if you read the notice it actually confirms what I said in the video, which I think is timing so perfect I wouldn't believe it wasn't fake if I was you
@@djdoolittle1315 Or what? Seriously, what do you think you can do if I say I think illegal riders are a pain and should be controlled by ramming if necessary? 🤣🤣🤣
Yes it happened where I live; e scooters, cyclists old people in tanks, they go on the path and road, with no issues with cops or pcsos, and I have never seen any of them hit anyone, I only had one old guy in a tank drive over my foot, it was ok it did not hurt and I can walk he can't.
@@micahpartridge6122 doesnt mean it was illegal. Look at the physics behind the electric motor. It isnt "mechanically propelled". It's "electromagnetically repulsed" and I dont think the law covers the electric motor at all.
😃 yes exactly, as lets be honest it is a dumb law, - Yes it happened where I live; e scooters, cyclists old people in tanks, they go on the path and road, with no issues with cops or pcsos, and I have never seen any of them hit anyone, I only had one old guy in a tank drive over my foot, it was ok it did not hurt and I can walk he can't.
Have to have license to ride a scooter, even Xiaomi and also doing so it is still illegal. Rental, no need for any of that... and that is all for "safety" right? Yet instead of making people wear helmets and other safety gear, the actual goal is to tax and profit from people.
That's all its about the fact they can't tax you or charge you for using one. So they make them illegal to own privately and then rent them to you so they can make money off it. It's a joke of a system and I bet one of the mp's has his hand in the pie that rents these scooters out
To rent one requires a licence insurance is included in the rental charge. Nothing to do with tax, vat charged the same as cars and likely VED (road tax) free the same as electric cars if and when they are fully legalised.
@@TheShudder77 don't require a proper licence I believe its just a provisional and the insurance part why not just allow you to insure your self on your own one.
@@MegaNayton, yes part Q required which is usually included with a provisional. Joe public can't buy insurance for them as you can't insure something that is illegal 🤷♂️.
i am disabled and can not walk far , i got one of these after the first lockdown , i love it , no more taxies costing £6 + to go to the doctors or hospital appointments , i have been asked to leave in the corridor outside the room i'm in , thats ok , i never go over 15 miles per hour , never been stopped by police , but i do see alot of younger riders being stupid with them ,
I own a S1 Xiaomi {the slightly lighter version} but basically the same in every way. I work as a trade plate vehicle delivery driver I use it all the time to get me from delivery site to either train station bus stop bus station or if close enough to the next collection point. It is for me a very important part of my equipment i carry around. I carry a spare genuine charger in my back pack to top up the charge on the train and when i am delivering the next vehicle i also carry an inverter so i can charge it up on me journey in the car {very useful}. I know they are illegal to use but as he says other than getting to my next job they are great fun and you see things you would never normally see if in a car. It wont be long before they are legal they will have to if you see how many there is being used on cycle paths ect. I always get a smile from everyone i pass and i always say good morning to them. Or perhaps its because im 60 years old riding one of these im not sure all i know is when im on it riding it i feel like 15 years old great fun. :)
Fun, yes, but your job relies on your driving licence, does it not? A VERY poor decision to wilfully use a mechanically propelled vehicle without insurance. I'll bet you wouldn't dream of driving any of the vehicles you deliver without being insured, would you? You really need to rethink your choices - If you have a family, they rely on you. Do you really want to put them through grief, all because "they are great fun and you see things you would never normally see if in a car"?
I can see why so many Brits have left Britain over the years. Living in tiny houses in such a regulated society makes the vast diaspora of former colonies very appealing.
Pure Air Pro is worth a look, air filled tyres with puncher fluid protection and you can ride it through puddles no issues. Interesting video, perfect timing cos we have to keep to laws of the land until told otherwise.
They don't want us to own anything at all-they're rolling Communism/Fascism-Blackrock/Vanguard/State street run by Chatham House WEF/UN want to gobble up all your assets and rent everything out to you. "You'll own nothing and you'll be happy"
Hey can you give me like a little review by replying to this comment because I’m thinking of copping one either tmr or after maybe also is it still great after a month
@@S.I.A.R908 hey, sure no problem. It's incredibly well made, sturdy with a nice finish. The tyres are solid as a rock and bigger than what you find on alot of comparable scooters. Still getting around 18 miles off a full charge and haven't had any issues with it, other than the paranoia of trying to avoid police It's a joy to ride
Im from london ,15 and have an aovo pro m365 that goes 19mph(factory setting) on sports mode and ride it everywhere, so im basically breaking every single law there is on the scooter but ive been past many police vehicles and patrol units and never had an issue, Theres a lot of them in london like a majority of my neighbors who are older use them to get to work and its just apart of daily life, these scooters being illegal is just silly considering the rest of europe has basically legalised them and the uk is behind
@@PalestineWillBeFreeInshaAllah1 I sold it not long ago after i crashed it and fixed it up. It was a good scooter only issue was that the battery life goes down quickly within a year and to get replacement parts is quite difficult if you ever need them. I know i had the first model and now theyre is a 2nd version which is better
In Quebec a couple was fined 2000$CAD for walking outside after curfew. It made the news here because the woman was holding a leash on her boyfriend and said she was walking her dog
You mean from one of the 12 month trial schemes that have been put in place for the government to collect evidence on their use prior to legislation possibly being rolled out to those under private ownership?
@@allypksm, apparently not. The trial was extended with the findings due to be published in June 2022. However as per normal with government this has been delayed and expected to form part of the Transport Bill with the proposals now due to be debated by parliament later this year. There were some interim changes made last year from data collated during the initial trials such as the hire scheme ones having to have unique identifiers (like number plates) and early data suggested that accident frequency is a lot higher than that of bicycles.
Hey. First time watching. Good vid. It really annoys me that they are not pushing these for a green transport. Rental scooters are not the way. Private owners have more respect.
Four months later and the police are really cracking down on e-scooters; £300 fine and 6 points on your licence, plus you may even get it confiscated and have to pay another £150 to get it back. A bit of a backward step in my not-so-humble opinion.
I'm a bit late to the party, but I have to argue with the "there's not another form of transport where you go at this speed while standing up" Onewheels and EUCs have been around for years and EUCs can go MUCH faster. Up to 40 mph and even higher these days. I'm getting my sea-legs on an EUC currently and don't think I could do an e-scooter, but all the PEVs are so much fun.
Over 2000km on my m365pro, while they are decent scooters they do have some problems, like the folding mechanism, its very easy to snap a pin that holds the main latch, ive snapped and broke it on mine around 10+ times and its very dodgy when it happens at full speed. speed hacking works well, your able to set a differnt max speed for each mode, i use 15kph in eco, 25kph in drive and 35kph in sports. the speed flash also makes it able to climb far bigger hills without losing all its speed, an example of this would be a hill near me, could hit it at 25kph and reach the top after dropping down to 10kph, now modded i hit the hill at 25, and reach the top of the hill still above 20kph ;)
Couldn't care less about the punishments. That's how messed up this country is, stopping people's freedoms, The UK sucks, there is only few places in Europe that don't allow e scooters, UK being one of them. I'll ride it if I want too, I stay in bike lanes so I know I'm being careful and not stupid. Police half the time don't even care about e scooters, hence there is so many people riding them. It won't stop me riding mine, legal or not.
I had a busy tell me to stop cycling on the pavement-as soon as he couldn't see me I started again he seen me at the other side of the dual carriageway on Wapping road telling me to get off I gave him the middle peg and cycled to work as fast as possible...I'm still on the run
as someone who has ridden those slower 19mph top speed scooters with the very slim deck, i would advise against buying one. my first scooter was the Hi Boy Titan Pro and it costs around $1300, has a top speed of 30mph and a range of 40 miles (probably realistically like 25-30 miles). the scooters with the narrow decks are terrible for comfort and you will end up having like 90% of your weight on your back foot which gets painful very quickly. the hiboy titan pro has a wide and comfortable deck, and it also has the option to run one back motor in economy mode or both motors for the full speed and amazing acceleration. if you're planning on buying a $500 scooter, you might aswell buy once cry once and buy the more expensive, much more comfortable, much longer range and faster scooters. the hiboy titan i have is sufficient for any city commuting. the $1700 varla eagle is also an even better option for not much more price. that being said, im about to drop $4000 on a wolf king GT which goes 62 mph with a 75+ mile range if used in eco mode. that one is truly the buy once cry once model lol... i like fun toys though, and i realize a $4000 toy is not in most peoples budget. i just feel like any young person with a decent income would regret buying an uncomfortable slow scooter and would eventually end up buying a more expensive one later anyways and have the slow one end up collecting dust in a closet, or be sold for a huge discount if you've never rode a scooter, obviously rent one or borrow a friends and see if you enjoy them before spending money on one.
That's why there's options, buy what meets your needs, if you're traveling a few miles to a train station, on a train then a few miles to work at the other end, you don't need or want an enormous wolf warrior that can do 50mph for 50 miles, something like an m365 is perfect. If you want to go out exploring the countryside off road climbing dirt tracks on a 30 mile loop, then obviously an m365 is not for you
i find that stupid if your scooter can goes faster then 15mph its not legal? so my Civic can reach 130mph does that mean i cant drive it ? dont make sense
I'm not so sure UK police deserves your praise in this case. Electric scooters are also technically illegal in my country (somewhere in the EU), but the police has decided against enforcing the law, reasoning they are already quite widespread and it wouldn't be reasonable.
yeah the more I watch this looks like enforcement for people to use public transport or other transports where people pay more and pay taxes, because escooters are cheap and avoid a lot of fees. So it is better to have city packed with cars idiotic... I do not mind having a plate on scooter and allowing it to drive on a road just do not limit the speed! Sure some people will crash but same happens when they drive motorcycles or cars or bicycles...
Hey Toycat just so you know the scooter does actually have a front brake, it is a KERS brake that basically works as a dynomao to charge the Battery and charge the scooter
I think most of the issues in the USA come from the rented scooters not from those that are privately owned, which is odd that the UK would go rented over privately owned.
Because they claim that it insures the rider in the case of an accident. When in reality its to line the pockets of who ever made the rules up on escooters
@@MegaNayton It's odd I could understand the insurance thing if all bicycles had to have insurance as well, but they don't. I could understand it if the govt turned around and said as from a certain date all vehicles that use the road must carry a basic insurance then ok, bicycles get into a lot more accidents than Escooters do, perhaps because there are more of them, but still the point stands, scratched cars, dents, collisions with pedestrians in record numbers at the moment since the big uptake apparently. But the govt is not saying that, they want the smallest, vehicle to pay insurance when a bike doesn't have to. Have you seen the bike car, someone took an old car stripped it down and turned it into a bicycle and even that needs no insurance. ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-sjCjbV2EnJ4.html Check it out no insurance, no MOT, no Road tax, no license, and can be used in cycle lanes and paths where it fits obviously. Perfectly legal on UK roads. And yet an Escooter which is a fraction of the size of this or even anything bigger, have you seen those multi pedal vehicles that crawl around cities. Again the same as above.
Stopped me twice on mine, sold it after a few months. Been going round on a 30mph full sus e-bike since, they haven't stopped me on that yet for some strange reason.
@@AndrewAnd I loved the scooter, when legal I'll have anotherone again. But the bike, I bought a 2010 Kona stab £700, bafang bbshd 1000watt for £600 and 22ah lithium battery £350 which is in a back pack on my back, should get me 40 miles max. because I've back packed the battery, the bike doesn't look like an e-bike till you see the motor under the pedals.
@@AndrewAnd me too. I bought solar p1 e scooter 40mph. I have to send it back because there’s so many police round here in east London and I can’t risk losing it. I’m tempted to buy e bike . I found a great 1 but it’s bit expensive at about £1900.
@@gteaz good job + Nice and stealthy. The thing is I think they will largely leave ebikes alone and eventually concentrate on the scooters firstly. otherwise Imagine trying to work out if a bicycle is correctly pedal assist or not or if it's power is within the law. all a bit trickier than picking on an e scooter rider to get off the roads and paths.
In Oxford headington they are rented out and are dotted around the city. Does that mean it is an illegal company that will be opened up for legal action if someone kills someone gets killed.
Personally, I find the 15.5mph limit fine (on my e-bike); I wouldn't want to go much faster than that...and I think I'd feel even more so on a scooter - which I probably *_will_* get once they're legalized in the UK; they look quite fun. And I see the roads in Liverpool look just as bad as the roads in Ipswich. The real teller in the letter handed out at the end of the video is the last line: "Merseyside Police will only take action where there is a blatant misuse of these vehicles and traffic offences have been committed".
@@rikilamaru this is my argument about e bikes being restricted to 15.5 mph a Lycra clad guy left me for dead on a proper high end rd bike. He was easily doing 30 as he passed me. Unfortunately I have chronic lung disease so the only bike possible to ride is an e-bike on max assist. 250 w is too low. A 500 or 750 restricted to 15.5 with no shut off, aka just keep the motor constantly assisting would be much better. But the speed restriction is stupid. Even 20mph would be much better
I bought an electric scooter 20 years ago. Probably twice the weight of one of these and the range only 4-5 miles! I asked at the police station and they told me it was illegal to ride on the road back then! So it's frustrating that here we are 2 decades later and the law still hasn't caught up. The idea that you can say this e-scooter is legal because it's hired and that one's illegal if you own it, just makes the law look like the proverbial ass. I see several e-scooters every day and no sign that police are stopping riders. I wonder if they are doing in Liverpool just because there is a hire scheme.
In my country and state scooters are allowed but only on footpath and some bike lanes in city. If only rentals were allowed I'd just get stickers for mine and make its look like a rental....
27:33 Was gonna suggest that Boosted scooter is available in Wick Boards store in Hackney Wick, as that's where I actually saw one in real life in London. But seems the store is now permanently closed lol.
Wow, perfect timing indeed. It's reassurring to know that Merseyside police will only take action where there is a blatant misuse of the vehicle and an offence has been committed.
He committed every offence in the book in that video. Missing out red lights riding on pavements,riding close to children and animals, what would it be like if he had a meet up with all his electro head scooter toffs? That park would not be safe for families.
@@raykeogh1972 I Have a scooter myself. I stick to the rules and the police have not bothered me though they've seen me loads of times on it. You could argue 'it's illegal, therefore I'm breaking the rules just by riding it' They're here to stay mate. Get used to it.
@@raykeogh1972 would it "not be safe for families" if he met up in the park with all his cycling mates on bikes instead? Or would that be ok simply because you've grown up with bikes and find them acceptable? Times move on and change isn't inherently dangerous and bad, a bunch of kids racing through a busy park on bicycles could pose just as much risk to young children and pets etc
GOV should WAKE UP to the fact that Private sales of E Scooters have gone through the roof. Last checked Halford's sales up by 400 per cent. Just make it a legal requirement to have at least Third Party #Insurance.
You weren’t actually riding it when they spotted you. I wonder whether the outcome would’ve been different if they had. These things will get banned before they’re even made legal.
I doubt it. The whole idea of the hire escooters in some cities is to trial them with a view to possibly giving them an exemption, like ebikes. In any case, those weren't police officers.
LOL watching this while playing elder scrolls online and as this jogger 18:27 runs by a character in game yells "Break a leg and get a move on" It was pretty funny :D
The case of Burns v Currell (1963) has become the standard case to apply when asking whether a vehicle is intended for use on the road. It would appear that the vehicle would have to be used more than once before something such as an off road scramble bike could be considered to be a motor vehicle unless the owner adapted it for on road use for example by the fitting of lights and road tyres. Clearly your bicycle was intended for road use.
That case concerned MOTOR VEHICLES which are a different beast to escooters, which are mechanically propelled vehicles. To use a mechanically propelled vehicle on a road or public place requires insurance unless (like ebikes and mobility scooters) it is exempt. Riding one anywhere other than on private property (with permission) leaves you liable to a hefty fine and six points. The hire ones that are being used in the trials in some city centres are insured and also comply with guidelines regarding power, weight, speed etc. I the trial is successful, then escooters complying to speed, weight and power requirements may be exempted as well.
@@robertstallard7836 I used to be an expert witness called in the many Goped cases & have been to court many times. I was at the Saddington case at the High Court in London on behalf of the legal team (twice) & the first electric scooter case in Winchester so trust me The test case for ANY SCOOTER is Burns vs Currell. Only motor vehicles need to have insurance MOT road tax licence etc. look up the verdict & read the whole thing. A scooter is not a motor vehicle as no sane person would say take it as transport to Scotland & back.
@@TheShudder77 I used to sell this type of scooter. It had joke pedals fitted to the front wheels about 1 inch long! The importer was trying to make the scooter into an electric bike but he did not follow the 15mph cut out & pedal switch. I had insurance as most home insurance policies cover you to ride bikes & damage you cause. This case was not represented very well. Read this & pay attention to the last part: www.casemine.com/judgement/uk/5b46f2212c94e0775e7f273f
Check out your house insurance as most cover bush bikes. Take a copy with you & show it to plod. Ask plod if you can take your driving test on the scooter? They will say no as it's not a motor vehicle.... aaaaahhhhh Ask if you can take your scooter on the M1 they will say no it's not a motor vehicle.... aaahhhhhh What ever way you look at it an Electric scooter is less of a motor vehicle then a Go Cart & a Go Cart is not a motor vehicle....
in California I'm able to buy an aovopro which essentially the same thing that goes 19 mph (which is plenty fast on the thing) and only cost $200 USD 😊
NO e-scooter is legal ANYWHERE the public move-about in the UK, whether that be a park, pavement, or road. You can only use it on private land with the landowner's permission, or I believe, if it's an officially RENTED scooter from some legit company.
@@S.I.A.R908 Land can be private land and still be a public place. This distinction confuses a lot of people. A place is a public place if no measures have been taken to prevent members of the public from entering, to stop being a public place it needs to have fences, walls, locked gates or similar.
I can't believe the cops and and pcsos have paper in their car etc to say "oh the government said they are illegal to use them on public places" what a waste of paper and money
I hear what you are saying and I agree 100%. I am getting one however, you have to obey red lights. This is part of the problem why people are against them. Check 23:38. Yes you did go on the pavement, but after going through the red light. Good video and informative though mate 👍
where I live; e scooters, cyclists old people in tanks, they go on the path and road, with no issues with cops or pcsos, and I have never seen any of them hit anyone, I only had one old guy in a tank drive over my foot, it was ok it did not hurt and I can walk he can't.
Where I live be you can't go out for 10 mins without getting chased, I ridden my new scooter twice😱 I can't afford points on my license, especially ones for driving without insurance, That offence stays on license for 6yrs😰
Can someone explain how these are legal to hire, like here in Liverpool yet illegal to buy and ride? Realise there's meant to be an ID used on the app but I see loads of under 18's on them, not being a kill joy, just asking.
The Government make money from the rental companies. They're still working out how to make money from private owners. Anything that's fun has to be taxed in the UK.
@@rickparkinmoto Don't talk nonsense. The idea of the rental scheme is specifically to trial escooters to see if they can be exempted from road trafic law like ebikes. They were exempted years ago, and there are no requirements for licence, insurance, tax etc. The reason they are using rental ones for the trial is because an escooter is a mechanically propelled vehicle under UK law and therefore needs to be insured.
My brother had his mi 2 Pro scooter confiscated by the UK police put it on the back off the truck but my brother knows the law and within 5 days he got it back minus the fine he had to pay was about £150 to £180 but got it back he did the police never told him he could get it back and if thease videos I watch I never see the reviewer say this ether on any video or am I missing something
Hear me out Andrew, why have a scooter when you Could have a electric bike? like a rad wagon is more powerful and can carry two people with cargo for less than 2k usd? I don't understand the appeal somewhat, but I'm happy to hear out. skill maybe? less needed to use a scooter maybe compared to a bike. QnA Andrew day
I own a S1 Xiaomi {the slightly lighter version} but basically the same in every way. I work as a trade plate vehicle delivery driver I use it all the time to get me from delivery site to either train station bus stop bus station or if close enough to the next collection point. It is for me a very important part of my equipment i carry around. I carry a spare genuine charger in my back pack to top up the charge on the train and when i am delivering the next vehicle i also carry an inverter so i can charge it up on me journey in the car {very useful}. I know they are illegal to use but as he says other than getting to my next job they are great fun and you see things you would never normally see if in a car. It wont be long before they are legal they will have to if you see how many there is being used on cycle paths ect. I always get a smile from everyone i pass and i always say good morning to them. Or perhaps its because im 60 years old riding one of these im not sure all i know is when im on it riding it i feel like 15 years old great fun. :)
If you are an apartment dweller in the city it's much more convenient. I had a Radrunner but I ended up selling it and getting an Emove Cruiser scooter. For one it collapses and weighs about half the weight so going up and down flights of stairs with it is much easier. Much less of a hassle to take on public transport. Don't have to worry about people stealing it because I can put it in my locker at work or bring it into stores with me. It has IPX6 water resistance rating so I'm less worried about water reaching the controller(with the Radrunner it is completely exposed to the elements). Oh and one last thing is that you have a better performance/weight ratio. Since the frame of a scooter weighs less than that of a bike, you actually get better speed and range with identical drive trains.
ive looked into electric bikes and when compared to scooters there is no comparison in capabilities. maybe im looking in the wrong place, but from what ive seen even the most expensive bikes have a 20-30mph top speed and a pretty low range, but yes i realize its a bike with pedals, so even when dead it still can go. that being said, for $1700 you can get a 36mph Varla scooter with a 30 mile or so range, or $3800 for a wolf king GT and literally can go full throttle 62 mph for 55 miles. i looked into electric dirt bikes and they are fairly capable, but their prices are absurd and im not about to spend $12,000 on a KTM Edirt bike, well at least not at the moment lol. all that being said, i live in a house and storage space isnt an issue. as others have mentioned, scooters are lightweight, can fold to store in a closet or be transported in a car trunk, they are easier to carry up stairs into an apartment etc.
I think these e scooters are great, the government is always going on about reducing the carbon footprint why are they illegal? Why do shops sell these e scooters knowing that people can't use them for transportation as they are road illegal? It's so confusing I was going to purchase one. But people can purchase an E bike.
@@christheobald6183 I’ve been hit by bicycles on pavements more times than I can count and it’s all been by 16 year olds riding on one wheel in shopping ereas.the kids think we have vision from behind.
yes I have been riding electric scooters for over 15 years police are ok in my area as long as your driving with due care and attention then it's not a problem but I only stick to the pavement so it's not much of a issue the law does need to change still stuck in the Jurassic period
Hang on they say it’s illegal in public yet not far from where I live they have them where you can hire them and it’s a busy place so how come you can hire one but they are illegal
I’ve got my own. Been riding it to work and back for months in London no problem. No police has stopped me thus far but it might be a matter of time xd
Same. Depends on the borough. I ride road and bike lanes. My area has alot of bike lanes, police have seen me. No issues. I think wherever they have police on bikes, may be an issue.
@@essmac3453 Where would you say abouts, with regards to the boroughs and stuff? I haven’t really seen any bike Police here, but yeah.. I’m interested in getting one aha
@@tacticalsetting6123 tower bridge and those sort of places i believe. High tourist areas. There are a few videos of scooter bloggers being stopped in certain places.
Legally you would need tax mot and insurance on it but I don’t think any of that is available so really you should only use them on private land unless you hire one from the main city’s then your covered
I have never been stop by police at all. The police in london just watches as i ride by on speed up a high going less than 8mph but if i do the law is so messed up read it and it doesn't makes sense never
tbh... the Xiaomi looks a bit of a toy. There are better looking, more powerful machines available for slightly more money. I've just moved to Spain, and after a lot of research, ended up buying a Smartgyro Xtreme Speedway V2.0 for 530 euros from Amazon. 800W motor, 45 km range and a top speed of 45 kmph (this is legally limited to 25 kmph here, but it's software limited and easily hacked with just a few adjustments to the on-board computer for full speed). Front and rear suspension and 10" fat tubeless tyres give a smooth ride on fairly rough surfaces. Weighs in at 22 kg, so not something you just throw over your shoulder, but it folds down to a manageable size for getting it on a train or into the luggage compartment of a coach if you want to use it to explore areas outside its range E-scooter laws/regulations came into force in Spain at the start of the year, with the 25 kmph speed limit. Helmets must be worn, no pavement or pedestrian area use and scooters must be fitted with front and rear lights. Other than that, and armed with a bit of common sense, you're good to go. I'm living in a town with limited public transport options and don't drive, so this machine has improved my quality of life enormously. Zipping around on one of these in fairly constant warm, sunny weather is a joy, and way more fun than I had hoped, and a lot less physically demanding than a bike
That’s a fair comment,but where do you draw the line with regards insurance,push bikes,ebikes,mobility scooters,maybe public liability insurance for pedestrians,people with pushchairs,etc,etc.
Some cars don’t have road tax applied according to age of vehicle (vintage cars) or they’re cheaper to tax according to their emissions! Perhaps tax should be equated to emission rather than road use?
