What You Need to Know About the Strings

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An introduction to the string instruments of the orchestra, how they work, and what they can do.
🎻 WRITING FOR VIOLIN & CELLO: Beginner-Intermediate Advice for Arranging Strings and Orchestration • WRITING FOR VIOLIN & C...
📚 This video is heavily inspired by The Study of Orchestration by Samuel Adler amzn.to/3ab0EsO
as well as Creative Orchestration by George Frederick McKay geni.us/BawBjz
Learn about the violin, viola, cello, and contrabass (aka double bass). Also common techniques including bowing, legato, detache, pizzicato, staccato, spiccato, trills, and tremolos.
We conclude with the six reasons Adler thinks the string are the most used section of the orchestra.
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0:00 Intro
0:40 Violin
2:09 Viola
2:52 Cello
3:25 Contrabass
4:53 Techniques & Articulations
6:45 Staccato
7:26 Trills
8:07 Pizzicato
8:44 Multiple stops
9:14 Divisi
10:05 Why are the strings used so often?
11:22 What's next

Опубликовано:

16 июл 2024

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Комментарии : 61

@The_Musical_Cartograph 2 года назад

Those videos breaking down info in books really makes them accessible and attractive to read and re-read it's not only well-made content What you do is important and i think it needs to be said GG ^^

@RyanLeach 2 года назад

Thanks Max!

@ArielAr Год назад

Excellent video ! Perfect combination of humor, speed, different perspectives, proper amount of examples. Great video !

@misi1979 2 года назад

Great content. Thank You for sharing this with Us! Looking for the next chapters,too:)

@RyanLeach 2 года назад

Thanks!

@jan_Masewin 2 года назад

Just a note that détaché and legato are articulation terms, not bowing ones

@RyanLeach 2 года назад

OK. Even Wikipedia includes them under the heading "Bowing techniques".

@jan_Masewin 2 года назад

@@RyanLeach My wording was shoddy, articulation totally comes under bowing on string instruments. But separate bows =/= detache, and slurred =/= legato. The way I learnt it, detache does necessarily mean separate bows but it’s a more specific technique where you stop the bow and deliberately dampen the string at the end of every stroke. And then legato just doesn’t mean slurred. Slurred notes aren’t legato if they’re hooked, and you can still play legato with separate bowing

@edmorris1437 Год назад

String players do need to think about using the bow as one would a breath, because you can run out of bow in the same way one might run out of air. So phrasing is just as important and in some ways similar to vocalists and wind instruments have to think about how they will use their air, but you’re right that a string player isn’t going to tire in the same way.

@VallaMusic 2 года назад

incredible instruction - you get right to the point and cover things quickly yet clearly

@amiezwag 2 года назад

Your channel is amazing, I'm learning so much! 😄 Thank you!

@juanchacon8846 2 года назад

Such valuable content! Thank you for taking Adler into consideration!

@BNC593 2 года назад

Yet again, brilliantly presented. Thank you

@ShivSagar010 11 месяцев назад

Thank You Very Much Sir! 🙏💛

@riomaeda7097 Год назад

I love your videos!! Really appreciate it

@kappabravomusic2101 11 месяцев назад

Great video man. Thanks again! Ive learned plenty of things!

@edstud1 2 года назад

Love this video!

@alleyway3215 Год назад

Love this - love this - love this.

@MichelBarbaro 2 года назад

Great! Direct to the point! Thank you!

@RyanLeach 2 года назад

Glad it was helpful!

@nairsheasterling9457 2 года назад

Another reason has to do with how the timbres of strings interact. If you have 3 or more violinists om a line, playing in concert, it no longer sounds like a solo or dueling duet, but a section that tempers out the differing harmonics between instruments. This is not easily replicated in woodwind, brass, or percussion.

@aquestnohies Год назад

Good and fast video🎶

@jacobbass6437 2 года назад

Thing on the double bass’ range. In Europe, the you’ll usually see an extra 5th string that is a low C, while here in America, the low E string will have an extension that extends beyond the scroll with kapos to change the pitch of the lowest string to any chromatic note between a low B and the normal E. I like writing for the extension more so I could have the double bases open their first capo making their open low string a low E flat and have them do a double stop where they finger the E flat and octave above on the A String. I think it has more versatility.

@RyanLeach 2 года назад

🎻 WRITING FOR VIOLIN & CELLO: Beginner-Intermediate Advice for Arranging Strings and Orchestration ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-GWkK3IcVsIE.html

@bigodines 2 года назад

Dude, your content is addicting and I don't even compose lol

@davidhopkinson6647 2 года назад

Saw the "full symphony orchestra" strings. What a dream to play with 16/14 - we're lucky to hire 10 and 8 for violins and more frequently have 9 and 7. Mahler 3 loses a little something with only 10 and 8 :P

@scruffles13 Год назад

6:00 Brahms did this a lot for strings, we just break it in a way that keeps the whole phrase as one.

@vikramsubramaniam6699 2 года назад

Loved this video. If you had to recommend one of these books to read, for a beginner in orchestration which one would you recommend?

@fredrikhelland8194 11 месяцев назад

Great video! However, that string sections don’t get exhausted is i big misconception. Slow quiet passages are pretty tough anaerobe workouts for an arm violist, and if they go on for too long, your string section is going to get pretty stiff and tired for the rest of the piece. When that is said: hacking away at the strings in a regular tempo, that we can do all day. See e.g. Mendelssohn’s Hebrides overture for an example of easygoing writing for strings.

@BangersNBiz Год назад

Thanks for another great video Ryan. I'm excited to get started on my first arrangement for string quartet! I like your lamp in the background, what score is that from? 🤓

@RyanLeach Год назад

Beethoven's 3rd

@vespertinist 2 года назад

Thank you for this. Excellent video! Q: what is the piece of music at 8:37. With trills in Assez Lent? It’s beautiful. And thank you for introducing me to Brahms 4 in another video.

@RyanLeach 2 года назад

The Sorcerer's Apprentice by Paul Dukas

@paquipalla9665 Год назад

Great video!!! Thanks!!! What is the last song????

@paquipalla9665 Год назад

The song is called The Prince Portrait, by Francis Wells

@JeanLoupRSmith 2 года назад

Maybe I missed it in the video, in which case apologies but just to check, when doing double/triple/quadruple stops for strings, we're talking about plucking those rather than bowing right? My assumption is typically a bowed instrument has such a curved fingerboard that you can really only bow at most 2 strings at a time but having little experience in the matter I may be wrong here (or there's something odd with my violin). I guess double stops you could bow?

@RyanLeach 2 года назад

Right, double stops can be held, triple and quadruple stops will work for arpeggios or you strike the first note (usually the lower) and then move to the higher. Best advice would be to watch some videos of players

@retaz4188 2 года назад

You can hold a triple stop with a short amount of time, with the right balance of speed and weight of the bow (2sec for an average player, more for better players but risky in orchestral part), you can also make a fourth stop with cheating a little by very quickly make the bow going G to E with a lot of pressure and speed but only for quick notes. These 2 techniques can only make a fortissimo expression, If you want to make less, you have to divided the part to one string or two max per player ;)

@fredrikhelland8194 11 месяцев назад

There’s a fun story about the violin virtuoso Ole Bull, where he filed down the bridge to be able to play sustained quadruple stops. The audience was outraged, and went searching for his hidden orchestra.

@willemvankooi6892 2 года назад

actually the double bass is a viola da gamba. Strings tuned in fourths and shoulders drooping, playing style in Eastern Europe is the same as on a gamba in terms of bowing!

@hugobouma 2 года назад

1:02 Alternatively, you're just Richard Strauss wearing sunglasses & going "deal with it".

@scarybarry1323 Год назад

I will say, while we don’t have to breathe to play our instruments, spines do exist. We can play for longer but after a while the effort of holding one’s arms up to play will wear down on a player.

@mahonrymauigoa8049 Год назад

What is the piece this excerpt is from at 7:21?

@RyanLeach Год назад

just an example I made for the video

@ameliagryffon7097 Год назад

at 5:58 the English captions on this video have a word you probably don't want in the video XD

@RyanLeach Год назад

ha, nice catch thanks

@TheOboeCrack 2 года назад

I read the description of your video before asking, but the thumbnail is no longer a picture cottonbro from Pexels, its a painting. What's is the painting and author's name please?

@RyanLeach 2 года назад

I appreciate you checking the description first and thanks for reminding me that I changed it! Oddly I can't find where I originally found it, but here's a link: www.askart.com/auction_records/Hans_Amis/11165663/Hans_Amis.aspx

@Otterlysilly 2 года назад

Can you tell me the name of the string piece that's playing at the beginning of the video?

@RyanLeach 2 года назад

It's called "A Delightful Evening" by Francis wells via Epidemic Sound www.epidemicsound.com/track/CosVa6t7sj/

@Otterlysilly 2 года назад

@@RyanLeach Woo! Thank you!

@delta_power3049 Год назад

One thing you missed; the viola often plays in treble clef, similar to how the cello often switches to tenor.

@minor_2nd Год назад

"they can play continuously without needing to breathe" string players don't need air, noted

@Pennwisedom 2 года назад

As a violinist I could probably reliably play up to G7, but outside of solos it's kinda impractical. Anyway, this is a great video, but please stop putting your fingers on the bow hair.

@Fernandogil466 2 года назад

Is he touching the bow hair???!!!!

@llamallama6 2 года назад

5:57 with captions,... I beg your pardon!?

@joshman7269 Год назад

noooo why are you rubbing your finger on the bowwww

@5BBassist4Christ Год назад

Every orchestration guide I've read has given bad information on the range of the upright bass and what is practical for its high end. Bb3 is not a good stopping point for the bass' range. Alternatively, I've seen G#3. This too is a terrible point. In fact, that specific Bb and G# are actually two of the hardest notes on the instrument, while the D4 above them is very easy. However, anything above the sounded G3 will be weak. As described in the video, the bass' high open string is a G2. When you reach the octave (G3) you can switch techniques to something called Thumb Position. If you're using Thump Position, you place your thumb on the first harmonic to act as an opens string. You then have your index finger, third finger, and ring finger to continue to fret the notes. Instead of doing the finger-per-fret rule that you had in the lower register (or on bass guitar), you now play it more like a violin, where each finger gets a diatonic step. This means your thumb plays the G3, your index finger plays A3, your third finger plays B3, and your ring finger plays C4. You can then quickly slide up to hit the harmonic on the D4. You can move your third finger down to play the Bb3 or your ring finger up to play the C#4, but moving your index finger down to play the G#3 is hard to intonate because of how close it is to the thumb on the harmonic. Ultimately, you shouldn't be using this range in orchestral parts much, however. The bass loses most of its power in these high registers and can no longer support the orchestra. If you do use this, it should be quieter sections, or else used in a bass solo such as a bass concerto or bass sonata. In which case, you can go much higher than the D4. Much higher. I've gotten my bass to hit G7 before. However, past the D4, you will be playing almost exclusively harmonics, so you shouldn't write for this unless you know the instrument really intimately, or else are able to calculate what harmonics could be used from the open strings.