Modes of radio wave propagation
Radio waves propagate through various modes depending on their frequency and the nature of the surrounding environment. The following are the primary modes of radio wave propagation:
Ground Wave Propagation: Ground wave propagation occurs at lower frequencies, typically below 2 MHz. The radio waves travel along the surface of the Earth and are affected by the conductivity and topography of the terrain. Ground wave propagation allows for long-distance communication, particularly over land and sea.
Sky Wave Propagation: Sky wave propagation occurs at higher frequencies, typically between 2 MHz and 30 MHz. In this mode, radio waves are refracted by the ionosphere, a layer of charged particles in the upper atmosphere. The waves are bent back towards the Earth, allowing for long-distance communication over vast areas. Sky wave propagation is commonly used for AM (amplitude modulation) radio broadcasting and long-distance shortwave communication.
Line-of-Sight Propagation: Line-of-sight propagation occurs at even higher frequencies, typically above 30 MHz. In this mode, radio waves travel in a straight line from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna without any significant obstacles or obstructions in the path. Line-of-sight propagation is commonly used for FM (frequency modulation) radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, and microwave communication.
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5 июл 2023
