1000 11 месяцев назад

I designed Brentwood station roof structure (and station) noted at 5:22. I was not the EOR but I was the head engineer and did most of the concept, analysis, and final design. We used 20' long staggered 2x4s nailed together so we could form the compound curve of the roof. Each span varies a bit but it is about 5m (16') spans between ribs. It was an interesting project. We had to really fight for the design since the 2x4s were not cheap but really, in the end, it was most cost effective way to form the shape and get enough strength to span between the ribs. The client wanted to use steel roof decking but that would be a false economy due to the compound curve and long span between ribs.

@LucasRichardStephens Год назад

Scribed timber houses use no nails glue or metal, and have been popular here in Norway for about 1000 years. They cost a small percentage more than stick frame houses to build, but last 400 years if well executed and adequately maintained. It may seem like an exaggeration to many readers of this comment, but I have worked on many houses in the area I live, that are 2-400 years old and still perform exactly as when they were new. The same can be said of most areas here in Norway. Though in the North, all the houses were destroyed as a war tactic. Thanks for sharing your studies Belinda, I am glad you are getting such a good number of subs, you are doing more for architecture than you could have if you had found a job at once. There is so much that could be improved in the building industry and this kind of democratic sharing of information is invaluable.

@csehszlovakze Год назад

are there any tried and true methods to prevent fires? "down" here in Hungary we don't really use wood for house building.

@LucasRichardStephens Год назад

@@csehszlovakze Log houses are not as easily set alight as stick frame houses. If they do catch fire, they maintain structural integrity a very great deal longer than buildings reliant on steel beams (which melt, causing collapse). It is, in any case the soft furnishings and the smoke they create, that is the greatest threat to occupants, and that is regardless of the type of construction. Having said all this, I find Norwegians tend to have an increased fire awareness when compared to many other Europeans, many safety precautions are in use, to mitigate fire hazards.

@rossmcleod7983 Год назад

@@LucasRichardStephenswow that is extraordinary, much respect for our northern denizens, had no idea about scribed timber building, many thanks.

@Alastair510 Год назад

@@LucasRichardStephens In my experience, the main risk from wildfires is the flames and heat catching under roof overhangs, setting fire to rafters. The house I grew up in, in Australia, was destroyed by just such an issue. The concrete block walls are still intact and undamaged by fire. The roof, however, is almost completely burnt out, collapsing into the interior of the house. This can be mitigated by shielding the rafters from direct heat.

@ytzpilot 11 месяцев назад

We live in one in New Zealand that was designed by a Norwegian Immigrant, I can also confirm these homes hold up very well in earthquakes, our house has survived numerous since it was built back in 1980 with no damage to the structure. Plaster walls crack in earthquakes while wooden beams do not.

@taxfree4 Год назад

Your in depth interview with the owner of Urban Machines was excellent. The choices in wood construction is so varied, in a good way, the only question is which one do you prefer. You have such variety in your video with all the pertinent info and manage to give just enough time, not too long, to keep it moving and so interesting. Thank you for such great information.

@sk.sourov Год назад

Nice to see your content again.

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Thank you!

@boriss.861 Год назад

Belinda a great video. Could you please take this to the next level.

@whiteknightcat Год назад

What exactly is "the next level"?

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Yes, what is the next level? A factory tour? More details?

@gregcorwin8316 Год назад

Good to see you back, Belinda. Really enjoyed this video, thanks!

@emmanuelwekesa976 Год назад

there are some wood versions in the market that you may have a look at and probably do a review on them -transparent wood. -acetylated wood like accoya -softwood infused into hardwood like kebony premium hardwood

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Thank you! I'll look into them.

@ryanlongman1537 Год назад

And don't forget MPP! Although Mass Plywood Panel is not as popular as the others because it is only manufactured by Freres Lumber in Oregon.

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Yes! I removed it from the list because it's rarely used but thanks for bringing it up

@indijen Год назад

I would love a separate video on Urban Machine's process!

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Working on it! Thanks!

@dutubsucks Год назад

I think mass-timber products are really interesting and seem like a great material going forward with its sustainability and ability to lock in carbon. But what about the adhesives used in many of them? How sustainable and environmentally friendly are they? I would like to know more about that!

@blahorgaslisk7763 Год назад

In ordinary wood the fibers are bound together using lignin. This can be used to bind separate pieces together using high pressure and high heat. I'm not sure how hard it would be to create synthetic lignin for bonding things, but if you look at masonit it's created using wood that is exploded using high pressure and superheated steam. The "mash" is then pressed together into sheet's or what ever form desired and when it cools off it's hard and extremely dense, and all without adding any binder. The cost is the energy needed for heating the steam used to "explode" the wood, and the presses used to form the sheets. As for strength the finished product is stronger and denser than the wood used to make it. One negative is that it does no longer look like wood, so you probably won't want to leave it exposed. Things like glue laminated wood beams can be very decorative. This is not something that could be said about Masonit. On the other hand it's extremely form stable and strong, and has no added chemicals what so ever. Well I have seen impregnated masonite that's supposed to be extra resistant to moisture and water, but for ordinary building material it's generally not needed.

@eveleynce Год назад

many standard wood glues are just as sustainable as the wood is, though advanced artificial adhesives might be much more intensive

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Many of these products use formaldehyde-free adhesives, but it all depends on the manufacturer. Off-gassing should only be an issue for the first couple of weeks. I'll try to make a video on the downsides of mass timber. It definitely shouldn't be used for every project.

@Corewood_TJP 10 месяцев назад

There are development of better glues and in CLT in general the real amount of glue is very little - plus some manufactures uses formaldehyde-free adhesives.

@quantafreeze Год назад

Great video again! Thank you!

@stephenmontez6754 Год назад

I am always exited to see a new video from you, very educational and informative. Great content !

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Thank you!

@paxiahern2383 Год назад

Yes, give us a deep dive into Urban Machine.

@MinnesotaBeekeeper Год назад

Lol, we were just cutting mass beams last week. Our mill seems to see a growing demand. And our great grandparents build pure post and beam barns in Wisconsin. Magnificent structures!

@gabrielfraser2109 Год назад

I like your new intro slide, Belinda. You keep getting better.

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Thank you!

@TTTzzzz Год назад

Belinda, please explore 'Accoya' and 'Tricoya' wood products.

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Thank you! I'll look into them

@matrazar 11 месяцев назад

I really enjoy your content. It’s easily digestible.

@kravond Год назад

Love your videos! Always informative.

@mariusgrikinis9415 Год назад

Thank you. Interesting information.

@kens6168 Год назад

Very interesting! Thanks.

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Thank you!

@ybaggi Год назад

Awesone as usual. I would have liked to hear about the pros and cons of each type of mass timber described. Thank you.

@BelindaCarr Год назад

I'll try to get my hands on samples of each or organize a tour of a mass timber factory to dive into more details

@DGarte Год назад

Thanks a lot! It would be really interesting to see a comparison between CLT and concrete or brick regarding Thermal properties

@raymondpeters9186 Год назад

Yet another very informative video Doing good keep going Take care Ray

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Thank you, Marius!

@sjpropertyservices3987 Год назад

Thank you for another informative video.

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Thank you!

@patrickmckowen2999 Год назад

Very informative 👍

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Thank you!

@josephrollins2722 10 месяцев назад

Thanks!

@WontSeeReplies Год назад

You gave the most beautiful voice. Never give in.

@oudmantu Год назад

I understand the ease of timber construction be it mass or stick framing but I find it maddening for other reasons... Hey let's build our homes out of the singular food source of an insomniac, insatiable, itinerant, swarm of insects who's sole preoccupation is to eat and reproduce! Termites aren't everywhere but there's lots of other ways that wood perishes over time and all the while whoever buys a home constructed in this matter must necessarily be financing SOME amount of termite excrement or fungus! And let's not forget wood comes from trees. Trees fart out a gas that humans need to breathe; sure not the lions share of it but enough to matter. We need to huff those tree farts! I want to see a video about alternative framing or construction methods that shy away from current stick framing practice (if you haven't already made one) love your videos I learn so much every time and I aspire to build my own house some day

@quintessenceSL Год назад

Eh, all of these could be loosely considered "fiber composite", and there numerous applications of the same methodology that could incorporate other fibers beside wood. At the other end, I could point to corrosion and deterioration. It would be interesting to get a total cost over projected lifespan for various materials.

@TTTzzzz Год назад

For a solution against termites and fungus look up 'Accoya' wood. 30 years guarantee for unprotected wood in the ground and 50 years for above ground. No coatings needed and it is very dimensionally stable. It is expensive though.

@AngleIron426 Год назад

I had never heard the term biophilic. I am reading about it now. I learned something. Thank you.

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Thank you!

@DS-su7vj Год назад

Great video! I would love to see a production highlighting the Perfectblock ICF. It appears this is created from waste Styrofoam into which grout is pumped around rebar. From their product info, it appears that this is a green product. Paired with the glulam roofs and ceilings, it sounds like a strong, fire-resistant, storm resistant and (mostly) green structure could be created. Thank you for your videos!

@AoE2Replays Год назад

BELINDA. with the Fire lumber vid

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Thank you!

@EvanCarrollTheGreat Год назад

How does the glue hold up when submerged in water? I live in Houston. I imagine half of our homes are in the 500 year flood plane. And we've had three 500 year floods in the past 10 years. I'm wondering how a house built with these products would take 3 feet of submergence.

@snoopaka 11 месяцев назад

I would love a video on Urban Machine

@thejohnken5 Год назад

Squirrel! I am trying to decide if I should replace my 20 year old HVAC (all electric home) with an economy system like the original, or heat pump. Harker Hts, Tx. Howdy neighbor!

@jonathanandrade176 Год назад

I love your new intro!

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Thank you!

@ubacow7109 11 месяцев назад

What is the laminated part about an NLT? Isnt it just regular nailed timbers? You still get a large overall product but nails seem to be the weak point

@devendralatchman5724 Год назад

Quite a few of these products use adhesives of some kind, I'm curious how safe / environmentally friendly they are? In terms of fire/flood or off gassing/recycling

@noahhendrickson7138 6 месяцев назад

Hello, I am wondering the name of the project that is pictured in the thumbnail?

@theprojectbasedlifestyle1089 Год назад

How does CLT manage manage seasonal moisture changes? With long panels and wood running in different direction you'd think that seasonal moisture changes would cause the panels to seperate over time.

@5467nick Год назад

CLT is basically just plywood. Good plywood won't separate if the adhesive bonded correctly. Thin veneers don't exert as much force as thicker timbers and are at least partially saturated with the glue instead of water, so they don't expand as much with moisture changes.

@theprojectbasedlifestyle1089 Год назад

I get that. Still always kind of a mystery to me how the cross lamination of plywood does violate the first principle of woodworking, the need to let wood move. But CLT panels are sometimes 40 feet long and the layers are thick unlike plywood veneer. The only way it makes sense to me is if the glue basically seals it, but this still doesn't explain the outer layers especially when the CLT is structural and also the interior finish.

@5467nick Год назад

@@theprojectbasedlifestyle1089 Wood movement is a very big deal when working with hardwood. With softwood, it is much less of a concern, especially since the joints in CLT are face grain to face grain, not end grain to face grain. No framer cares much about grain orientation when framing a typical stick frame house. We'll then gladly screw or nail completely different materials like drywall, wood paneling with different grain pattern than the studs, plywood, cement board, etc. right onto the studs.

@theprojectbasedlifestyle1089 Год назад

@@5467nick Point taken about the difference between hardwood and softwood. Still, when i calculate the expansion of douglas fir over a 20 ft panel at a five percent moisture change I get 1.5 to 3 inches depending of whether it was quartersawn or flatsawn. Obviously that is not happening. So somehow the moisture is not getting to the wood. Perhaps because it is so thick, but then why doesn't it affect the outside of the panel and cause bowing? Or because the glues and finishes effectively seal the wood, but then over time or in a particularly wet season??? I'm sure the engineers have worked this out, I just havent ever seen it explained and I'm curious. What about CLT in wet climates, or climates with a radical seasonal humidity difference?

@5467nick Год назад

@@theprojectbasedlifestyle1089 Wood that was unrestricted may change in size that much. If you try to prevent hardwood from moving too much, it can break apart. Softwood can be restricted more than hardwood without breaking apart. For example, a flat-sawn board will often cup as it dries. However, if it is joined to other boards with dovetails or other strong joints, it is restricted and can't cup. The fibers that would have moved in such a way to cup will compress or pull apart slightly instead, at least as much as they can without splitting. There might be issues in areas that can expect huge swings in moisture content, though that can also be accounted for if the product is made to handle it. For example, true quartersawn boards would expand almost only or contract in their thickness, not width or length, as moisture changes, and thus would have zero issues with changes of moisture content when used in CLT.

@supernumex Год назад

What is the feasibility of aluminum construction products?

@NoahNobody Год назад

Have you don'e a video on (saw)dustcrete?

@BelindaCarr Год назад

I was tempted to insert a Pumpkin Spice Latte joke at 5:24 ... Also check out my vid on Mass Timber Skyscrapers! ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-opK73Zy3jLQ.html

@kameljoe21 Год назад

I just wish the price on a lot of the wood products would come down. The LDF insulation is quite cool. Any wood product is great, it gets a bad rap because people clearly do not understand how forest are used.

@okashaabdulai8661 Месяц назад

Is there any company that manufacturing mass time which if you are Ghana import

@disguysn Год назад

What about off gassing of the glue?

@PutsOnSneakers Год назад

Wood is more expensive than concrete in Belgium 😢

@csehszlovakze Год назад

same here in Hungary, wood is basically the most expensive option. 😂😂😂

@whiteknightcat Год назад

OK, I don't understand something. Dowel laminated timber uses no adhesives - the individual components are held together by dowels. At 4:23, however, the animation shows a wall section of DLT with window and door openings being cut out. Cutting openings in DLT will cut the dowels. If the height of the door opening spans most of the height of the DLT panel, all the dowels will be cut and the wall section will come apart.

@homealonebuild3090 Год назад

Even if the section above the door or window had no dowel the rest of the wall section would be sturdily holding together and supporting the short span. Unless it's a very skinny window, I'm sure there would be 2-3 dowels in the span and more if you wanted.

@whiteknightcat Год назад

@@homealonebuild3090 I understand the wall sections on either side of the door casing would remain intact, but wouldn't everything above the lintel just become so many independent little blocks, and neither wall section would be attached to each other any more?

@rabbytca Год назад

@@whiteknightcat You need to re-watch the video more closely and note in which orientation the assemblies are constructed and then installed.

@whiteknightcat Год назад

@@rabbytca I did, before I asked my original question. The individual boards end up vertical in the wall sections with the dowels running horizontally. The windows and doors were then cut out, severing the dowels. While there will still be continuous dowels holding everything together above and below the windows, there would be one or none above the doorway, depending on the height of the door.

@homealonebuild3090 Год назад

@@whiteknightcat In fact, I was picturing the 2X's running horizontal. Being vertical I suppose, if there were no dowels across the span then it would be vulnerable. But, I'm not sure why you would assume, no dowels. I'm sure, if it was an issue the manufacturers or designers would have dealt it a blow. I'd also bet they don't literally cut out the windows/doors but that they are manufactured that way. 'Twould be a huge waste of resources.

@michaelbindner9883 Год назад

Are any prefab builders using mass timber?

@silvergt4254 Год назад

Do you have a way to contact you?

@grondhero Год назад

Isn't concrete recyclable? I know steel is. Considering the US has an average of 52 tornadoes a year, I would think we'd start moving on to something better and economical (although, not with this administration). When we lived on Guam, our houses were made of concrete to survive the typhoons. In addition, termites love wood, but not steel, concrete or stone. Rats will chew through your wooden walls and come "investigating" in the colder months. Still, it's always good to know your options.

@csehszlovakze Год назад

I'd be more afraid of bigger fires than termites... then again, we don't build housing out of wood around here, masonry and concrete reign supreme.

@patrickdegenaar9495 11 месяцев назад

If we think of all the forrests across siberia and then think of how the world needs to come together to solve real problems instead of stupid wars.

@UBGood Год назад

810

@TheVladBlog Год назад

First

@BelindaCarr Год назад

Woo hoo! :)

@Christiane069 Год назад

Yes, wood is renewable, however, the practice in the US and Canada is far more destructive than what can be re-planted. Also, they plant new fast growing trees as replacement of old growth, not cool. Then, organizations that do re-plant trees, do it often in the wrong places, not good either. So, yes wood products are very versatile.

@BelindaCarr Год назад

I agree. We need to monitor "sustainable forestry practices" very closely

@Christiane069 Год назад

@@BelindaCarr I am afraid this would become a political football with no end is site as a lot of money is tied up to "Green Credit" witch is a huge tax con system that profit the large corporation that already pay no taxes. So what can we do. Like Jefferson (the guy that put is John Hancock signature on that piece of paper) said; We need a revolution every 50 years. (he did said that)

@csehszlovakze Год назад

it'll store carbon alright... until it burns down.

@okashaabdulai8661 Месяц назад

Is there any company that manufacturing mass time which if you are Ghana import