The value 27648 has simply been selected as the maximum normal range value of any analog signal transfered to the CPU by a Siemens analog module.This numerical value is independant of the resolution of the particular analog module used (this is a way to standardize all scaling of analog readingsin the processor)
For unipolar data, this would mean 0 to 27648 represents full range; above 27648, overrange, below 0, underrange.See the attached illustration for the equivalent numeric values iof a 4-20 mA or 0-20 mA signal.
The basic configuration of the analog modules is best explained in the S7-300 module Data manual:
support.automation.siemens.com...
Look at the chapters on Principles of Analog value processing and Representation of the analog values of analog modules.
Hope this helps,
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