One extremly important correction is that the Visigoths were not part of the Rhine migrants of 406 (or 405, depending what source interpretation you prefer). They were primarily made up of Tervingi gothic federates settled by treaty in Roman territory (Moesia, Scythia and perhaps Macedonia) in 382. They initially crossed the Danube in 376, as a result of Hunnic pressures from the steppe.
I've always found the difference between Visigothic rule post 476 and Ostrogothic rule post 476 to be quite intriguing as it shows two different approaches to consolidation of power. The ostrogoths for the most part attempted a policy of assimilation with the existing roman population while the Visigothic rulers attempted more of Germanic cultural hegemony over the existing Roman population. This in my mind poses a major issue for those who oppose the fall of 476 as described by mainstream historians. It has become more popular among revisionists to critique the claim of the fall in 476 for being too simplistic as many Roman institutions and culture managed to survive the fall. However this happened mostly in Italy under the ostrogoths and the revisionist's claim doesn't hold much water when examining the entire western empire (i.e. southern Gaul and Hispania).
Visigothic Spain was the only member of the "first generation" of barbarian kingdoms to survive into The Seventh Century, and in effect it transformed itself into a "second generation" kingdom at the end of The Sixth.
@@A_Saucerful_of_Secrets First generation kingdoms were Arian and had separate legal systems for Romans and barbarians. Admittedly this usage has its problems. You could called The Lombard kingdom a first generation one lingering into the Eighth Century.
The Visigothic Code only extended the aforementioned civic rights to Christianized Hispano-Romans [not all locals.] Other Iberian minorities (e.g. the Cantabrian Celts, Vascones, etc.) were intentionally denied such civic protections/duties. It would not be until the founding of the Kingdom of Asturies - shortly following the Moorish conquest of the peninsula - that the Visigoths would finally integrate the entire [non-Moorish] Iberian population under a common Hispano-Christian identity, under the sovereignty of Don Pelayo and his Gothic-Cantabrian army. Overall, I enjoyed your presentation.
Is there any provision in the Codes speciying that Celtiberians or other minorities will not be subject to these laws? I don't remember any. Also, Asturias didn't singlehandedly create a common identity for Spain, at the time Navarre and the Frankish counties also existed. Many texts from the 11th Century use "Hispania to refer to Moorish Spain (expressions like" count this advanced towards Hispania" or "emissaries from Hispania" meaning Umayyad ambassadors). The question of identity is much more complex and not really understood today.
@@Ennio444 they used the term hispania simply because that’s what it was geographically called, they wouldn’t call it Al-Andalus because that’s what the Muslims called it. There were already gothic laws and elements of monarchy interwoven into the Christian kingdoms of the north where they were using all throughout the Middle Ages until it evolved into Spanish law. It’s not that they saw the hispania as foreign but the conquerors who were residing in it; even King Ferdinand I of Leon demanded the Muslims to give them back the land they conquered a long time ago and depart to their shores in North Africa because the saw the moors are unbearable to live with.
@@CarvedStones Since Leon's claim to land came from their identification with the Visigothic kingdom, it would make sense that they used this as justification, but that doesn't mean it was so. The links between the kingdom of Asturias and that of the Visigoths are probably tenuous at best. And regardless of that, most Gothic nobles surrendered to the Muslims and converted shortly after, meaning Al Andalus was had more Gothic links than Asturias, Aragon of Catalonia, even if the kings of Asturias claimed go be continuafing the Gothic line, or if the Catalan Counts called themselves Marchio Gothiae.
@@Ennio444 Most goths did submit to Islamic rule, but there were a few that fled or were already in the north. For instance, Pedro the duke of cantabria was a visigothic duke who later had a son named Alfonso I. By the 7th and 8th century thanks to Leovilgild allowing intermarriage between the native population and goths, the ethnic distinction has largely disappeared since they got assimilated into the native population. This also allowed Hispano Romans to enter into nobility with gothic lineage. Also the goths didn’t just settle in the south and around Toledo, they were mostly stationed around the entirety of hispania either as bishops, nobles, counts, dukes etc since it was mostly a warrior aristocracy after all. It’s pretty obvious that the northern kingdoms such as the kingdom of Asturias had goths around or people descended from their nobility or duchy since their monarchy and nobility was largely derived from visigothic traditions. This would also apply to future kingdoms like Castile, Leon, and Aragon. As for Portugal they mostly were based around the conquered Suebian kingdom.
It makes sense that since St Isidore was really in control of his bishopric instead of the pope of Rome, he was really an orthodox Christian just like all Romans and Byzantines were back then including even the pope of Rome. The idea of universal control of the church by the Pope of Rome was an innovation of the 9th century which was not enforced till the 11th century with the military power of the German emperors of the holy “Roman” Empire oh the German nation. That of course lead the traditional churches of Constantinople, Antioch and Alexandria to cut their ties with the German-controlled papacy. St. Isidore would certainly have done the same as Constantinople.
More likely is that gaul became vastly overcrowded with new germanic settlers. Meaning less land and plunder. Southern spain and africa were also the richest areas of the west outside of italy so that untapped source of plunder was very attractive. And the huns (who the goths have been trying to flee for decades) entered gaul in the 450s. Cooling played some role in the migration period but probably only a secondary or tertiary one.
@@mattpliska ' Southern spain and africa were also the richest areas of the west outside of italy '; perhaps because of said global cooling period. Both arguments need not contradict.
@Aphrodite Ethereal I never said the Germans replaced the natives of Gaul: the Gallo-Romans. All I said is that it was overcrowded by Germanic settlers, which functioned much like roving warbands. It wasn't that the lands of Gaul were overpopulated by the Germanic settlers it was that they took up more territory due to the strategic realities of the migrant tribes. Given the fact the Romans still had massive armies roaming around these tribes had to be in a constant state of motion. This reduced them to livestock and plunder as their only means of subsistence. Nomadic tribes also require larger territories on a per capita level compared to sedentary populations, so being crowded doesn't really mean that populous in this context. It especially doesn't mean that they outnumbered the native gallo-romans, which they didn't, as the fact French and Spanish are Romance not Germanic languages hints at. However the initial situation in the lands lost by the West was a case of minority rule akin to Yuan China or Alexander's Empire.
@@Mavo936 Actually Africa and Spain had always been richer than Gaul in the Roman Empire too. But if anything Africa suffered the largest loss in population since the Antoine peak to the Migration period of any Roman Diocese.
Considering the way they produced books during Isidore's time I would say 800 books is a lot. They didn't have mechanical printing presses. The kodak's was still pretty new so most of his books were probably scrolls.
@@Viodoxy I'm guessing quite large as 20% of modern Jews descend from Jews ans Jewisn converts during this period. They also aided the Moors' conquest.
@@Viodoxy around 300.000 and 600.000 were expelled from spain during the catholic monarchs period so in visigothic times they were even less, they were a minority in the peninsula, it gets blurry because they adopted names and surnames from the region so its hard to estimate who was and who wasnt without written records
I have to admit that the Arabs brought some culture into the peninsula when it comes to architecture - However Visigothic and Suebian Iberia is something I definitely want to research more about 👍
And the christians destroyed it. I began my hatred of Spain as a result of their treatment of the galgos... and then I realized that all they contributed to Humanity was pure evil. They don't even have one Nobel prize in Science.
@@thornil2231 How did they destroy it? From my architectural studies, the Spanish have preserved and replicated Islamic architecture. When it comes to slavery, the Islamic Caliphates did indeed practice slavery as well, the Portuguese and Spanish even succeeded the Arab Slave Trade - if anything, the Spanish though ruthlessly, did in essence just expand and replicate islamic Iberia under Christendom. The Moors have also destroyed precious Roman churches, literature, art and cities in North Africa. All in all we can't point fingers.
Architecture and so much more. Arts, philosophy, sciences... many thinkers of the Islamic golden age were Andalusians. Sadly modern Spanish people tend to forget much of the glory of those times, out of prejudice or just envy.
Main records are legal, the Lex Visigothorum and the canons of church councils. We also have the writings of scholars like Isidore. E.A. Thompson, The Goths in Spain (1969) is a useful summary of what we know.
Just cuz they speak different languages at home doesn’t mean that they are not basically the same people with the same interests unified as a single acting state. The basque are often a key component of some of the major states discussed in this video. When the Basques killed Roland at Ronceveaux they were acting on behalf of Toulouse against the Parisian French for slights dating back to Odo the Great who wasn’t basque but was their greatest champion. Basques were also a huge pro British component in the 100 years war. So when the Basques work along side non Basques and speak Latin they speak it kinda funky and their comrades meet them halfway and they come up with their own language that outsiders call Cantabarian. Latin or Basque they’re in the Cantabarian region and can speak that language so you can call them that. Def not interchangeable bc a Tolosan Basque is not Cantabarian, but a Bilbao Basque is Cantabarian so sometimes it’s appropriate
@@voiceofreason2674 Outsiders might've used the term, but the region was not ethnically homogeneous: Basques and the rest of those in the region had very different identities.
What was the visigothic kingdom called? When was the name "Spain" first used? What languages were in use in this era? The names of the rulers don't sound the least bit Spanish.
The language was vulgar Latin. Saint Gregory of Tours, in his letters to the Visigoth kings, called them Kings of Spania (Rex Spaniae). The part of the Mediterranean coast that the Byzantine Empire invaded was called by Constantinople the Province of Spania. Since the letter ñ did not yet exist at that time, when it was created, the name derived from Spaña and España because the S sounds in Spanish like es or ese and the sound nia similar to ña. All of these names derive from the word Hispania, which was the Roman name for the Peninsula that the Greeks previously called Iberia.
@@Johnnybomb1 iberia was a greek name, the peninsula was called hispania by everyone, and all the people called themselves spanish up until the 1600's when portugal eventually decided to distance itself from the term to avoid confusion after their independence of the spanish empire
Portugese get very excited when they see others in the comments and it’s a snowball from there. They’re educating and celebrating but russian do same thing only fighting and cussing
@@rickyyacine4818 They didn’t destroy hispania, they were preserving Roman culture there. You can see this by how they were installing Roman institutions, had some functional working aqueducts from the knowledge of the Romans, and they also were inspired by the Byzantines. Leovigildo was the one visigothic king to actually carve out an identity for hispania as it’s own thing instead of just a province of an empire.
Alaric actually tried to stir up some kind of patriotic sentiments in Rome to "make the city of Rome great again" sort of, so his first two sieges of Rome were not military failures either. He just lifted those sieges when he thought he had gotten what he wanted from it, first some senators that would go and persuade Honorius to be reasonable, and the other time an usurper that could replace Honorius on the throne. Only when both schemes had failed did he actually sack the city.
gothic churches in fact franks alemans goths visigoth, briton were all the same, divided and later they believed they were different. rome was the south. they went south while the arabs iranians went north.
The Sack Of Rome in 410 was rather mild, and just only a rebellion against the Rotten Romans who mistreated the Visigoths...... Alaric I did nothing wrong. He did the right thing.
Alarico Balto who sacked Rome in 410 also freed goths ( some 20,000? ) taken slaves by Rome. He didn't "set Rome on fire" nor did he kill a lot of Romans. He died likely of malaria in the mezzo giorno, supposedly on his way to Africa. A river was dammed, he was buried in the riverbed, supposedly with treasure, and the waters were allowed to run again.
Vandels where non trinitarian of arian and this it gets lost in translation. During iconclasm and Islams rise is very connected . Was no Quran in Spain till 850 ad.
hello talk about of the Visigoths in the IBERIA peninsula NO Spain. Spain was founded in 1492 by the Visigoth kings Ferdinand and Isabel direct descendant of Visigoths in IBERIA. Saludos Iberos
Did he really say the people from Africa did it turned out to be a big thing they built so many universities and gave them Plumbing but if they weren't run off it wouldn't have gone down into a spiral e Dark Age. those were the Moors which means black
@pepe0801 sorry to debunk your theories but the white amazigh were only in Morroco so are the brown ones like the king of Morocco but white ones were from pre espana cause now I see the true Spanish history they were visigoths before they were Spanish they took that land over from Ummayad they had some kind of Sami blood line who gengis khan mixed with wich is why some yous have a Mongolian haplogroup in your DNA to but some how the southern European is in the brown north African to so brown an white berbers are family not the black ones
The title is insulting to Portugal as it completely disregards their long history. It is especially insulting as Portugal as a nation is much older than the nation of Spain. The title should have been "Visigothic Iberia (Spain and Portugal)".
Jorge is right Hispania would be the best as that was the latin name for the region. But calm down the suebians controlled most of Portugal for visigothic hispania's history. Leon a sucessor of asturias and castile (the direct predecessor to spain) united before portugal had become independent.
The history of the Iberian peninsula is a patchwork of wars and weddings, much like most of Europe. Usually you do see a lot of people throwing back the name of Spain into the middle ages as if if was kingdom when Hispania or Iberia was nothing but a geographical concept at the time. Take the words of Mariano Rajoy for example: "Spain is the oldest nation in Europe". Come on, let's get real!
Very easy this to hapen those years since the Roman soldiers where the.. only ones ...professionals ..and since left ...Gaul and Spain to Vishigot Mercenairies nobody was there to Face them......
29:18 'Some' raiders from North Africa 'calling themselves Muslims', wow, what a history lesson. What a sudden change in tone, the whole video loses credibility.
11:42 Yet the basques (plural) still exist to this day, and no visigoth in sight. Plus, it was a very short lived since the basques dont take kindly to foreign conquerors or rulers, not even to this day.
Well, the Visigoths were just the ruling class. They were Romanized before they even came to Iberia, and would have mixed with the Latin-descended locals and invading Muslims to become modern Spanish people. So it's not like they disappeared either. They were just similar enough to the local vulgar-Latin speakers that they with time were just considered the same people.
@@niclas3672 Most of the Muslims got expelled “either native or moor” by the the Christian kingdoms with every ounce of land they took. This is why most DNA people get from North Africa is 10% or less, even then it could be ancient because there were already North Africans that migrated during the bronze/Iron Age but got out bred by the Iberians and celts (those two mostly mixed together mostly)
True, I was just using a term that my students and average viewers are more likely to recognize. Visigothic Hispania would probably be a more accurate term, but it might deter potential viewers.
Thersites the Historian there was the Suebi Kigdom side by side with visigothic Kigdom as well. Only in 585 a.d. the visigothic kigdom became part of all Hispania. But, in fact, the Suebi Kigdom with origin in Schwaben, Stuttgart, Germany, was the first european kigdom, side by side with the Roman Empire. The Suebi Kigdom was, the very, very begining of the kigdom of Portugal wich is, in fact, much more older than the spanish kigdom.
When the Romans came into the peninsula they named it Hispania. Visigothic Spain is the beginning of the first Hispanian/Spanish Kingdom. Portugal is simply a region/province which existed as Lusitania and Galicia, During the kingdom of the Visigoths they unified all of Hispania into 1 kingdom . It was not until the arabs that the peninsula became disunified.
Also Spain is just the modern term for the country of Espana but that itselfs comes from the latin word for the peninsula"Hispania", the modern country of spain didn't exist just as the modern day france didn't exist but we call them by their modern day names usually. Spain and Hispania are pretty much the same term. just a Germanic version of the Term.
That is not exact. The Suevo kingdom does not correspond to the Portuguese kingdom, which is born much later, but to Roman Gallaecia, more or less. On the other hand, the Suevo kingdom did not pass south of the Tagus River and its center of gravity coincides with the current autonomous region of Galicia with a large part of Asturias, Leon and the north of Portugal.
My Grandfather is from a Visigothic Germanic Western name Gonzalo then changed to Gonzalez. Sons of Gonzalo. Military Knights that helped form the Capital Toledo 700A.D. He had aquamarine colored eyes. His dad was tall Caucasian looking with green eyes. Most of the families on both grandparents families we from Galicia Spain. Gallegos that were light skinned. Blonde, Red Heads and Brunettes. Yet they were written in History books as Askenazi and Sephardic Jews. Expulsed in 1492. On Christopher Columbus Ship or Cristobal Colon as they called him and were his linguistic majors. My Grandmother's side were darker complected nevertheless were Sephardic Jews as well. No doubt Hebrews. 🔯
Very interesting. Got the same last name from Mexico. I had light brown/blonde hair as a kid and have blonde actual blonde cousins. I have learned it comes from the Visigoths in Spain. Where do you get the info about the Jews in Galicia? My family is good with money 😂 and someone jokingly asked me if we had Jewish blood.
@@jcgonzalez3415 Well you can use Google. I spoke directly to a resident from Santiago Compostelo de St. James. Burial place of St. James from the New Testament and brother of Jesus. Same Parents. Roberto told me Galicia had sects or groups of people with on average 3 languages. Gallegos were descent from Germany. Celtic and Hebrew. Thus the variable shade in hair and eye colors. Me and Roberto looked identical in hair n eye color. Most Castilian descent came from same family trees. Commanders of the North. Kings of Leon & Kings of Aragon. Google up Fernan Gonzalez. 900 A.D. i got my info from two websites. Ancestry.com and Historical Research Center. Used my parents Birth Certificates to trace back. Apellidos de Sephardi(Spanish Jews) (Ashkenazi) German Jews. Same thing. Type of Jew is determined or branded by Geographic Location. G-dspeed.
Some flagrant errors in your presentation. The "natives" in Spain were not Romans, but Iberians, or Ibero-Romans. The Visigoths did not just break camp in France and went to Spain. The were slowly pushed out by the unstoppably stengthening Francs, and the went back and forth between Toulouse, Barcelona, Reccopolis depending on the current situation before finally settling in Spain. And their Kingship was at best nominally hereditary, as hardly a family manahed to go beyond 2 generations of kingship. The srlwction wqs a serious thing and so was murder, fratrized and general slaughter among families and friends of ex-kings.
“Trumpian”??! The only President in modern history -besides Carter maybe -to avoid new foreign entanglements….Justinian sending troops overseas is the antithesis of Trumpian. Your videos are so wel researched but that green curtain sure is furtive.
Appreciate the history here, but the comparison of Justinian to Trump isn't accurate. Justinian wanted to conduct a "Renovatio imperii Romanorum" which meant restoring the lost territories of the western Roman Empire. America hasn't lost any territories. If Justinian wanted to "make Byzantine great again" he would have shored up Anatolia to stop eastern invaders who eventually and slowly gobbled up Byzantium which led to the destruction of that empire.
Judaics were always a religion not a race. They were said to be a race in the 19th century. So we need to understand that. It wa a True religion vs a new Talmudic religion.
Every U.S. president will just be some dude until he is elected, then he will transform into the spawn of satan for 1/2 of the population, and into a savior for the other half. We are very victimized by the media.
'doesn't endear him to modern audiences'....(Isidore on jews)...what a load of crap..this is what is completely absurd with the younger generation trying to discuss history.....without "offending" anybody...this is when I turned this guy off..he offended me......
It's to much like a boring world history lecture in school. Learn these 500 dates. 50 on test. Good luck with that. Ha Ha, I'll fail most of you and pretend to care!!!
