This is exactly what RU-vid needed. tired of all the metaphor in explaining quantum physics, this comes straight from the horse's mouth, with the horse being mathematics.
I honestly don't think I've ever seen a more complete, accurate, and easily to understand visualization of such a complex subject (or at least, what others have made it out to be) in my life. Amazing. If only all subjects (computer science here) could be so perfectly visualized. I've never before realized how truly important it is to have an explanation of complex material/subjects be explained and visualized in an understanding way and how much you can learn based off this sort of material. I wish my professors could explain these subjects like this as a background, and THEN delve into the complexities. We'd all be better off for it, and I think learn much more in the end.
Synkronization Totally agree, very attractive to do a streamlined rundown of a thing-reminds me of the tone of the How It’s Made series. It’s way more coherent to pair visual and technical, so long as the animation is accurately translating the mathematical description of the phenomenon.
Synkronization I sent my friend this video to explain this whole concept, since it is at the core of very many micro mechanical concepts of reality of which I touch into
It's actually not that complex. I suspect the word you want is "subtle". QM is very subtle in manifold ways. PS: As a third-rate physicist I'm here to say that I'm a third-rate physicist.
Been reading books about quantum mechanics for years, and I've never completely understood nor could I tie everything together, this video explained things SO well, I almost cried. Awesome video.
The final part of the video visualized well how uncertainty decreases exponentially as you approach macroscopic scales. It's at this point where classical physics becomes a very good approximation.
There's nothing wrong with classical physics. It just doesn't work on a quantum level. But it works well enough that they can predict planetary orbits using laws of gravity and planetary motion developed by the likes of Newton and Kepler hundreds of years ago. Well enough that we sent men to the moon using Newton's laws of gravitation. And likewise, quantum mechanics is great for explaining how a single particle might behave. But not so great for large scale. And the analogies go on.
I think the reason why this video explains things so well's because of the visualization factor. In college, every time I didn't understand something (especially when it came to math) I'd ask the teacher to give me an example by drawing a graphic. It really helped a lot and made me think that not doing so is a big part of why mathematics, physics and other matters alike seem more difficult than what they really are
Not just that. There are all kinds of visualisations available in the last 10 years but none so far was so good as to grasp the essentials. The complex-valued wave function, its spread, and the Fourier transform.
In University Physics you’re expected to draw your own diagrams. Free Body diagrams and Ray Tracing, Circuits, E field, B field, Lorentz Force. I had to do an equation for homework that was how fast would a roller coaster loop have to go if it had an Elephant on it. I had fun with that one😂
As a physicist I have to thank you for making this video. Simulations like these are more tangible and easier to digest for younger minds. Your effort is greatly appreciated.
by all means explain how Heisenberg equations fit in to this model , as this would suggest a breaking of the wave function and not in the way explained
I hate those too, they think they're simplifying but really they just make the content more complicated by creating a false perception of what is going on. I especially hate it when the lesson is 10% actual science and the rest is just analogies for entertainment purposes. It's so hard to find decent visualizations like this one.
I am the beginning and I am the end, and I have written them both, 0, and 10,000,000,002,020 for you to be in. How can you be conscious if you are not conscious-0-of beginning consciousness? How can you be conscious of where you stand if the time the ground has recorded as being there is not now playing in your conscious moment? You cannot be defined by what you don't. Is Eternity there? Put it there 10,000,000,002,020 and find out.
A physics student is pulled over by a cop who asks him "Do you know how fast you were going?!" The student replies "No, but I know EXACTLY where I am!"
... now the cop is getting suspicious. He opens the trunk and asks the student “Since when did you have a dead cat in the trunk?!” The student replies “Since you opened my trunk.”
@@aslpuppy1026 The cop says he'll flip a coin to decide whether the student gets to leave or get a ticket first. heads is ticket, tails is leave. the coin lands tails, and the student pumps his fist. the cop asks, "why'd you pump your fist?" The student states "I knew I wouldn't get a ticket!"
First time I've ever actually managed to understand an explanation of quantum physics. With how everything was worded, I was actually able to intuit things ahead of time, and that pleases me more than I can describe. Thank you for this wonderful video.
Remarkable. So the more massive an object (compared to an electron), the less of an effect uncertainty has. So when you get to the macroscopic level, it's a concept completely foreign to an observer. This is why Newtonian physics is such a natural conclusion, because quantum effects are so negligible at our level.
Well things are not so easy unfortunately, otherwise the Schrödinger's cat paradoxon had no sense to be. For example there are Bose Einstein condensate which contain thousands of atoms, still they show nice QM behaviour.
I was assigned a high school chemistry paper on the development of the atomic model (and quantum theory), so I chose to write on the uncertainty principle. I never properly understood it until I saw this video. Total legend.
Did you study in the parallel universe where Marty McFly actually had a flying car in 2015? I didn’t study QM even in the University, at Computer Science. And the University is pretty good, compared to the other ones in the world.
@Odi I'm a chemistry teacher, public school in a good area. We teach quantum mechanics. I show them the key equations, and explain them qualitatively, but I don't expect them to use them because they don't have the calculus background. They also do research on this, biochemistry, etc. Students find that this is one of the most difficult but most interesting units.
@Odi Why would you make that assumption? The U.S. has over 300 million people. And, there is a large standard deviation in the quality of American High Schools. Therefore, the uncertainty in predicting a random American's quality of education is quite high.
Several reasons. These videos take a lot of work, especially this one. Also, it usually takes me time to decide on the next project, and I do a lot of different other stuff in between. I hope the next video won't take so long (as I said many times before).
With Richards comment “understand” applied properly to the world would be a perfect word for infinite. Sad that humbleness turns one into a plea to oneself to be cleansed of moral ownership to ones to idea. As we all like to propose theories in some form and for one to propose a theory, it could then be said they do actually have an understanding of some form of some part to form the theory. And that belief in itself can be grown into reality to be considered understood. However as humans why would we take that on? Why make are lives more difficult. Their is no reason other then to have the motivation to bring that idea to the front of what it is everyone will believe in. Repeat a message enough times, right? “We all have an understanding in our own minds and that simply is enough to say that is why we are here today.”
Well, that sentence refers to its interpretations. I studied a degree in physics, master in theoretical physics and I'm about to start a PhD in particle physics so: yes, I understand quantum THEORY but I don't understand at all how the f*** the world apply those weird properties of the theory...
Whilst I'm not a fan of skipping over equations, derivations and insights from pure maths, quantum mechanics is a vast, complex, in depth subject, and is usually bogged down in mathematics, so it is often highly misunderstood by alot of people (to the dismay of the average person who wants to learn about the laws if physics, not the law of attraction). This video makes the key concepts of quantum mechanics (uncertainty, fourier transforms, wavefunctions, position and momentum bases, measurement, collapse, and the classical limit) very easy to understand conceptually, and it is also very accurate and concise. It doesn't bring up interpretations, spend 10 minutes despairing about the measurement problem, EPR or philosophy, and also doesn't throw 300 equations at you wihout explanation (school systems take note). Overall a really good video for anyone who wants to get unto quantum mechanics.
@pyropulse Yeah i agree it is very susccinct and without fluff. What i meant is that, to the average person, searching online you find either highly technical and mathematically rigourous videos and lectures, or, as you said, videos that are borderline lying to the viewer, shrouding the subject in fluff and mystery. This video demonstrates the key mathematical concepts with essentially no actual maths and is succinct and accurate.
Yet the video couldn't let go of macro-morphist analogy like "particle" and "measurement" even though they avoided mentioning the disastrously misleading "observer" metaphysics
I am a Physics student. This video was incredibly helpful. I will watch it several times again to embed all the visualization in my mind for further use. Thank you so much. This video exactly fulfilled what I lake for several years.Truly appreciate it.
When I was at uni, I found some similar interactive simulations at www.falstad.com/mathphysics.html#qm I definitely recommend these to any physics student, since they not only apply these concepts to more complex systems, the ability to tweak the parameters gives a lot of intuition quickly.
It may help to know that the spiraling is happening in the complex plane. She never said it, but the direction "into the page" is the imaginary numbers. So this is a free particle plotted on the position plane (a complex plane) over time. The "straight on" view angle is such that you only see the projection of the "real" number portions of the wave function. When you can see the spiraling, that's happening in the complex numbers.
The las bit where the mass is increased and therefore the uncertainty shrinks. Is that the reason why we don't see QM effects in our macro scale world?
Personally, I think it's more complex than that. I think that the reason is that the only quantum states that are stable over a long period of time and larger distances (aka that what we can observe as the apparent reality) are those that correspond to "classical" states; therefore only classical states make up our reality; but doing a measurement of a microscopic quantum state still escalates the microscopic and short term (the time at which the measurement was done) to the macroscopic, resulting in a projection of the classical states (ie, being detected, or not being detected) that the measured microscopic system is a superposition of into a macroscopic wave function that is best understood as existing of different realities. This is the many world interpretation of QM.
If your detection machine (your eye) spans across a much bigger section of this visualized line then you're far more likely if not certainly going to detect it, multiply that a few billion times and you have a solid object in your view. Am I understanding this correctly. And when a particle is observed, it hardens its position in space? uncertainty goes out the window?
What the hell is that?! ; This is unbelievably great .. if there is a Nobel prize for RU-vid scientific representations your video certainly deserve it ! I can't wait to watch more of your videos; and off course I am a subscriber!
As someone who just studies Physics for the personal interest of it, and has a hard time trying to understand some things dealing with Quantum Mechanics, I found this to be very fairly easy to understand. More so than any other visual aid I've seen so far. So thanks for the work you put into making this. I definitely subscribed.
The only thing missing from this beautiful video is a discussion of how the narrow wavefunctions at the end approach (in fact are) classical mechanics.
Forces on a particle (in the classical model) are represented with a variation of the index of rifraction that affect the way the wave moves, the oribit is the same as the classical one
It did at least a good job showing how uncertainty decreases exponentially going from very small scales to macroscopic scales, at this point where classical physics becomes a very good approximation.
No and yes? On the surface not really complicated animations but beneath the surface quite complex and bloody amazing work. Looking at the same thing from many points of view. Thank you!
This is an amazingly well constructed video on quantum mechanics! As a rule of thumb when it comes to quantum mechanics videos: if the video mentions consciousness, it's probably bullshit.
@@shawarmageddonit It's not. There are just many people who don't want it to be true because of implications it can have. Delayed choice isolated information determination, as the factor causing the wave function to collaps. Not interaction from measurement.
The wave function moving brought back memories of watching Tom and Jerry and how the water in their pipes flow and then to my disappointment realizing it didn't flow like that in real life xD , also the video was really easy to understand :D Thanks !
I'm an electrical engineer and physics enthusiast I've watched and read quite a bit about quantum physics This video is the best I've ever seen. Its in a league of its own, far above the others. It's even better than Brian Greene explanations - and his are very good. This video deserves some high level recognition and accolades. I'm not in a position to bestow such but would like to add my own "Well done!" to whatever praise you receive. I have 2 questions: 1) What tools and software packages did you use to do this?, 2) When you show the part with the white arrow "spinning faster" when the particle has higher velocity and more curls - you show it with the wave packet stationary in time and you move the white arrow along the time axis. What do you really mean by saying the arrow spins faster? Are you saying that if the white arrow was placed at one point of the wave packet, and kept there as the wave packet moved forward (let's say it stays at the middle of the wave packet as the wave packet travels) then as the wave moves forward along the position axis that the white arrow will spin faster as the wave moves forward in comparison to a wave with a slower velocity? ie is the whole wave packet rotating - like a corkscrew thru space, and faster particles are corkscrews that not only move forward faster, but also spin about the position axis at a faster rate (more revolutions per second)?
Thanks a lot! I appreciate it. Regarding your questions: 1) I use Autodesk Maya. It's a powerful 3d animation tool (not easy to learn). 2) Yes, this scene shows the wave packet stationary in time. The white arrows move along the position axis, not the time axis. That is, we describe the spatial properties of the wave function at this particular time, and not how it evolves. The white arrow spins faster, since the second wave function has more 'curls' per unit of space. What represents a velocity of v are v curls per 2pi units of space. You ask what will happen if we fix the white arrow in space, and let the wave function evolve with time: I'm not sure. Let me check the formulas again later, and I'll get back to you.
This video is fantastic. How did you make these animations? I've always been curious how people make these animated diagrams and graphs, they're always so neat
A very intuitive video! I'm an English teacher, and, somehow, I found myself completely enthralled by the video. Particularly, the inverse relationship between position and velocity because it makes intuitive sense! If we've measured a particle and know exactly where it is, we can't judge the how fast it is moving--much like a photograph. However, if we try to measure the particle but miss it, even though we were confident it would be within the measurement range, that tells us that it's probably moving faster or slower than our prediction, which makes its velocity more certain. I also loved the sciences for its concepts, which were easy enough to understand, but I was always turned off the mathematics because of its sterility.
@@socratese5 We have calculated the probability that you passed HS grammar and punctuation to be 40%. We base this on the unnecessary apostrophe in the word "it's". That word, as you spelled it, means "it is" making your sentence, "...collapsing it is waveform". We could continue to explain, but we must sing Daisy Bell soon.
Also, most students suck extremely. You realize that the "memorization" you talk about can normally be translated to a student actually understanding the principles. Most the time someone feels like school is just "memorization" is because they don't try to think critically, explore more topics, or actually learn, they're just worried about passing the class, and so instead of actually retaining anything, they cram before an exam, then wonder why a few weeks later they don't remember anything, because surprise, they stopped worrying about the topic and just let it slip. As the person whom was both of these students, I can attest. Yes, the class/instructor should try as hard as they can to involve you and make you critically think. But in general the subjects being taught are fascinating, and if you don't give a crap about them, it doesn't matter how well the teacher teaches, if you don't care about what you're learning, you're just going to memorize to pass the tests, then drop everything you learned (or worse, not memorize, not care, and just fail, or somewhere in-between). I've had a few classes like that (generally history/anthropology classes not related to my degree), and surprisingly the others (that actually affected my career), I paid attention to, and actively sought new information on my own (gasp.... without the instructor telling me to learn on my own :o) And guess what? A lot the the info I learned on my own, or went beyond and critically thought about beyond what the instructor had done, actually helped me more, and conversely the info the course taught me aided me in future topics because I didn't just "memorize" them. I had to memorize less and less, because I could actually apply concepts to anything I learned, or it went beyond simple "memorization" to pass, and more to "memorization" because you do it all the time and love it, or just use it all the time. Also, for the history/anthropology classes I mentioned above no offense, I find them fascinating, I found all of my classes fascinating, I just didn't care for exploring the topics. And again, I could have easily actually "cared" more and critically thought about the anthropology topics in a way that was not merely "memorization", but I didn't really want to as I was far too busy with others, so I just flat-out memorized before the tests/exams, and surprise, lost all the information a few weeks/months later. Meanwhile, the information I learned that I actually cared about stuck. And yes, I've had my fair share of professors, some who were very passionate, others... not so much, some classes which were very critical and hands on, and others that were heavily text-based. And for all of them there are ways to engage yourself and critically learn, with or without the instructor. The student should try to "make the class work for themselves" as best they can. And honestly, if you don't enjoy a topic, it's going to be difficult to appreciate and retain it anyway, because chances are you dislike it and won't actively use/learn more about it, thus it just "fades away" in your mind. And yes, liking something doesn't always mean you'll remember it, and vice versa. There's plenty of topics I "hate" but am "forced" to remember, but I still don't consider them memorization. Blaming the education system itself is lazy. While I will not fully defend it, and yes, some teachers/classes really are just horrid, I feel placing ALL the blame on the education system is a poor excuse.
Memorization and understanding can happen at the same time. I'm sure some people have valid criticisms against different forms of education, but most people are just bickering because they don't want to have to "memorize" that a negative times a negative is a positive. Sometimes it's appropriate to memorize; other times it's appropriate to understand; other times it's appropriate to apply.
why am i watching this for fun instead of doing actual home work why does this seem interesting why is this the first educational RU-vid video that i'm not watching for school
This is the best physics video about QM ever. Please don't stop! What is so incredibly good about it is that everything you show is EXACT. Ever seen videos about -say- the 2 slit experiment? Seems normal people really don't care about precision, which can only be explained by them NOT understanding the issue. But it hurts my brain when simulations aren't mathematically correct. Seeing precise simulations is a JOY and I learn so much from the details that can't be captured in the words. Thank you! Please make more videos showing 100% accurate simulations!
this video literally made quantum mechanics easy to grasp :D ...... please make more videos on Visualizations like this ........ like general relativity .
Wow, this video is so fantastic. It very well goes over those concepts and ties it into (at the end) why we can be so certain about position and velocity of macroscopic objects. Thank you so much for this, its really good.
This is certainly one of the greatest videos explaining quantum mechanics ive seen. It even logically explains why massive objects behave like in classical mechanics without explicitly saying it. It explains why you would say that a higher mass particle would have a higher frequency momentum wave function. And it kinda shows how observation works, its not that suddenly the universe completely changes, but now that there is more definite information about the particle, it is no longer a possibility for the particle to be in that location, so the wave function collapses, and then just continues to evolve through time. It explains heisenberg uncertainty principle without even mentioning it. Certainly an amazing video and visualization, congratulations
This is the most amazing description of quantum’s mechanics I ever seen. In 2 mins. The details the reason s why I needed to learn about those simple points in the graph and the manipulation of numbers. No one ever explained it visually to me before. Crazy’s
That particular sound effect sounded like it came from My surroundings and not the video. I had to pause the video because I thought it was something within my surroundings making that noise. (Listening to it with headphones gave that effect). Still cannot detect it as part of the video no matter how much times I replay it.
I guess we only have such sensor (observational instrument) which changes the behavior of the observed phenomenon. As if you could check wether there is a fly in a tube only with a spider net. If the net shakes you know that there is a fly, but from now on the fly does not fly anymore.
It's simple. Imagine a tree falling in a forest with nobody around to observe it. It is both fallen and standing until the first observer walks by and thus does not make a sound.
Apres des centaines de pages , des hamiltoniens , des valeurs propres et vecteurs propres ....cette vidéo arrive et rend tout plus clair. Bravo ! Et merci aussi.
Hot damn, this is the most easily digested explanation of some of the behaviors of quantum waveforms I have ever seen demonstrated. Great job! Also who and/or what speech synth does your narration? It sounds as natural and pleasing as heck, save that I don't know any humans with the patience to speak with that little deviation in pitch and pace for that long which suggests that it must somehow be on rails.. ;3
This is SO informative. Really makes Quantum Physics clear. One minor nitpick. I think you should have explained that the values of the wave function are complex numbers, with real and imaginary axes at right angles to each other, which is how it's possible for the wave to rotate around the direction line.
Im an engineering graduate and I could say I had no frickin idea about the Fourier series in Transforms and partial differential equations (TPDE) And man I really really wish I found this video earlier. This could have made it a whole lot easier.
I have completely forgotten about my subscription to You but I am very happy I did and I found this video very interesting. Makes me want to crack open a maths book just to get a refresher on Fourier Transforms since they seem odly familiar from my studies. Thank You for a great informative video!!
Because I have a learning disability that affects my ability to recall digits, the calculation part of mathematics was always a struggle. Because equations were typically introduced to me independent of the function performed, my comprehension was low. I love about this video the fact that it does not present me with the operation of calculations that underpin concept but lay out for me in the visual terms I'm comfortable with, a framework for comprehending in functional terms what these calculations allow us to determine. I feel much better informed now about what these commonly heard names in quantum physics contributed to our understanding. You've done a beautiful job here of explaining in simple terms what is quite complex to calculate for ourselves. Presuming your math is correct, I feel impressed by your accomplishment.
This is the video everyone needs to understand quantum mechanics. I was confused in quantum mechanics before I saw this video. Now I understand more clearly.
I've done engineering but I seriously didn't know wtf I was doing with Fourier's series and transformation and probability distribution finding the mean and standard Deviation of a function now I get it all.. all the pieces are getting together and the picture seems much more clearer now... Thank you so much!!!!
Finally. After more than a decade of trying to understand wave collapse, to finally see it simulated in front of my eyes clicked a lot of other things in place. Awesome! I'm so grateful to be living in the 21st century after all this was discovered. I couldn't imagine growing up in a world ignorant of all the things we take for granted. Like the fact I'm typing this a thousand miles away from the server recording it.
If you can't explain what you discovered to your grandmother, you didn't understand it at all. You thought it to many regular ppl out there. Great job.
The location of a quantum object doesn't change upon measurement. The measurement merely allows us to know the particle's position. You can't "re-do" the experiment, that would require going back in time.
Incredible. I've been reading about these topics for several weeks and this video helped them all click intuitively in a way I never expected. Thank you!
I really liked how at the end of the video the mass was increased and velocity held constant to show that Newtonian physics is a simpleton's quantum physics without outright stating it
Great work! Thank you! This video really helps to form an idea about the objects of the microcosm and the features of their behavior without deeply immersing in complex mathematics. One point with measurement device is not clear enough though. Measurement or observation of an electron and, let say, an airplane is not the same thing. The interaction of an electron with some other particle should happen in order to detect this electron. So, the question is, when does the wave function begin to change? Right after the button is pressed or when the result is known?
As soon as the interaction that the button machine causes takes place. It's actually the same as observing an airplane, only here you have to make some interaction happen instead of using ones naturally happening, with sunlight for example. The button box might shoot a photon at the electron, or the electron passes through some electromagnetic field that the button box creates (using more electrons). The wave function collapses as soon as the electron interacts with anything else basically.
Awesome video. Thanks. p.s. Never watch this in complete dark room before bedtime in headphones. Whole video is silent, only person talking, but at 12:58 I thought someone was braking into my house
Exactly same happened to me, I was watching this at bedtime,with my headphones and this sound made me so scared like something massive thing is falling.
So many quantum physics videos brush off the mathematics behind these concepts as too complicated to include, which is true. This video does a great job of touching on the complex math involved. Excellent video!
