Who Killed The Boy in the Box | America's Unknown Child 

Vaccine scars were common in the 50s. They used a gun-type device to administer the smallpox vaccine, which left a small, round scar.

He wasn't necessarily disabled because he wasn't verbal. For children to develop speech they need to be exposed to a lot of language input( speaking around them) and it is common for kids in abusive or neglectful circumstances to have delayed speech because they aren't exposed to enough language to learn. This would likely b the case for a young kid that is being kept in a basement. That trauma can also affect development and delay speech.

I was trafficked for a year or so by my cousin, he’d assault me and allow others to assault me for drug money in the early 2000’s. This assault was never addressed by my grandmother who new it was happening as she thought he was “just too sweet to ever hurt me that bad” I suffer from severe c-ptsd, depression, anxiety, and episodes of psychosis. I am currently completing my bs in biology in one of the most vigorous pre-med schools in New York State. My main goal is to become a pediatric neurologist. So I think even if she was extremely traumatized she’d still be very capable of obtaining those degrees.

To know that his adoptive parents supported each others disgusting ways is sickening. Wished they would have been caught.

There was a trade of babies during that time. My grandmother was a black market baby in Delaware Valley. I was told she was informed she was bought, but even though she was not thiers biologically, they treated her just as good as they biological kids. They all had to do work. I often think of how lucky she was to have been taken care of and not treated like the boy in the box. I do not know my ancestry from her, but I randomly show Norwegian, Finnish, and Scandinavian DNA. I think that is from her since it does not fit anywhere else.

I don’t think most people don’t realize just how much the way your parents act shapes your view of what is “normal” when you’re growing up. I didn’t figure out until my junior year in high school that your dad finishing a 30 pack of Budweiser every night wasn’t normal. I grew up until the age of 16 or 17 believing everyone’s dad drank that much every night because to me that was normal. It’s crazy the things you can think are normal if you grow up around them long enough

Regarding the Joseph/Jonathan-discrepancy: I am not at all surprised that someone willing to buy a child will assign them a new name. Possibly the person that sold the child never even communicated the original name to the buyer.

I know this theory isn't confirmed, but I've always felt in my gut "M" was telling the truth despite her story usually being presented as a far fetched side story...and I will feel so vindicated for her if it is confirmed. She has likely played a large role in this being solved in 2023 and telling his story. It must have felt horrible having something you needed to confess to and having people doubt your trauma. It's unfortunate she didn't get to live long enough to be told "we believe you".

For Em saying Joseph was very quiet, never recall him speaking, things like that. This could potentially be explained by him having no real interaction with toys or anything that would give stimulation as a child. My husband could explain it better, but basically, when an infant grows up without any toys or anything to give any form of stimulation, they can become “flat” I believe is the term used. Where they don’t really smile, speak, they don’t do much of anything really. So this would make sense given that the child was sold to another family, if they’re going to sell the kid, why would they spend the money on toys for the child to play with?

I think it's possible Martha's parents didn't call the boy the correct name. Maybe they forgot his name and he was too little to correct them. My son is two and can't say his own name yet. This whole case just makes me sick.

Good god, this is exactly what I feared had been the case for the boy in the box...That he was unloved and abused his whole life before being murdered. The way we even have a name for this boy after all this time. All love to Joseph's soul...

It's common for children not to understand how messed up their family life is. It's all they've ever known, and their parents convince them it's normal. Kids might not realize it's not normal until they're teenagers. We don't know he's nonverbal just because the girl never heard him talk. Maybe he just didn't talk around her. It also may have had to do with him being traumatized, neglected, etc. But language disabilities (related to autism or not) aren't uncommon, so it's possible.

I'm glad Joseph has finally been identified and can be laid to rest under his real name, but it sucks that the people responsible for his neglect and death won't face justice

been following the case for a few years. saw the news in a magazine literally just 20 minutes ago. i'm so glad that joseph's name can finally be engraved on his tombstone

Please cover the girl in the box from Philly also. Everyone has forgotten about her. Found may 3rd 1962 in the river in a milk box tied down with a line. She was black and around 4 to 6 yrs old. Poor thing was headless with other injuries. Same coroner pushed so hard to keep boy in the box active but forgot about her😢

To be born into this world to be sold and abused is so horrifying. RIP little guy.

as someone who grew up less than five miles outside of chase, im so glad we've finally identified this child. of course murder isn't too unusual here in philly but this one little boy managed to stick in everyone's mind due to how long it was unsolved and the fact we couldn't even id him. i hope that soon joeseph can finally rest in peace with a headstone bearing his own name.

The fact that this child was never reported missing is very telling. He was probably “illegitimate” and not treated well by either of his biological parents. Unless they did not keep him and whoever adopted or bought him abused/killed him.

As a survivor of these types of crimes and situations, I want to sincerely say thank you for mentioning that sociopaths and awful people mask their behaviour because that is what they do. Your segment saying that you're not alone and your pain is valid made me tear up, because although I have nothing to do with these people, I've been through similar things, and I just wanted to say, from the bottom of my heart, thank you Lore Lodge. You guys are fantastic and I love every video you put out

As for Martha being dismissed by some because she had a "mental illness" and was seeing a psychiatrist, her childhood would likely have resulted in what is known today as "complex PTSD". This is not a mental illness, but a condition of the mind that results from childhood trauma, abuse, neglect, among other things. Her being traumatized by her family dynamics could have been suppressed for awhile, then surfacing, but regardless, people with this condition can be highly functioning in their adult lives, while still carrying the damage if the trauma. So, I don't dismiss Martha's account at all. Also, her description of where they got Joseph- houses close together and close to the street, sounds like the "row houses" in Philly. I'm familiar with this as I spent summers in the 1960s in Philly at my grandparent's, which was a row house. Usually these neighborhoods were largely blue collar, lower income families, rather than the neighborhood of single family homes like Martha's. I found your account of this story excellent, so am a new subscriber. As for completely relying on those public records- the 1950 census lists my Dad, named John, as "Joan", a daughter, but the sex is "M" for male, so, yeah... .You did a great job. My heart hurts for both Joseph and Martha. Good thing those parents are dead, and I think we can all agree they ain't in heaven!

Wow, that whole story was just depressing. Aside from the part about the psychotic mother who did the boy in, that just disgusted and bewildered me. I will never understand how anyone under any amount of stress could just snap and torture a child to death

Happy to hear someone recognize the fact that abusers are far more prevalent among schools than anywhere else.

It is reassuring to know that cases like this one haven't been left behind by investigators. While older cases may never give justice to the victims it is nice to see that their stories are being discovered and told, and their names are being returned to them because I remember the first time I heard about this case. All I could think was "He had a name and someone must know it. Someone must've known him"

It’s great to know his identity after all these years. I remember hearing about this case for many years now and to actually know Joseph’s name is huge. Now we just need to know who killed him. Thanks for the video guys, keep up the great work!

I first heard of this case 8ish years ago. The whole "M theory" was ridiculed by most then (probably by me, too). But now, having all of this info and some context to view it in... Honestly, I didn't think that this case could be any more tragic but I was proven wrong. RIP Joseph. Amazing video tho - you've got a new subscriber.

It’s noticeable that you actually research the topics and talk genuinely about these stories instead of reading blankly off a script. Keep up the great work

My first husband was amazingly successful in his life, he also had schizophrenia so it's not outside the realm of possibility that "M" also had schizophrenia. My husband retired from the Navy, where his duties were to teach sailors how to use the sonar on submarines, there were only 6 trainers in the entire Navy. After he retired, he became a structural steel detailer (meaning he did the math that keeps high rise buildings from collapsing). The thing about schizophrenia is, unless there's some trigger that causes a spiral (that's hard to recover from) people can have "successful" lives.

As for surgical scars to the groin, it's relatively common (about 1 in 20k male children) for a testicle to retract back up into the abdomen during childhood and need surgical correction. It's called an orchiopexy and standard surgical procedure was established "before the 1960s."

Talking about sociopaths and all hit close to home because I went through something similar growing up, most notably that my mother was loved by everyone and when I tried to tell people she was abusing me they didn't believe me. I know in the past as well you just didn't talk about what was going on in your home; I have older family that would tell me "even if what she's doing to you isn't right, you don't say anything to anyone about it" when they heard that I'd tried to tell people about the abuse I was suffering. I can't imagine what that must have been like for Martha to live in a world where not talking about your home life was considered so taboo, and I hope she was able to find some peace in the end after everything that happened to her. Good reporting on the case, too. I've heard bits about this over the years but never really looked into it and to have some relatively solid answers is pretty cool, plus it gets the story out there. I said this before but thank you for using your platform to talk about stuff like this, hopefully it can bring in more attention and help people

This has traumatized me for the last 14 years. As soon I heard his name I honestly thought I would be happy and celebrate for him but no I feel so much worse. I wanted to know who did it and why did he have to died. I am constantly looking for new updates on him. That poor baby boy doesn’t deserve this. Breaks my heart. I love you Joseph Augustus Zarelli. ❤

You know, the psychic did their job as advertised. She asked for something metal from the kid, he gave her box staples and oh man did she track down where that box came from. Both as a description and walked straight to it in person. Shame the staples and box had nothing to do with the kid. Real shame.

I live in Philly and have asked teachers about this case so many times once I found out about it and to have closure finally, knowing the boys family has closure. It’s unsettling yet bittersweet

Aside from the tragedy of the boy being so mercilessly murdered and discarded like that, the way Joseph had such an uncanny resemblance to my former step-brother really stuck with me. Of course, he was born in '96, and as far as I know, his family was entirely from the midwest. Just one of those weird things, but remembering meeting him when he was just a young kid who looked so much like this boy... I mean, he could be a little terror as he had some mental and physical issues from being born very premature to drug addicted parents, but he was also sweet and funny and always meant well, and the thought of him meeting such a tragic end... it makes it all the more visceral for me. And jfc, poor Martha... What horrific luck for two ppl that evil to find each other and spend their lives tormenting children without facing any consequences...

I was conceived out of wedlock in 1962. My birth mother was sent to Texas without her parents knowing about me. I was adopted before I was born and raised by my adopted mom. My adopted father was very abusive man. I found my biological mother and 6 brothers and sisters in 2002. So I can understand the story of the boy in the box. I pray that he is resting in peace.

Excellent presentation of this horrific crime. You've laid everything out crystal clear, and far as I'm concerned M's story is legit - too many consistencies for it not to be, & the inconsistencies are minor, but that can come from age. Some memories are too painful to remember, so the fact she recounted everything in detail to her therapist really does sound like a confession from somebody who needs to get this haunting memory out of their system. Keep up the great work, this is the first video I've seen of yours & it's excellent. I subscribed BTW....

Something that might undermine the M theory are the surgical scars. It suggest that, at least for one period in Josesph's life, he was being actively cared for. It would be difficult, if not impossible, for a young child to go through these procedures and the necessary aftercare without someone noticing there was an extra child in the household. Of course, the surgery could have taken place when he was still under the care of the biological mother, but I don't know enough about the availability of affordable healthcare for a (presumably young) single mother in 1950's Philadelphia to say whether that would be feasible. Depending on what details the police are keeping back during the investigation, it still doesn't rule out the involvement of the foster home. It would also be interesting to know if the 'Home for Wayward Girls' ever came up at any point in the investigation. Girls and young women who fell pregnant out of wedlock often ended up in these places, with the infant being given up for adoption at birth. It may just be a coincidence that Joseph's body was left across the road from there but, if so, it's an odd one given what we now know about him.

This was a case that always broke my heart, and I honestly never thought we'd know who this poor child was. When I heard that he had finally been identified, I got full body goosebumps. I'm so happy he finally has his name back, and no longer has to be identified as just "the boy in the box" 💕 I hope his soul can finally rest and be at peace 🙏 Poor thing never got to live the life he could've had 💜

This is truly the most in depth video about this case I have ever seen. You not only utilized secondary sources that are readily available but also took advantage of primary sources to verify information.

Good job. This is the theory floating around genealogy DNA circles, except that idea includes the speculation the boy was given up for adoption at birth. A much more likely scenario in the 1950s than the parents living together and then selling their son. I'm from that time period and believe me, you had two options if you got pregnant out of wedlock, a shotgun wedding, or mom was sent to their "aunt's house," which in reality was a maternity home, and then the baby was adopted by a married couple. Two individuals, Catholic or not, staying in their community after living together and breaking up when their baby disappeared would have been unthinkable. That kind of behavior would have ruined their and extended families lives. People would have preferred believing aliens were involved. (There could be another reason that the police are silent. The mother's later children might be unaware their mother had a baby out of wedlock. Revelations of that type of secret can destroy families.)

I always interpreted the name change from Joseph to Johnathan being simply the Davis parents changing it out of personal preference, not a contradiction.

Imagine opening your power bill the 1st sheet you pull out of the envelope is a corpse photo

The boy not speaking reminds me of the story of Jeanie, a girl who was kept isolated in a room with barely anything to look at, and strapped to a chair for most hours of the day. Like the boy, this confinement left her unable to articulate thoughts, something which Joseph might share if he'd been neglected from the age of 2 onward. He very well could have had autism or some other mental handicap, but the isolation likely did not help. As for the Zarelli family not coming forward when the boy's photo was circulated, having given the boy up when he was a baby, there's a chance they simply didn't recognize him. Though to be fair, I don't know how much a little boy's appearance changes between 2 and 4 years old. But two straight years of abuse, malnourishment, and neglect likely impacted the boy's appearance as well, making it hard for the Zarelli's to recognize the boy they'd given to the Davis family. Or, more nefariously, if the child was born from an affair, Joseph's father not coming forward despite recognizing the boy wasn't out of not wanting to confess to murder, but rather, implicating himself in adultery. Which in 1957 was no short order. But given the evidence, I don't think we can vilify the Zarelli's in this instance unless more evidence comes forward like... them selling the baby for drug money or something. But with what we know right now, they had a baby they didn't know how or couldn't afford to take care of, they sold the child to the Davis family, and had no way of knowing that the Davis family would abuse the child. And Joseph's father either didn't recognize the boy from the photo, or was afraid to come forward as it would reveal his infidelity and ruin his reputation. So unless their motive is revealed to be nefarious, Or Mr. Zarelli was too scared to come forward, the Zarelli family seems to be relatively in the clear with being complicit with the boy's death. It's not like background checks existed in 1955, and all of the Davis family's friends and neighbors thought highly of them, meaning that even if they did do a background check, they likely wouldn't have found anything wrong with the Davis family and would have given Joseph to them anyway. Also, Joseph was 2, so it's entirely possible the Davis family renamed him Jonathan when they "adopted" him. It doesn't have to be Martha misremembering his name. They simply could have changed it.

Damn, what a tragic story...real parents didn't want Joseph, the people that bought him only intended on using him for their own sick and perverted gratification, and then he dies at their hands and is essentially thrown away like trash. It's heartbreaking to think anyone would even think of doing this to a child.

it's very possible the kid was sold or illegally adopted since it was common in 50s - 60s. (i think it died down around 70s or 80s) in the late 70s ,for example, it happened with my mom who was picked by a woman (let's say the first mom) in a shop and then re-adopted by my grandparents. my mom can be considered lucky for having a family who cared for her. can't say the same for Joseph, unfortunately.

It's times like this I really do hope there's a afterlife so bad people are judged and the good can rest in peace. Great work guys as always. I bet this took a toll to make

This story broke the heart of everyone in my hometown. It was one of the many wounds that refused to heal. My Mom had just become a young first time mother herself when it happened. She became more watchful of my older sister and then even more so with me when I was born a few years later. And every time the story came up on our local news, my Mom's face would change. (Same with the Emmett Till story.) Now, almost 70 years later, this baby has been given back his name. Hopefully, we here i Philadelphia can finally start to heal.

The discovery of Joseph's name was an emotional story for many Philadelphians. Lots of people took the time to honor his memory. Also, it is absolutely hilarious for someone to describe Fox Chase as, like, a tough neighborhood

This dna test thing that helped figure it all out, happened to a good friend of mine. FBI showed up at his house and eventually elaborated that because of him they figured out his grandpa was a serial killer who was never caught 🤯

It's really crazy there are people out there like this. Who do such terrible things to the most innocent things on this planet.

I got to know your channel because of your collab with Wendigoon and I’m loving it! So much well researched content, with depth and nuance. Keep it up!

The child having gone from a loving family or at the very least, a family that tried to one that was abusive would go to explain why he had signs of having been cared for properly medically in the past despite the cruelty that marked the end of his life.

LETS GO I remember reading about this case multiple years ago and being so excited when I heard they were doing DNA research on the case again. So stoked to hear this

Horribly tragic and disgusting what happened to that poor baby boy, damn shame but I hope he's felt nothing but peace and rest since passing. That aside, this was a very good, informative video and I can always appreciate your guys' content. I look forward to stuff of this quality in the future.

The amount of work and care y'all put in covering such hard to hear topics is so admirable. I feel like y'all are doing something truly important as hard as it is to watch and listen sometimes these stories need to be heard. We need more people willing to look for the truth regardless of how uncomfortable or disturbing it might be. Thank you.

I'm grateful that we finally learned that little boy's name this past year. He deserves to be remembered by his name.

i am so sorry your ex lied to you about Fox Chase.

Boy dies, found dumped, no one is coming forward to ID him... Parents did it. When it's a child, it's usually a parent or "friend" of the family.

Jesus, had to pause this one and go hug my kid for 20mins. That is heart breaking.

It's not odd whatsoever that the detective would be told Anna Marie needs family present before she talks to anyone. If she was suffering from dementia in her old age, she would need a guardian present to represent her best wishes in her place because she wasn't of sound mind.

Been following this case since I first learned of it, sometime back between 2000 - 2005. Very, very happy for this progress and investigators can at least tell the child's story. That said, I have to admit as soon as it was mentioned the psychic asked for metal from the child, and the person who contacted the psychic sent her staples from the BOX, I could almost hear myself screaming "No!!!!!!". The box is the container the child was found in and may not have any direct connection to him. The real unfortunate part is that it seems the staples gave the psychic information as to where the the bassinet that was originally in the box was currently located. If so, the psychic was, well, truly psychic and I have to wonder what the result would have been if perhaps a metal snap, button, or buckle from the child's clothes was sent to the psychic instead of the staples.

I knew about this case before, I always believed the M theory, too much coincidence,it’s a shame that people dismiss it because of mental health. I would love to see more videos about unsolved cases that have been revived.

I remember learning about this case when I was 13 and a true-crime kid. Seeing an hour long video on the boy in the box makes me really happy. I'm really glad the kid got his name back, even if it's been almost 70 years at this point. Boy in the box was always one of the most interesting and saddest cases I've come across and I'm absolutely thrilled it's finally solved.

Absolutely phenomenal video, far more flushed out and thorough than any other coverage of the boy in the box story than I’ve seen. Keep it up!

My mom has a vaccine scar, its a circular scar about the size of a nickel. The reason why its so big is because it wasn't just one syringe for a single vaccine for one virus, it had multiple syringes for multiple vaccines all in one go, it had like 8 or 10 syringes in a circle pattern.

I'm from the Philly suburbs in NJ, so I've known about this case my whole life. I'm not usually a podcast type person. I don't sit and listen to people talk for an hour. This was the exception. Well done, I really enjoyed it.

Well done. This is the most thorough coverage of this case that I've seen.

You did a phenomenal job with your research, storytelling, everything! I would absolutely love to see more videos like this. Even though everything is not absolutely confirmed, I feel like I finally have some closure on this case, so thank you for covering it.

Exceptionally sad story, unfortunately as seeing that the parents are dead the provable truth of his story has likely died with them.

I really hope that someday we can get closure on the AOL 927 case as well. That took place near Harrisburg, and the Harrisburg office of the FBI has actually known who did it since 2019 but they haven't been able to actually release it publicly or confirm it. I know this because I was the one who had to go through the process of actually reporting it because I was involved in that case when it happened. It's going to be really interesting if they ever actually publicly talk about it or whatever but like you've said, a witness can only be taken as circumstantial evidence until they're able to actually confirm things with forensics. That's what holds up a lot of cases apparently because whenever we give tips as witnesses or as people who may even be victims, all that stuff has to be confirmed and followed up on which takes years.

I remember when Cayleigh Elise still ran her channel and uploaded this video. I was in a Starbucks with my dad. Something about it just fascinated and grabbed me. I hope he’s somewhere better where he can be cared for and loved like every child deserves. Reality is truly scarier than fiction sometimes. Glad to at least have a name for him

Amazing video. I definitely appreciated the depth you went into with this case.

I want to say thank you for covering this so in depth and so respectfully. This case has lingered on my mind since I was a child and I cried when they accounted they finally knew who he was. I can't think of a better person to cover this than you. Thank you for always being respectful of victims and their families.

This was incredibly well done, I've seen people cover this case time and time again but this was nearly all new to me. Horrible to think what Joseph went through, something that we have no way of knowing is happening to other children. RIP little guy ❤ Also, I say this with so much love... man what's going on with your hair in this lmfaooo I didn't think much of it until you cut away to the section filmed later, which was so perfectly styled, and then it went right back to the nesting falcon and I just about spit my drink 😂

Dang. This was exactly what I was looking for to explain the case. Incredibly thoughtful for just detailing the facts. Good work

You did a fabulous job on this. Definitely the most informative video I’ve seen on the topic and your level of respect is apparent.

thank you for giving him a loving concise compassionate story telling voice.

Longform, painstakingly researched theories and fact finding are what I live for. Though I will say that your attempts to get people to not harass the surviving family members did start to feel like a wink to the camera after a while. That said very well done

I like the depth you went into in this. Going into the layers of this story was fascinating, i would love to see more like this. Top-notch video as always dudes!

This is the first video of yours that I've seen and I really enjoyed it. I appreciate the length you went to to be truly informed. Can't wait to check out more!

It feels good to know the Joseph's name now, thank you for sharing it. Fantastic video, fellas.

This was my first time watching your content and I thought it was really well done. I’ll be watching more for sure. My uneducated theory was very much the same. Child out of wedlock sold to bad people. Such a tragedy but I do hope the authorities continue to bring forth the truth. Thanks for taking the time to share this!

wow. i’ve just found your videos and they are incredible! i love that you put so much time and research in to be able to put your own theories forward. exactly the gap in the true crime community i’ve been looking for covered. thank you !!

Great Video!!!!! Thanks for all your hard work, this is by far the best “boy in the box case” video I’ve seen, and I’ve watched a lot!!!! Also YES to more in-depth/long format videos!!!! Keep em’ Coming!!!

it's always sad when monsters get to die of old age

You just got a new subscriber.. I love how in-depth you are. You are the first to actually go into detail about this case, and we appreciate all your time and hard work to make it all happen. Keep on keeping on. Job well done 👏 ✔️

This video was amazing. So much detail and such strong delivery. Tragic story of course, but your videos are really appreciated!!

Loved the video. The long form in depth content is really appreciated!!

This is the first update on his case that ive heard in awhile. His case has always made me incredibly sad. Well done on the information

A horrific tragedy that I thought we'd never know more about let alone a probable answer. Thank you for working so hard on this.

Came across your videos about 10 days ago. Have been kind of binging since then! Love the longer ones! You do a fine job of researching. You cover so many possibilities … not just pushing your own opinion. And and I love history. You and your ‘crew’, are awesome and I hope you continue to keep up the good work (I’m 80 yrs old and appreciate the wide time period your stories cover!)

Love your work and can’t get enough of it!

I just got introduced to your channel and I haven’t watched anything else, but I want to say that I definitely like the in depth overview of the case and would like more content like this.

This is the most detailed and well-explained video of this case i have ever had the pleasure to watch. And believe me, i have watched a LOT. Congrats for the great work and dedication, the video, as well as your whole channel, definitely deserves more attention and recognition!! Keep up the great work🤗

This mystery has always grabbed my attention. The story you're relating is full of tragic childhoods... the poor little Joseph, of course; and Martha; the children in the Foster home... and I relate. My own story, I've often thought, will have to be written when I am quite old and anyone I love who could be hurt is gone.

I first visited your site to watch the Smith Falls episode only because I recognized the town name as having visited there years ago while cottaging on Rideau Lake. Your story,which I found both quite interesting & well told, referenced a previous episode about the Boy in the Box. I vaguely reconized this but I wanted to know more. Wow. I found it so sad, but at the same time I was very impressed in how thourough your telling of it was. And how respectful you were to the case & those involved. Now I intend to watch much more of your channel because of the integrity & depth of research you demonstrate. Extremely well done. Respect from 🇨🇦.

I also live in PA, on the lower side by the MD border. But ever since I heard they named the boy in the box I’ve been hoping you would make a follow up video! But you killed it!! The time/effort that was put into this is crazy & I honestly loved the video, keep it man, you’re crushing it 🤙🏼

Fabulously well done. Thank you for all The time you put into this. Poor little Joseph. RIP

I love the details included in this video! Please keep them coming!

Brilliantly done. Thanks for all your effort on this.

Incredible work. I’ve followed this story for years now. And your in-depth review is the best I’ve ever come across. Also very impressed by your investigation into the M lead.