What EXACTLY is Temperature?! 

Don't understand why these videos aren't more popular. Bloody good job.

What I find funny is when I try to learn new concepts, I teach them to myself in my head, even asking questions and replying. These conversations are remarkably similar to that of you and your clone dude.. lol

People who not only KNOW a lot about a topic but also share what they know in an amazing understanding way>>>>>> UR DOING AMAZING!

That's a good explanation of the practical meaning of temperature, but more generally the concept can be applied to any system with a Boltzmann distribution of energy, regardless of whether it is made up of "matter", and it can also be generalized into several kinds of "temperature" in the quantum case, e.g. based on the partial derivative of the energy with respect to entropy.

Americans and the metric system don't go along...do they??

Dude you are awesome. I am a Mech. ENG on to study medicine thanks for helping me REMEMBER complex STUFF!

So why doesn't the temperature drop inside a vaccuum chamber if we pump out most of the air? How many molecules do we need to take out of a chamber before it starts to cool significantly? Is it possible to insulate something with a near vacuum?

A lot of human perception of temperature is also based on conductivity. Things that are more conductive feel colder to us because hear escapes into and out of it faster. It gives us a weird relationship with temperature because the actual number on the thermometer is just a small part of what goes into our perception of temperature.

Best explanation of temperature I’ve seen so far

Nice to see that you used Richard Feynman's temperature analogy with the damp towels.

temperature indicates the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance. best example is if we have have a drum of water at 30 Celsius and a glass of water at 100Celsius. then we can see that the total kinetic energy of all the molecules in drum is much greater than total kinetic energy of all the molecules in glass of water. but if we look at average energy it is just opposite. temperature is due to molecular motion. the potential energy due to the bonding etc does not contribute to temperature

Could you pls do a supplementary video on why temperature doesnt change during melting and boiling? And what exactly is potential energy of molecules?

Heat and Freeze, is the Two Legs, as the entire Stuff-side walk on, all Stuff (+Mind-Stuff) is a certain composition of Heat and Freeze.

Subscribed, thanks for video. One thing I always fail to understand is why ppl of science would use non metric measures. Imperial or US standard is so unhelpful when converting across vitually everything. My perfect temperature is 20°C. I am perfectly aware of it's relationship to freezing, boiling, my ideal body temp and the swimming pool next door. I also can easily translate to weight or volume if needed, all without having to use a calculator.

Can someone please explain from 0.46 to 0.57 didnt quite follow what mr Lucid was trying to say.thanks.

Cool video! I mean: I like the temperature of my videos to be on the cooler side.

1:47 I am slightly turned on by the jiggle molecule... is that ok?

Temperature is a measure of a coldness or hotness of object. The temperature of an increase when it gain heat and decreases when it loses heat

I love Nick so much. Seeing his face makes me happy:) Spread the science fun yiew!!! Thankyou for sharing your gifts!

you are the best in explaining everything, love it

If a body of mass accelerates linearly and speed inceases, the average kinetic energy per molecule increases. Does it mean the temperature of this body of mass increases? My instinct is no but I cannot explain why. From the individual molecule's point of view, the average kinetic energy must have increased. Does the molecule know which part of the kinetic energy is for temperature and which part is for the linear motion?

My favorite temperature is -40 degrees. Fahrenheit or Celsius, doesn't matter.

Remember: temperature is defined only for systems in a stable equilibrium state while energy and entropy are always defined. Also temperature is related to the tangent of the curve (in the energy-entropy plane) of the stable equilibrium states of a system. More infos on the thermodynamic book of Gyftopoulos-Beretta

my fav temp is 1.417E32 K, not too warm not too cold ^_^

Get this guy more subscribers already!!

I am trying to figure out what the difference between temperature and pressure is on the microscopic level. They seem to be the same, both are due to the movement of the atoms/molecules. Yet they are described differently as p/t*v=c How does this work?

I got into a big trouble with my one atom in a space thought experiment (how to define its heat). This video clarified it instantly! Thank you, sir!

wicked awesome ..... you are great! you don't duck the Q's by asking but what exactly is it??? and make me chuckle as well..

It is very important to be a little crazy.

Is it possible to cool things with microwaves? Why microwaves always hot things? Or with a magnetic field? Is it possible to cool something with a magnetic field?

This guy is the absolute best. I live near Ann Arbor and hope I run into him one day to give him a high 5

3:03 mine is between 75 F and 84 F

Wow,some ppl are going deep in these comments.. I'll have to wait for your comment response time on this to sort the wheat from the chaff,so to speak..

It's a great video. I have a question hope it's not silly. How exactly is temperature passed from one object to another since they are just kinetic energy of electrons, atoms, and molecules? Meaning someone next to me running around in the room doesn't make me run too. Thanks in advance!

It's just motion of molecules or atoms about a point. Terms team aperture (tem-perature) explain it well. Closely related terms are phonons, infrared rays, electromagnetic radiation, 🔥heat. About light 🌑, it takes more energy to knock the electron about inside the atoms, so a 100 watt LED visible light lamp won't heat 🔥up the object as much as IR would.

im just watching this for my test so this is so helpfull thx for doing these vids

+Polska Pro....There is an absoulute hot..I meant there is a temperature which is considered to be the maximum limit of temp...its called 'Planck Temperature' its 2.55*1032 degrees Fahrenheit. Nick please correct me if I am wrong

Hey nick. yesterday i was confused by a teacher , he told me that temperature is only the degree of hotness not coldness , because that we measure it with thermometer which means to measure heat . please nick could you really explain it to me because i am with my studies and i can make my prof understand as well. please let me know as fast as you can..

I love the Batman shirt in the shower!

How does the kinetic energy of one molecule influence/interact with another? Is it that as one molecule "jiggles" so to does its influence on the electromagnetic field and when it approaches another molecule their individual effects on the field interact? I'm imagining a process similar to how photons were described as causing charges of molecules to wiggle in the Rayleigh scattering video. Basically how does heat transfer actually work?

I think you were the one who explained this in another video, but since temperature is about kinetic energy, if there's a mixture of more than one type of gas molecule, then when they reach temperature equilibrium, the molecules with less mass will have more speed per molecule than the larger gas molecules. This explains (though incompletely, as I understand it), why lighter gases more easily achieve escape velocity in the upper atmosphere. Really interesting stuff. It _is_ kind of weird to think that the intermolecular motion can't be directly translated to making the whole mass move faster or slower, but that's how averages work. Because velocity is squared in calculating KE, the average effective speed is positive. But if we re-added (thing?) direction to the kinetic energy, the whole system would be zero. Plus, we're already used to the idea that rotational momentum can't spontaneously become linear motion (and actually for the same reason: the linear speed is zero when you put all the chunks back together), so maybe it shouldn't be as hard to "let go" of as it seems at first.

Heat has turned out to be far more confusing that I could have imagined. So far I have put together the understanding that atoms vibrate in specific patterns, and molecules vibrate as a combination of those patterns. The more atoms in a molecule, the more complex the motion. Do I have that right? What actually causes that motion, is it the vibration described by quantum physics? It makes me wonder what actual paths the nucleus and the electrons are taking that cause the motion.

I was going to quote The Venture Brothers, but it looks like the Eldorado Canyon Mine Tour also attests to "a cool comfortable 70 degrees".

My ideal temperature is 9. What's that? Nine _what?_ Oh, I don't know. Just 9.

Sitting in the house: 68°. Outside: 73°. Riding the Harley: 82°.

Nice illustration that we don't actually understand what is temperature :) (at least I don't) Good point that just naming averages isn't always helpful (and if it can lose meaning then imho that meaning wasn't very accurate in the first place). I think in order to understand Temperature better (at quantum level) we should try to observe and analyze exactly those extremes: absolute zero (if it's actually achievable, or at least test it mathematically if no possible in a lab), and how exactly temperature is transferred between objects with temperature difference. For example it wasn't that long ago I suddenly realized that if you need material contact to transfer temperature, then in vacuum of space even if "ambient temperature" is about 2°K you wouldn't freeze like you would in extreme cold on Earth (where you're either in water or air environment), or even if considering that vacuum isn't ideal the surrounding particles extreme scarcity would take away your temperature very very slowly ... Well turns out we lose temperature also by infra-red radiation which doesn't require material medium. But even if counting infrared radiation you would lose your temperature in space (in much higher temp.difference env.) slower than on Earth (in much lower temp.difference env.) - that's why we use vacuum in thermos bottles. Also particles in space might actually increase your temperature just as most of them increase Earth's temperature (well at least high-energy particles like the ones the Sun shoots at us). It's a similar question with the decompression expansion in vacuum. Fluids that don't have strong (or none at all) inter-molecular bonds would simply fly-away of rapidly decrease the frequency at which they hit each other. And we know from observation that in such cases temperature loss is very rapid (that how your deodorant gets colder when you use it for a bit longer). But this puzzles me - if during the decompression expansion of a gas its molecules are flying away from each other and for that period they hit each other less and less then how is temperature loss so fast?! :/ Also at these critical limits that many materials change their aggregate state - solid, liquid, gas & plasma we know (again from observation) that the big energy change leads to fast temperature changes. To simplify - at most elementary level - we know that why photons have only kinetic energy, they can still change electrons' energy levels, and apparently increase the atoms (and molecules) temperature. But assuming we can for example release (and measure the temperature of) a single hydrogen atom from ISS then how (and how fast) would this atom lose its temperature - or in other terms how it would lose its energy that it had just a moment ago at about 293°K (ie about 20°C in the space station). And have we mapped this energy change to the atom's constituent particles energies? Also why do we emit infrared radiation in space (assuming we're warmer than 0°K), I mean why not radio-waves? Do these energy-changes of the above H-atom only come in discreet levels - so that for example the H's electron can drop its energy-level with exactly one level; how to protons & neutrons lose energy in vacuum, and so on ...

ok and what about the temperature of a small number of particles/molecules? btw great video

Outdoors, my ideal temperature is between 75 and 85 °F. Indoors, it's between 65 and 75 °F.

Can you please explain what static pressure really is in a pipe? What exactly has happened to the water molecules after the pump? Has the pipe become more "crowded" with water molecules? How does that work when water is considered incompressible?

I've always heard heat is infrared waves/infrared radiation. What's up with that?

So the reason because temperature stabilises beetween objects is because of entropy right? Please correct me if I'm wrong because i've watched your newer videos and I feel like you would conclude it also here. Unless I'm getting something wrong and switching concepts or something.

Isn't 68-74 degrees the ideal temperature for ale fermentation?

Why do the 4 fundamental forces merge into one unified filed if temperature gets hot enough? I want to know why temperature unifies the universe into one filed, and one substance?

Love this video and have seen it multiple times.

If all the molecules in a container are moving in the same direction at a particular speed, let's say running in circles clockwise because of a magnetic field or something, would you measure different temperatures spinning around the container in the same direction and with the same speed and standing still? In case you're spinning and it looks colder than the rest of the room to you, wouldn't you be you seeing a colder object passing energy to a hotter object? Thank you for your awesome videos.

So if there was no matter in the big bang, i.e. the universe existed in a small dense state of pure energy, how did the universe even have a temperature to cool off to allow baryo and leptogenesis and allow matter to form? Also EXACTLY what do they mean by pure energy? I hear that description a lot but have never seen it elaborated upon.

My ideal temperature is -30 degrees Celsius. Then I can wear those heavy woolen coats that make me look like a civil war general.

My favorite temperature is somewhere around 3 megakelvin. I enjoy fusing lithium.

Hello Nick! Please explain how decreasing temperature by using lasers works.

I don’t get it...yet...I’d like to see this down to quantum level, please. I temperature linear or quantified? I mean for a single molecule or smaller?

Im trying to grasp your two videos on pressure and temperature... So temperature is the movement of molecules if it does not change the shape of the macroscopic object. When we measure temperature with a Hg or alcohol thermometer we use that the liquid expands when the temperature goes up, that is it changes the borders of the object. Pressure is the force from the bumps of the molecules going in the direction of the probe? you talked about shifting spinning and so on. Can all these movements contribute to temperature and pressure? I mean if I measure the expanding of a liquid I have a hard time understanding why spinning could change the borders of an object. Also If pressure is the movement of the molecules applying a force to a surface and temperature is the molecules movements why do you get burnt by one and don't feel force and feel force by the other? Does it have to do with elastic and non elastic collisions with the surroundings?

19~21c

why is temperature constant at boiling point or melting point

If temperature is average kinetic energy of molecules of a matter then why its unit is Kelvin or celcius why not joule ?????? Please reply

Love your videos man subbed! Would love to see you explain entropy hehe and that’s a joke because you just did lol

This dragon likes his temp at 80 F....nice and toasty!

I LOVE these videos!

I am kind of on board with you with the ideal temperature. I'll go with a little hotter on a windy day or in a windy area like by a lake, but in general I'll go for a little cooler so I can put on a flannel or something instead of being drenched in sweat because it's too hot. I've been stationed in the tundra of Fort wainwright, fairbanks, Alaska, which at the time the temperatures in winter time were 20° to -20° fahrenheit, not counting any wind chill, and it was also a dry cold then. I've also been stationed at Fort irwin, barstow, Mojave desert, bordering on Death Valley, California, we're temperatures would reach 120° Fahrenheit. And I would much rather be in the cold, where I can get warm or prevent getting cold in the first place, just by my choice of clothing, than somewhere hot, where the only recourse is air conditioning.

If light does not have a temperature, that sort of makes sense, what is infrared light? How does infrared light create heat?

tricky part about all this "temperature" stuff for me is how one apply term "kinetic energy" to quantum object. What kinetic energy electron can have? Is this even right question? It is a wave after all. Ok, I can ask this about nuclei. At least it is not wave. Or is it? What is this moment, when molecule "absorb" quant of energy wich encrease it's kinetic energy? Or all this works some other way? How exactly termal energy flows from one molecule to another? Don't know answer on any of this questions.

Hi Nick! You say, "light doesn't have temperature" and "without matter, the concept of temperature doesn't even make sense". Then how come CMB and black holes have temperature associated with them? Thank you!

I love the explanation for the most part but it kinda had me questioning my definition of temperature, only to find out that my definition was exactly what you said. But I don’t blame you I blame science.

I still don’t understand how it gets cold it winter time

Thanks , i was finding the answer & i got

Ok an average movement per molecule is a good short definition, thanks

Bro thank you so much. Took me an hour to find this information. I actually had to search "quantum temperature" 🤦‍♂️

So why don't we just measure kinetic energy in Joules/mol?

All jokes and memes aside, my favorite temperature of all time is 69 degrees F. Seriously. While driving, I always gravitate towards 69 degrees in my AC because it's not too hot nor too cold- it just feels perfect. Weirdly though, 69 MPH is also my favorite speed to drive at on the freeway- it's neither too fast nor too slow. It just feels "right". I am also getting close to 69k miles in my vehicle, so I'm excited for that.

One thing I'm still a little confused by - sure, temperature is the average kinetic energy per molecule, not counting the large-scale kinetic energy of things those molecules make up. But how big does a molecule have to be before its motions aren't part of temperature? It seems to me that a room full of perfectly elastic tennis balls (insert "Physics laaaaaand!" jingle here) in a vacuum in orbit around Earth (so no effect from gravity) would behave like a box of gas molecules in the ideal gas law. Yet it doesn't seem right to say the motions of those tennis balls are part of "temperature," even if their behaviour is more or less the same as molecules, just on a larger scale. But if not tennis balls, what about... marbles? Sand grains? Dust specks? Cells? Mitochondria? Ribosomes? Viruses? Protein molecules? Amino acids? Water molecules? Atoms? Atoms yes, marbles no. Where along that size hierarchy does motion stop being part of an object's temperature? If I say my liver (for example) is at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius, I'm saying the molecules in it are moving around with a certain average kinetic energy. But what molecules are we talking about? Water molecules and other small molecules like amino acids, yes. What about larger molecules like proteins? Long strands of DNA? Entire chromosomes? After all, a chromosome does contain one really long molecule of DNA. How about the ribosomes in the liver cells, or any viruses that may be infecting them? I'm pretty sure we're not talking about my liver cells as a whole, and definitely not my entire liver! So where do we draw the line?

What I just don't get is: why am I sitting here indoors in 17C on the thermometer in November all wrapped up in order to keep warm, yet I can actually sunbathe in 17C outdoor temperatures in late March? WTF?

when water transitions from liquid to solid, the internal thermal engery reduces a lot. its the equivalent difference in thermal energy to water cooling from 80 degrees c to 0 degrees c. and yet it happens all at about the same temperature. so i am not completely convinced by this average explanation. ps: i just saw lost in space and got turned off by the quick freeze plot hole

I love your videos because we understand esliye

81 degrees Fahrenheit or 27 to 30 degrees Celsius

What is heat and whats the difference between temperature and heat?

I am baffled by the concept of kinetic energy and potential energy. On which lense are we going to view and define it? Micro-level or macro-level? Generally, it is said that K.E. is energy in motion and P.E. is energy at rest. However Kinetic Molecular Theory states that "matter is made up of particles that are constantly moving." Solid matter for example, at a macro-level, can be observed having K.E. if it's moving, and P.E. if it's not. However, what we don't see at the micro-level are the particles which are always in motion (vibratory motion for atoms and even the electrons itself are in motion) even if the solid matter being observed appears not to be moving. Just want to know if there are any clear-cut explanations and/or definition with regard to how the K.E. should be understood or studied? Thinking about KMT, it gives me the impression that P.E. seems inexistent. Thanks

This is wonderful.

You said average to many times in this video (just kidding, your channel is awesome)

These videos aren't so popular because most youtubers prefer more silly things than lucidly crazy things.

My favorite temperature is 20-23.33 celcius.

Hey Nick! I watched a video on liquid helium. They showed that liquid helium climbed over and escaped the container. My question is, when it was climbing it had to do work against gravity. So where that energy is coming from to make it climb the wall? Second question: Where do you take such silly questions? On YT comment section or some other platform?

@The Science Asylum Isn't there something missing here? Isn't it the average translational kinetic energy? Rotational and vibrational states add to the average kinetic energy, but not to the temperature. But they do increase the heat capacity; that is the amount of energy required to change the temperature by a certain amount.

Bro we have the same towel. Great video though, that wasn't my only takeaway haha

Mind blowing.

Sir, will you publish a video about Degrees of freedom? I find this item confusing

Hey Nick I have been struggling to grasp a concept and I am sure you would be able to help me...It is a known fact that electricity is flow of electron. So if current is flowing from a conduction, say, a copper wire which has 29 electrons. So there are 29 electrons inside copper atom which makes up the conducting wire...So if electricity is flow of electron than definitely there must be some source from which this electron are coming from....what is that source?? and why doesn't that source run out of electron after it is used...If the source is the copper own electron which is flowing to do the work why is it that a time doesn't come where copper has no more electron which it can allow to flow as electric current...Sorry for big and confusing question but i m sure you would have understood the essence of my question...

02:06 "Voice of reason" Hahahahahaha cant stop laughing

Does adding temperatures makes sense ? example 100 + 100 =? [DEGREES CELSISUS]

My ideal temperature is always 98.6°F.

temperature is average kinetic energy...then is temperature times number of molecules in the system is its total energy?

Nick, what is the temperature if it is 0 degrees Celsius times 2? Or 10 degrees Celsius times 2? Is there a way to calculate that?