England wanted to deny Russia access to the Mediterranean and the British crown colony of India, France just followed England so there is no new rivals in the colonial game.
It's similar to today. The weaker side in a conflict always finds some help to prop them up and prolong the conflict, just not enough to win and become strong.
@@georgeghazaryan That was already under the Young Turks who ended the Sultan's abolute rule and installed a constitutional government in the revolution of 1908. Five years later a coup established a one-party state with thee leaders, one of them Enver Pasha leading the army through WW1.
The Battle of Nezib was the absolute lowest point of the Ottoman Empire, from there onwards the empire was able to move forward with some success until its collapse
The mood in Egypt about Muhammed Ali is bitterness, we see him as one if the greats, but however was denied this by foreign meddling, the same can be said about the egyptian decline then subsequent colonization by the British, so in conclusion, Britain bad.
They propped it up so their main European rivals couldn’t take territory off it or diplomatic control of it. It was also better for trade to deal with 1 large weak empire than a dozen small, angry states fighting each other and raiding the trade routes.
One thing I never understood, why did the Meiji restoration work, when Tanzimat failed? Tanzimat is certainly one of my favourite historical what-if moments.
I would argue that the Tanzimat didn't completely fail, its the reason the Turks managed to somewhat successfully reform their society unlike per se Iran which didn't have a Tanzimat-like reform period to set up political and social infastructure for sustainable modernization.
It’s very complicated history. Thanks to the superpowers at the time, especially the English, French, and the Russians. But should not anybody get fooled, all that friction it’s going on in the Middle East to this day. ✝️☦️☪️🕎☮️
While as for the Ottoman Sultan's less than entirely loyal ethnic Albanian viceroy of Egypt, Mehemet Ali and his various Khedival descendants, they did remain nominally Ottoman officials right up until WW1. After which, in accordance with another convenient fiction they became de jure independent kings, though by then as de facto British puppets. The last of who was in position in WW2 and was only finally deposed by Nasser in the early 1950s. He was King Farouk, who was the eponymous 'hero' of a well known British army song of the era. As my father, who when a young man had served in 8th Army and was still quite familiar with some of the lyrics 40 years later, could confirm. It's a charming ditty and the last time I heard it sung was in a local pub in the early 2000s, by a former UK Squaddie who'd been Gods know where, initially as a national serviceman in the very early '50s and still knew even more verses. It begins... "King Farouk, King Farouk Hang his bollocks on a hook..."
Mehmet Ali Pasha was an ethnic Turk from a family of Central Anatolian origin and whose native language was Turkish. There was no such thing as an “ethnic Albanian governor-general of Egypt.”
@@Spartan_Disiplin you're literally lying. he was an ethnic Tosk (southern Albanian) and spoke Albanian. His bashi bazouks were Albanian. His whole army wore Tosk Albanian dress and attire. This is well established.
@@Anon-nv7bp Mehmet Ali was neither a southern Albanian nor spoke any language other than Turkish in his life. Convincing evidence about the Pasha's ancestry is what his son Ibrahim Pasha told to Arif Bey, who also came to Egypt from Kavala: ''On my father's side, I realy do not know exactly who our forbears were. Perhaps they came from Arabkir. But what I do know quite definitely is that our great-grandparents Ibrahim and Mustafa had come from Konya to Rumelia. Mustala stayed in Edime and Ibrahim settled in Kavala, where he married a lady belonging to the family of the Çorbacı of that district. It was thus by inherited right that my father became “Yol Agasi''. ' Arif Bey,Ibr al-Bashar Fi'l Qarn ath-Thalit Ashar Kavala contingent that came with Mehmet Ali Pasha was not Albanian either. Albanian bashibozuks belong to Tahir Pasha's troops, who made an alliance with Mehmet Ali in Egypty: ''Kavala corps will soon unite with around 4000 strong soldiers, consisting of Albanian irregulars, who are famous throughout the Ottoman lands for their courage and enthusiasm, as well as their disobedience and recklessness. These soldiers, who speak different language and come from the other side of Balkans, will be much more difficult to restrain than his citizens from Kavala, whom Mehmet Ali has already subdued. (As we will see later, Mehmet Ali's close relations with the Albanians give the wrong impression that he is Albanian origin)'' Khaled Fahmy,Mehmed Ali: from Ottoman Governor to Ruler of Egypt
Much appreciated that you talked about Assyrians, including Hormuzd Rassam, his grandson would later be a British Officer during the Simele Massacre. The Badr Khan Massacres of 1843-1846 really changed the demographics the region, but with still a large Assyrian population going into World War I.
@@jamaaldaynitelong8367 Off course, but we are still repeating these mistakes especially letting foreign powers to divide and control, and we acting like our history was glorious
@@mhmadbedrddeen3414 Very true...But it's the same issue with most of us non European people...We'd rather work with them than each other and/or we're always letting them in our affairs..Sad
By the way: Europeans do the SAME THING in Africa today. People often think that Western powers destabilize Africa, but the exact opposite is true. Most African nations would collapse within a year without corporate investment, foreign aid, and Western assistance.
@@eljanrimsa5843 I guess you could view it that way, but without corporate and national security forces and support, most of these countries just wouldn't exist. They'd be split into a dozen or more fighting tribes in brutal civil wars.
Imagine if religion still mattered the most in that time...(it still mattered to some degree, but not as much) What if the Christians nations of Europe organized a crusade of their respective denominations against the Ottomans and later against the other Muslims states of Arabia, Persia, southeast Asia, central Asia and Africa?
there were cases where the Christian nations of Europe did organize some Crusades against the Ottomans however they all ended in failure, despite the European Christians outnumbering the Ottomans. For reference, look up the Battle of Nicopolis and also the Crusade of Varna.
@@mirzabaig17 yes but that was in the long past by this point, the Ottoman went to a spiral of decline so much so that by the beginning of the 19th century, the Ottomans were weak and needed to he saved by outsiders Christian powers that only did so to undermine the other rivals not caring that the Ottomans brought so much grief for them in the past, now imagine if each one of those countries, wanted to carve up some "holy land" for their respective denominations, like the Catholics the Orthodox, the Protestants/Calvinists, the Anglicans, etc... seeing Egypt's success would they decided to Carve up the Ottomans as much they can.
Why? Usually because the powers concerned did NOT want to see Russia expand into the Balkans and more specifically in Britain's case particularly, see St.Petersburg lay hands on Constantinople, gain control of the straits between the Med and Black Seas and likely cause the tottering Ottoman Empire to collapse in the process. Of course, fear of all that did wane after Britain herself occupied Egypt, acquired Cyprus and dominated access to the Suez Canal, but even then, London still far preferred Russia to be kept as far from the straits as possible. At least before WW1.
Well they still keep it. Even in WW1. The British never claim 100% they would let them have the straight or Constantinople. Which the British later just claim it after they got out of the war by revolution.
@@thanhhoangnguyen4754 More or less, yep. It was more just that with Russia as an ally (at least, it was expected, for the duration of the war), with Ottoman Turkey as an enemy, and with themselves already in occupation of Cyprus and Egypt, Britain was somewhat less concerned than formerly about the fate of Constantinople and the straits. Although when Russia did eventually collapse in revolution while Britain's own campaign in the Levant under Allenby progressed, no one was really complaining. Irrespective pf prior Tsarist Russian assent to the 1916 Sykes-Picot deal under which Britain and France had already got agreement to their nabbing the bits of Ottoman territory they were most concerned about securing.
@@squirepraggerstope3591 Well true that the best part of it the British claim Constantinople and the straight too. Either way they really just thinking it must not at least fall to the France or the Russian.
@@thanhhoangnguyen4754 Frankly, with Russia setting out on what turned out to be a 70 year trip to Marxist Hell and with our dear allies, the French, very much the junior partner in almost all salient respects and quite unable to do 'squat' in the eastern Med except courtesy of the Royal Navy, Lo London was pretty blase after securing the bits HMG thought important,
@@squirepraggerstope3591 To be fair though it was good plan just the the side effects of it the government hadn’t considered to have great damage of course other it was high time indeed.
Yazidis always saw the Sunni Muslims in the region as their enemies and formed gangs in their regions and attacked Muslim caravans and merchants. [68] This situation caused tension between the Yazidis and the Kurdish Beys and clashes occurred. Bedirhan Bey first marched against the Sinjar Yazidis and occupied Sinjar . Later, with the support of Derviş Bey of Garzan, an expedition was organized against the Yazidis of Garzan (1844) [69] After the expeditions he organized, Bedirhan Bey captured many Yazidis, took these captives with him to Cizre , sold some of them as slaves , and converted their women to Islam and married them to Muslim men. got married. Yazidis did not forget what was done to them during the Eastern Operation against Bedirhan Bey in 1847 and sided with the Ottoman state.
Bedirhan Bey took advantage of the current situation and conquered the regions from Van , Bitlis , Muş and Diyarbakır to Lake Urmia. He was thinking of including it in his own sphere of influence. [32] For this reason , he tried to establish good relations with the people of Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia, especially with the Armenians . [33] Because Bedirhan Bey, according to some Armenian historians; In alliance with the Armenians , it follows a conscious policy to bring a large part of Kurdistan under its influence and gain the political support of Russia and Iran . [34] Bedirhan Bey's period was a period when Kurdish and Armenian relations were friendly.
Bedirhan Bey's actions in the first period when he took over the Emirate were based on reforms and studies aimed at correcting the administrative structure that had deteriorated during the period of the previous Emirs. [13] Bedirhan Bey, who strengthened his power over time, began to rule the Cizre region authoritarianly and his first action was to unite the rebellious and stray tribes scattered in the Botan Region under his own structure. [14] In this process, Bedirhan Bey made some administrative appointments and made administrative arrangements. Bedirhan Bey appointed Abdülkuddüs Bey to the Shaykh al-Islam within the Botan Emirate, Tahir Ağa (Tahirê Memo) to military affairs, Hamit Ağa to the Cavalry Command, and Efendi Ağa to the Treasury and internal affairs. [15] From the first years of his Emirate, Bedirhan Bey put pressure on the thieves and robbers in the region and ensured peace and tranquility in the Botan region by punishing them with strict penalties. Foreign travelers have stated that they see the peace and security in the Botan region of Bedirhan Bey that they have not seen in other countries and regions. American missionaries named Rais and Bres, who visited Bedirhan Bey in June 1836 , stated that no suspect could escape from the hands of the Bey, and that incidents such as theft and bribery, which were seen in many parts of the country, were not seen in these regions, and the hands of the caught thieves and robbers were immediately cut off, thus the Emirate of Botan They also stated that peace was maintained even in the most backward region. [15] [16] Bedirhan Bey, in a short time, prevented theft and plunder, ensured peace in the region and managed to streamline tax collection. [17] This situation positively affected the relationship between Bedirhan Bey and the people and enabled him to gain respect among the people. Russian researcher V. Dittel, who traveled around the region between 1842 and 1845 , mentions that he often came across immigrant groups on the roads that set out to go to Bedirhan Bey's region, and writes the following statements in his notes about this journey; "It has laws and conditions to distribute. But peace and security are preferable to all the inconveniences of these conditions" [18] V. Dittel later mentioned the laws and military rule imposed by Bedirhan Bey and stated that people could travel alone within the Botan region without fear, and continued in his notes as follows ; “ There is no place in Kurdistan where there is no robbery, road blocking and murder. But this is how public order was maintained around here.” [20] The French consulate officer who visited the Botan region in 1845 drew attention to the difference between Bedirhan Bey's emirate and other regions under the control of the Ottoman Empire as follows; " At a distance of about 50 miles from Diyarbakır to the Euphrates , the difference of the country is immediately noticeable. Agriculture is better maintained, villages are better established and give the impression of abundance. This is the region of Bedirhan. He pays 250 thousand kuruş tax to the Sublime Porte . His Emirate is good He rules, he is a harsh but fair lord. Likewise, there is an atmosphere of complete trust in the country. There is an appearance of prosperity that cannot be found in other states under Turkish authority. For this reason, immigrants even settled in Bedirhan Bey's land and became his soldiers. But not everyone who wants can settle in his land and "The Kurd of Bedirhan cannot bear his name. The first condition is that every new arrival must have a horse, gun, sword and rifle, in short, he must be well-armed and, when necessary, fight against the enemy with Bedirhan Bey's army." [21] According to Mr. Bedirhan, improving social and economic life is among the most important issues. In order to achieve these, he first ensured public order within the region and then put the tax system in order. Bedirhan Bey was of the opinion that his love and authority among the people would increase as a result of the solution of these problems. For this purpose, the people took measures to guarantee security in the Botan region and eased the tax burden of the people who were oppressed by the heavy tax burden. This new management approach in favor of the people became a hope for the people living in other regions, and the Botan region witnessed many migrations during this period. [22] Bedirhan Bey ruled the Botan Emirate with an authoritarian approach and did not accept even a small attack on property. This attitude has made the Botan Region an extremely safe area, leaving no trace of looters and thieves. Bedirhan Bey gave a field to every villager who settled on his land and received a few pennies in return. Moreover, the villagers are obliged to pay one-third of the crops they obtained from the fields to Bedirhan Bey as tax. Since these tributes and taxes were less than the tributes and taxes imposed by other Beys in the region, the people defended his order and supported him. American missionaries ; They stated that Bedirhan Bey supported those in need and that the people he helped looked to the sky and prayed for him. [23] Bedirhan Bey was also an idealist leader. He took steps for ship management in Lake Van and used all his power to make it happen. The ship management project in Lake Van was met with interest by the public and received the support of the tribal chiefs. Since operating ships on the lake was of great importance for both the transportation and trade of the region, he sent students to Europe to learn shipbuilding and provided them with education
@CaptainHarlock-kv4zt That's why East Asians will take over both of us. Europeans are degenerated, and Middle Eastern remained in the Stone Age. Wish the Sassanid-Byzantine war never happened😪
England and later Britain was an old Ottoman ally, since the reign of Eiizaberh 1st. As ally in the Crimean war with France, they fought the Russian Empire.. Britain missed a trick by allowing the German Empire to gain influence. The Ottoman could have survived beyond 1923, with Anglo French support, and maybe the picture in the Middle East could have been different, with no artificial states such as Syria, Iraq
They failed when they abandoned the Ottomans in 1877. Only reason the Ottomans turned to Germany was because Britain and France turned actively hostile to it and even then the Pro-German camp was small.
Well done again Jabzy from your half Irish half Armenian brother who is still waiting with baited breath for your take on the Assyrian/Armenian genocide. Heppy Christians brother I'm expecting that present
@@Cam-nq8br Somehow i get the feeling the English will definitely support the Turk on this one. Because remember the English didn’t do anything harshly to the Irish.
@@MrErdem95 Hello Turk, just keep your head buried in the sand and believe everything that Sultan erdogan says. You are an ancestor of murderer's but being a Muslim Turk that shouldn't suprise you. You infant
@@MrErdem95 Strong courageous nations bravely look back at the horrible things of the past and apologize for them and make amends for them, it is brave and demanding to say "we were wrong". Cowardly nations whitewash history and lazily put their heads in the sand for they are too weak to face their mistakes. Judging on your comment, Turkïye is not there on the "courageous nations" yet, sadly.
